PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH BERBANTUAN MULTIMEDIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKn SISWA KELAS VC SD WIDIATMIKA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKn dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match berbantuan multimedia. Jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran, tes, dan catatan lapangan. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai keterlaksanaan pembelajaran peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut ditunjukkan pada perolehan nilai pra siklus dengan rata-rata kelas 67,12, persentase ketuntasan 23,08% mengalami kenaikan pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 75,96, persentase ketuntasan 76,92% dan pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 82,69 persentase ketuntasan 100%. Hasil tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa penelitian tindakan kelas ini mencapai indikator ketuntasan yang ditentukan yaitu 80%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match berbantuan multimedia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKn siswa kelas VC SD Widiatmika

PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN ACCELERATION SPRINTS, HOLLOW SPRINTS, DAN REPETITION SPRINTS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI LARI 100 METER DITINJAU DARI KEKUATAN OTOT TUNGKAI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode latihan acceleration sprints, hollow sprints, dan repetition sprints terhadap peningkatan prestasi lari 100 meter, (2) perbedaan hasil peningkatan lari 100 meter antara yang memiliki kekuatan otot tungkai tinggi dan rendah, dan (3) pengaruh interaksi antara metode latihan dengan kekuatan otot tungkai terhadap peningkatan lari 100 meter. Metode penelitian ini termasuk “eksperimen lapangan” dengan rancangan faktorial 3 X 2. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa putra semester III Jurusan Ilmu keolahragaan, FOK-Undiksha Singaraja, sampel penelitian sebanyak 48 orang. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari variabel bebas; metode latihan Latihan Acceleration Sprints, Hollow Sprints, dan Repetition Sprint, variabel terikat; peningkatan prestasi lari 100 meter, dan variabel atributif; kekuatan otot tungkai. Penelitian ini dilakukan 3 kali setiap minggu, selama 24 kali pertemuan bertempat stadion Bhuana Patra Singaraja. Data prestasi lari 100 meter sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dianalisis secara statistika dengan menggunakan Analisis Varians 2 jalur pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh metode latihan acceleration sprints, hollow sprints, dan repetition sprints terhadap peningkatan kecepatan lari 100 meter. Masing- masing; untuk metode latihan acceleration sprints adalah 278,625, metode latihan hollow sprints adalah 208,625 dan untuk metode repetition sprints adalah 149, (2) Ada perbedaan hasil peningkatan lari 100 meter antara yang memiliki kekuatan otot tungkai tinggi dan rendah Masing-masing; untuk kelompok kekuantan otot tungkai tinggi adalah 248,5 dan kelompok kekuatan otot tungkai rendah 150,3, (3) Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara metode latihan dan kekuatan otot tungkai terhadap peningkatan lari 100 meter. Kata kunci: latihan acceleration sprints, hollow sprint, dan repetition sprints, kekuatan otot tungkai, prestasi lari 100 mete

The Development of Practice Recommendations for Drug-Disease Interactions by Literature Review and Expert Opinion

Background: Drug-disease interactions negatively affect the benefit/risk ratio of drugs for specific populations. In these conditions drugs should be avoided, adjusted, or accompanied by extra monitoring. The motivation for many drug-disease interactions in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is sometimes insufficiently supported by (accessible) evidence. As a consequence the translation of SmPC to clinical practice may lead to non-specific recommendations. For the translation of this information to the real world, it is necessary to evaluate the available knowledge about drug-disease interactions, and to formulate specific recommendations for prescribers and pharmacists. The aim of this paper is to describe a standardized method how to develop practice recommendations for drug-disease interactions by literature review and expert opinion. Methods: The development of recommendations for drug-disease interactions will follow a six-step plan involving a multidisciplinary expert panel (1). The scope of the drug-disease interaction will be specified by defining the disease and by describing relevant effects of this drug-disease interaction. Drugs possibly involved in this drug-disease interaction are selected by checking the official product information, literature, and expert opinion (2). Evidence will be collected from the official product information, guidelines, handbooks, and primary literature (3). Study characteristics and outcomes will be evaluated and presented in standardized reports, including preliminary conclusions on the clinical relevance and practice recommendations (4). The multidisciplinary expert panel will discuss the reports and will either adopt or adjust the conclusions (5). Practice recommendations will be integrated in clinical decision support systems and published (6). The results of the evaluated drug-disease interactions will remain up-to-date by screening new risk information, periodic literature review, and (re)assessments initiated by health care providers. Actionable Recommendations: The practice recommendations will result in advices for specific DDSI. The content and considerations of these DDSIs will be published and implemented in all Clinical Decision Support Systems in the Netherlands. Discussion: The recommendations result in professional guidance in the context of individual patient care. The professional will be supported in the decision making in concerning pharmacotherapy for the treatment of a medical problem, and the clinical risks of the proposed medication in combination with specific diseases

Elaia, Pergamon's maritime satellite:The rise and fall of an ancient harbour city shaped by shoreline migration

Throughout human history, communication and trade have been key to society. Because maritime trade facilitated the rapid transportation of passengers and freight at relatively low cost, harbours became hubs for traffic, trade and exchange. This general statement holds true for the Pergamenian kingdom, which ruled wide parts of today's western Turkey during Hellenistic times. Its harbour, located at the city of Elaia on the eastern Aegean shore, was used extensively for commercial and military purposes. This study reconstructs the coastal evolution in and around the ancient harbour of Elaia and compares the observed environmental modifications with archaeological and historical findings. We use micropalaeontological, sedimentological and geochemical proxies to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental dynamics and evolution of the ancient harbour. The geoarchaeological results confirm the archaeological and historical evidence for Elaia's primacy during Hellenistic and early Roman times, and the city's gradual decline during the late Roman period. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that Elaia holds a unique position as a harbour city during ancient times in the eastern Aegean region, because it was not greatly influenced by the high sediment supply associated with river deltas. Consequently, no dredging of the harbour basins is documented, creating exceptional geo-bioarchives for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

Synthesis and Structure of Trinuclear W3S4 Clusters Bearing Aminophosphine Ligands and Their Reactivity toward Halides and Pseudohalides

The aminophosphine ligand (2-aminoethyl)- diphenylphosphine (edpp) has been coordinated to the W3(μ- S)(μ-S)3 cluster unit to afford trimetallic complex [W3S4Br3(edpp)3]+ (1+) in a one-step synthesis process with high yields. Related [W3S4X3(edpp)3]+ clusters (X = F−, Cl−, NCS−; 2+−4+) have been isolated by treating 1+ with the corresponding halide or pseudohalide salt. The structure of complexes 1+ to 4+ contains an incomplete W3S4 cubane-type cluster unit, and only one of the possible isomers is formed: the one with the phosphorus atoms trans to the capping sulfur and the amino groups trans to the bridging sulphurs. The remaining coordination position on each metal is occupied by X. Detailed studies using stopped-flow, 31P{1H} NMR, and ESI-MS have been carried out in order to understand the solution behavior and the kinetics of interconversion among species 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ in solution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been also carried out on the reactions of cluster 1+ with the different anions. The whole set of experimental and theoretical data indicate that the actual mechanism of substitutions in these clusters is strongly dependent on the nature of the leaving and entering anions. The interaction between an entering F− and the amino group coordinated to the adjacent metal have also been found to be especially relevant to the kinetics of these reactions