Steganography based image compression

The intention of image compression is to discard worthless data from image so as to shrink the quantity of data bits favored for image depiction, to lessen the storage space, broadcast bandwidth and time. Likewise, data hiding convenes scenarios by implanting the unfamiliar data into a picture in invisibility manner. The review offers, a method of image compression approaches by using DWT transform employing steganography scheme together in combination of SPIHT to compress an image

HIF-1α contributing to COVID-19 infections and poor prognosis in cancer patients – A hypothesis

In 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infecting Humans first identified in Wuhan, China, has caused the worst pandemic of the 21st century. This virus infection leads to the clinical symptoms that may range from asymptomatic condition to life-threatening illness. The insights from the recent studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 requires a host enzyme, Furin to activate receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its S protein. Upon binding of RBD to host cell membrane-bound Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme 2 (ACE2), it facilitates the entry of virus in the host cell. Evidence from the literature also suggests that HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α) is one of the factors regulating the expression of Furin. In addition, it is also well documented that the interior of solid tumours, which grow very fast, leads to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, resulting in overexpression and release of HIF-1α. The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe tissue damage and inflammatory injury also suffer from tissue hypoxia. So, we hypothesize that hypoxic condition due to tumour microenvironment in cancer patients upregulates the HIF-1α, leading to increased expression of Furin. Upon infection of cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 having increased Furin expression in the cells due to upregulation of HIF-1α, leads to the entry of a greater number of SARS-CoV-2 virus in these cells resulting in severe infection. The vicious cycle of the virus infection in which virus is more easily invaded into surrounding tissue leads to the involvement of multiple organs and ultimately poor prognosis in the disease outcome. Therefore, we suggest evaluating the expression of HIF-1α in SARS-CoV-2 infections at an early phase of infection particularly in patients with comorbidities like solid malignancies as well as patients having signs and symptoms of hypoxia. It is also suggested that continuous monitoring of the SpO2 level and early institution of preventive O2 therapy at an early stage in these patients may lead to lesser morbidity as well as mortality in COVID-19 patients

HIF-1α contributing to COVID-19 infections and poor prognosis in cancer patients – A hypothesis

670-675In 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infecting Humans first identified in Wuhan, China, has caused the worst pandemic of the 21st century. This virus infection leads to the clinical symptoms that may range from asymptomatic condition to life-threatening illness. The insights from the recent studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 requires a host enzyme, Furin to activate receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its S protein. Upon binding of RBD to host cell membrane-bound Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme 2 (ACE2), it facilitates the entry of virus in the host cell. Evidence from the literature also suggests that HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α) is one of the factors regulating the expression of Furin. In addition, it is also well documented that the interior of solid tumours, which grow very fast, leads to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, resulting in overexpression and release of HIF-1α. The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with severe tissue damage and inflammatory injury also suffer from tissue hypoxia. So, we hypothesize that hypoxic condition due to tumour microenvironment in cancer patients upregulates the HIF-1α, leading to increased expression of Furin. Upon infection of cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 having increased Furin expression in the cells due to upregulation of HIF-1α, leads to the entry of a greater number of SARS-CoV-2 virus in these cells resulting in severe infection. The vicious cycle of the virus infection in which virus is more easily invaded into surrounding tissue leads to the involvement of multiple organs and ultimately poor prognosis in the disease outcome. Therefore, we suggest evaluating the expression of HIF-1α in SARS-CoV-2 infections at an early phase of infection particularly in patients with comorbidities like solid malignancies as well as patients having signs and symptoms of hypoxia. It is also suggested that continuous monitoring of the SpO2 level and early institution of preventive O2 therapy at an early stage in these patients may lead to lesser morbidity as well as mortality in COVID-19 patients

Glycyrrhiza Genus: enlightening phytochemical components for pharmacological and health-promoting abilities

The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites’ composition and bioactive effects

A systematic review of lignocellulosic biomass for remediation of environmental pollutants

Lignocellulosic wastes are the most promising feedstock, as they are the most inexpensive and abundantly renewable natural resource. The abundance of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in feedstocks has been shown to be effective in eliminating persistent contaminants. Environmental issues, including the accumulation of agricultural waste, waste water treatment, and air pollution, could be resolved by producing value-added products like activated carbon from these wastes. Several biomass wastes were used to produce activated carbon using a two-step processing method that involved oxygen-free carbonisation and activation. This study examines the methods for making biochar from different lignocellulosic biomass sources. Furthermore, biochar modification significantly modifies surface area and pore volume. To determine the fundamental characteristics of biochar and to evaluate its potential for use in a variety of environmental applications, physical and chemical characterizations are required. Various widely used modern analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Raman spectroscopy, have been reviewed in this work. The potential mechanisms through which lignocellulosic biochars may absorb pollutants are outlined. In general, this review highlights the significance and potential of activated carbon formed from waste products for environmental remediation, demonstrating that biomass-originated activated carbon could have a significant impact on increasing economic viability and efficiently protecting the environment

Secondary Manifestation of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis on Tongue: A Rare Case

Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (BPA) most commonly complicates the course of bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis. The clinical presentation of allergic BPA (ABPA) is very similar to pulmonary tuberculosis, and signs and symptoms are usually poorly-controlled asthma, hemoptysis, and expectoration of mucus plugs, malaise, and fever. Intraoral presentation of aspergillosis is relatively a very rare condition, and the most commonly affected sites are the gingivae, followed by maxillary sinus, hard plate, soft plate, and tongue. Here, we are presenting a rare case report of nonhealing ulcer on right lateral border of tongue secondary to ABPA

To study demographic profile, risk stratification, and response to treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the most common leukemia in India. The annual incidence of CML in India was originally reported to be 0.82.2 per 100,000 population. CML is a clonal disorder that is usually easily diagnosed by the Philadelphia chromosome. The approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has significantly reduced the mortality rate associated with CML and revolutionized treatment. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with CML were studied. Investigations were done and with European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) patients were stratified into low- and high-risk group and then treatment with Imatinib was given to all patients and molecular response was evaluated. Results: In the study population, out of 80 patients, 40 were female and 40 were male with M: F is 1:1. Out of total 80 patients', maximum patients (54) were in 31-60 years age group. Our study showed that the most common symptom of presentation is abdominal discomfort followed by fever. Out of total 80 patients, 25 (31.3%) patients had high EUTOS score and 55 (68.8%) patients had low EUTOS score. On 6 months' follow-up, 36.3% patients had complete molecular response, 16.3% patients had major molecular response and 47.5% patients had no molecular response, but on 12 months' follow-up, 71.3% patients had complete molecular response, 16.25% patients had major molecular response, and 12.5% patients had no molecular response. Conclusion: In this observational study, we found a significant correlation between EUTOS score and molecular response at 6 months and 12 months follow-up after Imatinib therapy