Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E and melatonin against copper-induced toxicity in rats

Purpose: To determine the preventive effects of vitamin E and melatonin against acute copper toxicity in rats.Methods: A total of 28 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control, copper sulfate, copper sulfate + vitamin E, and copper sulfate + melatonin. The following were analyzed in all groups: serum enzymes; activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), protein carbonyl (PC) content. Liver histopathology was also evaluated.Results: PC levels decreased in rats administered copper sulfate/vitamin E and copper sulfate/melatonin. The activities of SOD, GPx and CAT increased significantly with melatonin and vitamin E administration when compared with administration of copper sulfate alone. Histopathologic features revealed severe degeneration and necrotic changes in rats administered copper sulfate alone. These changes were observed to a lesser extent in the copper sulfate + melatonin group and only minimally in the copper sulfate + vitamin E group.Conclusion: Vitamin E and melatonin are protective against liver damage caused by copper. Vitamin E, and melatonin may strengthen the antioxidant defense system by inhibiting protein oxidation and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Keywords: Copper, Melatonin, Vitamin E, Protein oxidation, Hepatoprotectiv

Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection

Although scarce after annual influenza vaccination, B cells producing antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple influenza strains are abundant in humans infected with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza

Investigation of al stress induced alterations in bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-hamet & perrier) A.berger by using physiological methods and molecular markers

YÖK Tez No: 456321Bu çalışmada, Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) A.Berger bitkisinin Al elementine karşı mineral beslenme, fotosentetik pigment, total protein ve genotoksik özellikleri açısından ne gibi yanıtlar verdiği araştırılmıştır. Bitkiler 0 (kontrol), 50, 100 ve 200 konsantrasyonlarda AlCl3 içeren Hoagland çözeltileri (20 ml) ile 2,5 ay boyunca gün aşırı sulandılar. Toprak pH'sı düştüğünde (4,5-5,0) Al çözünerek fitotoksik hali olan Al3+ formuna dönüşmekte, taban suyunda çözünerek bitki kökleri tarafından emilmektedir. Bu yüzden, deney gruplarına ek olarak asit kontrol grubu eklendi. Sulamanın sonrasındaki gün deney gruplarına toprağa püskürtülmek suretiyle sülfirik asit (% 0,2) verildi. Asit kontrol grubu, asitin bitkide meydana getirdiği etkileri görmek amacıyla oluşturulmuş olup, gruba yalnızca Hogland solüsyonu ve sonraki gün sülfirik asit verildi. 2,5 ayın sonunda, hasat edilen bitkilerde fotosentetik pigmentler (klorofil a, klorofil b, total klorofil, klorofil a/b ve karotenoid) ve total protein miktarına bakıldı. Bitkide kök, gövde ve yapraklardaki Al elementi ve diğer mineral besin elementleri (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn ve Zn) ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer ) cihazı ile ölçüldü, RAPD-PZR ve ISSR-PZR yöntemleri ile genotoksisite analizleri yapıldı. Klorofil a-b ve karotenoid miktarları Arnon (1949) formülasyonuna göre ve total protein miktarı Bradford (1976) baz alınarak hesaplandı. Sonuç olarak 50, 100 ve 200 ?M konsantrasyonları; kontrol grubu ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla; klorofil a % ~6,57, ~3,61, ~8,88, ~8,22; klorofil b % ~22,11, ~21,60, ~21,60, ~1,00; total klorofil % ~11,76, ~11,96, ~21,60, ~11,37; karotenoid değişim yok, % ~7,03, ~6,25, ~7,81 olarak genel bir düşüş olduğu klorofil a/b oranlarında ise % ~4,19, ~15,05, ~12,75, ~12,29 olarak arttığı gözlenmiştir. Total protein miktarında ise konsantrasyona bağlı olarak yükselme olduğu gözlenmiştir. Mineral besin elementlerinden Ca, Cu, K, Fe, Mg, Mn ve Zn değerleri bütün bitki kısımlarında kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında uygulanan Al konsantrasyonunun (50, 100 ve 200 µM) artmasına bağlı azalmıştır. Bitki besin elementlerinden, Na elementinin kontrol grubunun köklerinde en düşük değerini aldığı, asit kontrol grubunda en yüksek değerde olduğu ve 200 µM konsantrasyon grubuna doğru, Al konsantrasyonu arttıkça Na değerlerinde düşüş olduğu saptanmıştır. Yaptığımız çalışmada RAPD ve ISSR profil sonuçlarımıza göre yeni bant oluşumları ve bant yoğunluklarında değişim gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile birlikte genotoksisite, çevresel toksikoloji ve Al toksisitesi araştırmalarında RAPD-RZR ve ISSR- PZR tekniğinin yararlı olabileceği görülmüştür.In this study, effects of aluminum on genotoxicity, photosynthetic pigment composition, total protein content and mineral nutrient status in Bryophyllum daigremontianum plants have been investigated. Plants were watered with Hoagland solution (20 ml) containing 0 (normal), 50, 100 and 200 ?M AlCl3 on alternate days for 75 days. As soil pH decreases (4,5–5,0) Al is converted into phytotoxic form Al3+, and solubilized in soil water and absorbed by plant roots. Thus, in addition to experimental groups an acid control group was added to investigate the effects of acid on plants. On the day after watering, experimental groups were sprayed with sulfuric acid (0,2%). After experimental period, plants were harvested and effects of Al treatment on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a/b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) and total protein contents were analyzed. Al and other mineral nutrient elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Mn and Zn) in plant roots, stems and leaves were analyzed by using ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer). The genotoxic analysis was performed by employing RAPD and ISSR methods. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were calculated based on Arnon (1949) and total protein contents were according to Bradford (1976). Compared to control groups, acid control, 50, 100 and 200 ?M concentrations respectively showed a slight decrease in chlorophyll a (~6,57, ~3,61, ~8,88 and ~8,22%), chlorophyll b (~22,11, ~21,60, ~21,60 and ~1,00%), total chlorophyll (~11,76, ~11,96, ~21,60 and ~11,37) and carotenoid (no change, ~7,03, ~6,25 and ~7,81) contents whereas an increase was observed in chlorophyll a/b (~4,19, ~15,05, ~12,75 and ~12,29) contents. Besides, total protein content was also found to increase depending on the applied Al concentration. In all plant parts, concentrations of Ca, Cu, K, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn decreased in relation to increasing Al concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µM). From nutrients, Na had the lowest value in roots of control group, the highest value in the acid control group, and showed a decrease toward 200 ?M concentration group with increasing Al concentration.Moreover, RAPD and ISSR analyses demonstrated the appearance of new band formations and variations in band intensities. Therefore, this work showed that RAPD and ISSR techniques can be effectively employed in genotoxicity, environmental toxicology and Al toxicity-related studies

DNA fingerprinting and assessment of some physiological changes in Al-induced Bryophyllum daigremontianum clones

Vardar, Filiz/0000-0002-1051-5628; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker/0000-0002-0825-5951WOS: 000470332600011PubMed: 30911971Aluminum (Al) is one of the most important stress factors that reduce plant productivity in acidic soils. Present work thereby analyzed Al-induced genomic alterations in Bryophyllum daigremontianum clones using RAPD and ISSR markers, and investigated responding changes in photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, b, a/b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents and total soluble protein amounts in plant leaves. The main reason for the use of bulbiferous spurs originated clone plants was to increase reliability and acceptability of RAPD and ISSR techniques in DNA fingerprinting. Raised 40 clone plants were divided into five separate groups each with eight individuals and each experimental group was watered with 0 (control), 0 (acid control), 50, 100 and 200 mu M AlCl3-containing Hoagland solutions on alternate days for two and a half months. All plant soils except control group were sprayed with 0.2% sulfuric acid following watering days and this contributed acidic characteristic (pH 4.8) to soil structure. Increase in Al concentrations were accompanied by an increase in total soluble protein amounts, a decrease in photosynthetic pigment contents, and with appearance, disappearance and intensity changes at RAPD and ISSR band profiles. Out of tested RAPD1-25 and ISSR1-15 primers, RAPD8, RAPD9, ISSR2 and ISSR7 primers produced reproducible band profiles that were distinguishable between treatment and control groups. Findings showed that RAPD and ISSR fingerprints have been useful biomarkers for investigation of plant genotoxicity, especially in clone plants. Moreover, if these fingerprints are integrated with other physiological parameters they could become more powerful tools in ecotoxicology.Duzce University Research FundDuzce University [2015.05.01.376]This project is supported by Duzce University Research Fund. Project Number: 2015.05.01.376