ANALYSIS OF IQBAL'S POETRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION

Every artist reflects the culture and civilization in which he reaches the age of consciousness, in his writings. In Allama Iqbal's poetry, glimpses of the different nations living in India and the civilization born from their cooperation are seen consciously and unconsciously, sometimes he creates religious characters to express it, and sometimes he describes the social style and philosophy of the people living in his surroundings by using poetic figures. The beauty of his poetry is that he takes care of all the aspects related to a specific culture. He has also described this cultural diversity in his style of expression and choice of poetic vocabulary; thus, his poetry emerges as a representative of Indian civilization and culture. In this paper, Allama Iqbal's poetry has been examined in the background of Indian culture and civilization

Muhammad Hameed Shahid’s Concept of Death in Matti Adam Khati hai’

The human is the major topic of Muhammad Hameed Shahid's novel "Matti Adam Khati hai". In this novel Hameed Shahid has described man's sadness, melancholy, helplessness, susceptibleness, conspiracies, and poverty prevails the whole novel. There is not even a single character in the novel, who is not stung by heartsickness. The feudal class has always socially exploited the poor class. The whole philosophy of the novel has been given in the novel "Admi k Naam" dedication. The love of the man towards his land is as old as his history. Because man is created out of dust and vanishes into dust. For the love of his land, he becomes cruel towards others and for personal benefits. He goes to do something illegitimate. Man is extremely selfish that does not refrain himself even from killing someone

ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND BLINDNESS AMONG OLDER POPULATION

Introduction: Visual impairment is a major global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 161 million persons worldwide with visual impairment, in the year 2002. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the frequency of visual impairment and blindness among older population. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in THQ Hospital, Jatoi, Muzaffargarh during March 2018 to November 2018. The data was collected from the old age patients (50 to 70 years) of both genders. There are 100 participants who were enrolled for this study. The data was collected through a questionnaire. All patients were diagnosed for causes of visual impairment by ophthalmologists. During the study, the primary cause of visual impairment was recorded based on ophthalmologist diagnosis. Further examination was performed by optometrists at the low vision clinic to assess visual acuity, refraction, and visual demands. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients. The average age of the study group was 50.53 ± 16.245 years. The majority of the study population (80%) were under 70 years. Levels of visual impairment among patients were classified according to the WHO standards, which are based on patient’s BCVA. A total of 16 patients (19.3%) had mild visual impairment (VA 6≥18), 60 patients (45.2%) had moderate visual impairment (VA 6/18 to 6/60), 7 patients (20.0%) had severe visual impairment (VA 6/60 to 3/60), and 17 patients (15.6%) were blind (VA <3/60). Conclusion: It is concluded that the least recorded cause of visual impairment was glaucoma. Furthermore, one physician measured visual acuity and one ophthalmologist determined the cause of visual impairment and this might limit the accuracy of the diagnosis

Factors Contributing To Absenteeism In Undergraduates Nursing Students.

Absenteeism is an act of being excessively away from educational institute which is a major indiscipline problem among students globally. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected by using by self-administered questionnaire from nursing students of 13 nursing colleges offering 4-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program in Punjab province of Pakistan after taking care of all the ethical considerations. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 130 participants from nursing institutes offering 4 year BSN program. Most influential factors for absenteeism identified were ‘not joined nursing studies as per choice’ (mean=3.77), ‘awaking up late for college’ (mean=3.62), ‘impending assignments’ (mean=3.),‘feel bored with certain subjects’ (mean=3.46),‘when teachers teaching skills are not up to mark’ (mean=3.67), ‘Lack of proper guidance in clinical area’ (mean=3.94), ‘shortage of staff in clinical area’ (mean=3.88), ‘Not want to be treated as workforce in clinical area’ (mean=3.82) very exhaustive and rigid or irregular timetable’ (mean=3.81). Nursing student’s absenteeism is interplay of multiple modifiable factors. Hence, necessary steps may be taken to overcome these modifiable factors to improve the quality of nursing education

Workplace Internet Leisure and Employee Productivity: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

There is an ongoing discussion on the role of workplace internet leisure (WIL) and whether it is a vice or virtue. Considering this, Current study is aimed to examine the effects of Workplace internet leisure on employee productivity with mediating role of employee engagement in the Army health care sector of Pakistan. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires from Armed forces nursing officers of different Army hospitals and institutes through convenience sampling size of 300.SPSS model macro Version 3 (Hayes, 2018) was used to analyze the respondents’ feedback. For analysis of workplace internet leisure influence on employee engagement regression is calculated and results indicates that workplace internet leisure has positive and significance impact on employee engagement, while work place internet leisure has positive but insignificance impacts on employee productivity. Additionally, indirect analysis is calculated for mediation analysis, results indicate that employee engagement positively mediates association between workplace internet leisure and employees productivity. Keywords: Workplace internet leisure (WIL), Employee productivity (EP), Employee engagement (EE), Self-determination theory(SDT), Job demand-resource model (JDR

WHAT LIES AHEAD FOR POST-PANDEMIC URBAN TOURISM IN JAKARTA? AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING TOURISM RESOURCES AND THEIR MARKETING STRATEGIES

The purpose of this study is to present a brief overview of urban tourism resources in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia and to assess what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for them in the post-pandemic world. The study is derived from students project assignment which explore Jakarta’s urban tourism resources, namely the historic area of Jakarta Old Town, the Betawi native ethnic group village of Setu Babakan, and the cultural theme park Miniature of Beautiful Indonesia. The study employs observations and interviews with managers of these tourists’ sites as well as visitors. A SWOT analysis is done after data were gathered. From field observations it can be confirmed that the three areas exhibit some characteristics of contemporary urban tourism. However, albeit each is in different stage of development, they face similar challenges in tourism marketing, developing interpretation, and communicating their values. Opportunities in the post-pandemic world for these three different places are the latest changes in tourists’ preference for outdoor setting and spacious area

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications in a prospective population‐based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two‐level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Just like a people of the whole world who are divided into different families, clans and nations despite being the offspring’s of one Adam, the languages that they speak also appear to have the same origin despite having various kinds and like the people who speak them have associations and relationship. Allah has called the variations and disparities of languages one of his signs (Surah Room, Ayat No. 22). There is a deep connection between philology and anthropology. Whenever the history of a language is studies, then human race was mentioned first that used to peak or speak that language. In this regards, those economical, cultural and social conditions were also studied as they are one of the factors and elements that influence a language.  The paper under consideration would focus on the linguistic similarities of Urdu and Punjabi, and the reasons for these similarities would not be discussed as it will be a long account which cannot be expressed in a few pages. While pinpointing the linguistic similarities of Urdu and Punjabi, only structural, phonetics amp; seismology from selected chapters would be presented as a whole book would be required to write on every aspect and every chapter of this topic.</p