Enhancement Techniques and Methods for Brain MRI Imaging

In this paper, it is planned to review and compare the different methods of enhancing a DICOM of brain MRIused in preprocessing and segmentation techniques. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning an image into multiple segments, so as to change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. This paper describes the different segmentation techniques used in the field of ultrasound, MR image and SAR Image Processing. In preprocessing and enhancement stage is used to eliminate the noise and high frequency components from DICOM image. In this paper, various Preprocessing and Enhancement Technique, Segmentation Algorithm and their compared

A Survey of Brain Tumour Segmentation Methods- A Review

Brain tumor segmentation aims to separate the different tumor tissues such as active cells, necrotic core, and edema from normal brain tissues of White Matter (WM), Gray Matter (GM), and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). MRI based brain tumor segmentation studies are attracting more and more attention in recent years due to non-invasive imaging and good soft tissue contrast of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. With the development of almost two decades, the innovative approaches applying computer-aided techniques for segmenting brain tumo rare becoming more and more mature and coming closer to routine clinical applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of MRI-based brain tumor segmentation methods

Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour of TV Viewer Respondents in Indore, India to Selected Convenience Products

Television is a very influential media for delivering information. Television advertising is the best viewed and economical media ever invented. It has a possible advertising impact matchless by any other media (Saxena, 2005). Hence, it is necessary that research studies on the factors influencing consumer behavior towards television advertisements should be undertaken to understand their mindset in a better way and generate more reliable data with particular attention to product/service specific, region specific, group-specific, demographic variable specific and occasion specific studies. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the consumer behavior towards selected convenience products on the basis of frequently viewed television advertisements. A sample of 400 users selected randomly was studied. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were treated statistically using Principal Component Method of Factor Analysis and correlation. The analysis revealed that TV advertisements have significant impact upon the attitude of consumers towards selected convenience products. Eight major factors were found to be influential in determining the attitude of consumers towards TV advertisements. These factors were purchase motivating, value addition, positive recollection, credibility, efficacy, significance, influential, persuasive. The results suggest that TV advertisements provide much reliable information to the consumers about the products and also influence them in purchasing the product. The findings of the study will be helpful for the manufacturer/service providers, ad agencies and the research scholars for the designing of effective television advertisement

ASCORBIC ACID AS A GROWTH ADJUVANT IN ENCAPSULATED PROTOCORM-LIKE-BODIES OF RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA BL. (ORCHIDACEAE)

In the present study, effect of ascorbic acid, a known growth adjuvant on encapsulated protocorm-like-bodies (PLBs) of Rhynchostylis retusa Bl. was investigated. PLBs were encapsulated in calcium alginate (3.5% sodium alginate and 100mM calcium chloride) prepared in Mitra et al. (1976) basal medium and supplemented with different concentration of ascorbic acid (5, 10, 15, 20mM). The encapsulated PLBs were stored at 25°C. Their germination response and germination potential was evaluated after every 4 weeks on basal media. Control set of encapsulated PLBs, failed to germinate after 32 weeks. However, PLBs with 15mM ascorbic acid in the encapsulated matrix showed the best response; nearly 90% germinated even after 32 weeks of storage. The survival and germination frequency was directly proportional to the level of ascorbic acid in the alginate mix upto 15mM level but declined on further increase. Differentiation of PLBs into plantlet was better in synthetic seeds containing lower concentration of ascorbic acid (5mM) as compared to higher levels (15, 20mM) whereas multiplication of secondary PLBs was more pronounced at higher levels. Chlorophyll content was inversely proportional to the level of ascorbic acid in the nutrient mix; lush green PLBs were observed at low concentration of ascorbic acid (5mM). This study highlights the potential of ascorbic acid as an aid to growth and survival of encapsulated PLBs upon storage

Comparative Analysis of Lossless Image Compression Based On Row By Row Classifier and Various Encoding Schemes on Color Images

ABSTRACT Lossless image compression is needed in many fields like medical imaging, telemetry, geophysics, remote sensing and other applications, which require exact replica of original image and loss of information is not tolerable. In this paper, a near lossless image compression algorithm based on row by row classifier with encoding schemes like Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW), Huffman and Run Length Encoding (RLE) on color images is proposed. The algorithm divides the image into three parts R, G and B, apply row by row classification on each part and result of this classification is records in the mask image. After classification the image data is decomposed into two sequences each for R, G and B and mask image is hidden in them. These sequences are encoded using different encoding schemes like LZW, Huffman and RLE. An exhaustive comparative analysis is performed to evaluate these techniques, which reveals that the proposed algorithm have smaller bits per pixel (bpp) than simple LZW, Huffman and RLE encoding techniques

Assessment and comparison of four lab made tris-base extenders for preservation of Labrador retriever dog semen at 4ºC

131-139The present study was aimed to develop a most effective extender for long term storage of Labrador dog semen at 4oC. Tris-citric acid-fructose was supplemented with egg yolk (TEY), egg yolk plasma (TEYP), low density lipoproteins (TLDL) and coconut water (TCW) @10, 15 and 20; 10, 15 and 20; 11-15; and 25, 50 and 75 percent, respectively. Extended semen was stored at 4oC and analyzed for sperm attributes and lipid peroxidation. Values for motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity remained significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 15% TEY, 15% TEYP, 13% TLDL and 25%/50% TCW from 0 hr to 72 hrs of storage. It indicated superiority of 15% TEY, 15% TEYP, 13% TLDL and 25% /50% TCW over other concentrations for storage of Labrador dog semen at 4oC. A significant (p < 0.05) decline in motility, viability and membrane integrity was observed from 0-72 hrs of preservation in all extenders, but sperm attributes were still >50% at 72 hrs of preservation. Decline was comparatively less in 15% TEY, 15% TEYP, 25%/50% TCW and 13% TLDL compared to other concentrations. Values for acrosome integrity also differ significantly (p > 0.05) among different concentrations of extenders except TEY. Lipid peroxidation did not vary among different extenders except TEY. In conclusion, both 15% TEY and 15% TEYP were better than 13% TLDL and 25% TCW. TEY extender may be substituted with TEYP for preservation of dog semen at 4°C and further interventions may improve TLDL and TCW extenders

“Many are bad at involving children and young people” : A qualitative study of how social workers enable children and young people's participation

The purpose of this study is to examine how social workers work in order to enable children and young people's participation during a child protection investigation and how they experience the Convention on the Rights of the Child have changed the conditions of their work. To address the aim of the study, we have interviewed five social workers who work with children and young people at the social services office in four different municipalities in Stockholm county. To analyze the empirical data, we have used two theoretical frameworks; Shier’s Pathways to Participation and New Institutional Theory of Organizations. The results of this study indicate that social workers find it hard to define children and young people's participation, which leads to different ways of working. There are obstacles such as a parental focus and organizational conditions, such as time constraints, workload and budget cuts, which complicate social workers' work with children and young people's participation. Furthermore, we find that the Convention on the Right of the Child as a law has not had a major impact on social workers' practical work with children and young people's participation in child protection investigations.

“Many are bad at involving children and young people” : A qualitative study of how social workers enable children and young people's participation

The purpose of this study is to examine how social workers work in order to enable children and young people's participation during a child protection investigation and how they experience the Convention on the Rights of the Child have changed the conditions of their work. To address the aim of the study, we have interviewed five social workers who work with children and young people at the social services office in four different municipalities in Stockholm county. To analyze the empirical data, we have used two theoretical frameworks; Shier’s Pathways to Participation and New Institutional Theory of Organizations. The results of this study indicate that social workers find it hard to define children and young people's participation, which leads to different ways of working. There are obstacles such as a parental focus and organizational conditions, such as time constraints, workload and budget cuts, which complicate social workers' work with children and young people's participation. Furthermore, we find that the Convention on the Right of the Child as a law has not had a major impact on social workers' practical work with children and young people's participation in child protection investigations.