Differential Effects of Male and Female Reading Tutors Based on Boys’ Gendered Views of Reading

This study examined the effects of the gender of reading tutors on 173 third and fourth grade mainly inner‐city boys identified as struggling readers. Reading achievement (Alberta Diagnostic Reading Program) and reader self‐perceptions (Readers’ Self‐Perception Scale) were monitored over a 22‐week reading intervention. Findings indicated that the gender of the reading tutors had no effect on reader self‐perceptions in boys who viewed reading as masculine or gender neutral; boys who viewed reading as feminine responded better to female tutors than to male tutors in developing their self‐perceptions as readers. The gender of the tutor had no significant effect on boys’ reading achievement in either group. Key words: same gender role models, reading attitudes, reading perceptions Dans cet article, les auteurs analysent les effets du sexe du tuteur en lecture sur 173 garçons en 3e ou en 4e année, provenant principalement de quartiers défavorisés et identifiés comme ayant des difficultés en lecture. Le rendement en lecture (Alberta Diagnostic Reading Program) et les autoper‐ ceptions des lecteurs (Readers’ Self‐Perception Scale) ont été observés tout au long des 22 semaines de l’intervention. Les résultats indiquent que le sexe de la personne qui assure le tutorat en lectu‐ re n’avait aucun effet sur les autoperceptions du lecteur chez les garçons qui considèrent la lectu‐ re comme une activité s’adressant tout autant aux garçons qu’aux filles ; par contre, les garçons pour qui la lecture est une activité féminine réussissent mieux à s’identifier comme des lecteurs s’ils travaillent avec des tutrices plutôt qu’avec des tuteurs. Le sexe de la personne qui assurait le tutorat n’avait aucun effet significatif sur le rendement en lecture des garçons dans l’un ou l’autre groupe. Mots clés : tuteurs de lecture, tutrices de lecture, attitudes envers la lecture, rendement en lecture, élèves en difficulté de lecture, lecteurs de sexe masculin.

Under the paving stones, the beach

Under the paving stones, the beach investigates the human labor that goes into sustaining life inside of a luxury condominium on Brooklyn’s newly redeveloped East River waterfront. The rhythms of labor and leisure occasionally synchronize as we sense the physical, psychological and environmental limits of our current way of life

The Photon Underproduction Crisis

We examine the statistics of the low-redshift Lyman-alpha forest from smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations in light of recent improvements in the estimated evolution of the cosmic ultraviolet background (UVB) and recent observations from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). We find that the value of the metagalactic photoionization rate required by our simulations to match the observed properties of the low-redshift Lyman-alpha forest is a factor of 5 larger than the value predicted by state-of-the art models for the evolution of this quantity. This mismatch results in the mean flux decrement of the Lyman-alpha forest being underpredicted by at least a factor of 2 (a 10-sigma discrepancy with observations) and a column density distribution of Lyman-alpha forest absorbers systematically and significantly elevated compared to observations over nearly two decades in column density. We examine potential resolutions to this mismatch and find that either conventional sources of ionizing photons (galaxies and quasars) must be significantly elevated relative to current observational estimates or our theoretical understanding of the low-redshift universe is in need of substantial revision.Comment: Submitted to ApJ Letters; 6 pages including 3 figure

Archeota, Fall/Winter 2022

Archeota is a platform for SJSU iSchool students to contribute to the archival conversation. It is written BY students, FOR students. It provides substantive content on archival concerns and issues and promotes professional development in the field of archival studies. Archeota upholds the core values of the archival profession. Contents: The Forward Club: Archival Outreach and Community Connections By Sarah Lewis Putting the Spotlight on Women’s History: The Significance of Reevaluating Historic Site Narratives By Lawrence Mullen Meet the 2022-2023 Archeota Team Farm to Folder: Found Ephemera Joins the Dziekanowski Farm Papers Collection By Emma Ruff An Archivists’ Evolving Role By Amanda Galvez My Journey to Becoming a Certified Archivist: A Five-Year Process By Heather Reinold Farewell to Our Fall 2022 Graduates Interviews With SAA Student Chapter Leaders The Katz Family Archive: A Reflection on Identity and Artifact Ownership By Kit Katz The Writer’s Guild Foundation: Interning in the Shalverson-Webb Library By Rachael Sevilla SJSU SAA Student Chapter 2022-2023 Board SJSU SAA Student Chapter Past Events 2022-2023https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/saasc_archeota/1016/thumbnail.jp

Astrocyte-Specific Expression Patterns Associated with the PDGF-Induced Glioma Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment contains normal, non-neoplastic cells that may contribute to tumor growth and maintenance. Within PDGF-driven murine gliomas, tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) are a large component of the tumor microenvironment. The function of non-neoplastic astrocytes in the glioma microenvironment has not been fully elucidated; moreover, the differences between these astrocytes and normal astrocytes are unknown. We therefore sought to identify genes and pathways that are increased in TAAs relative to normal astrocytes and also to determine whether expression of these genes correlates with glioma behavior.We compared the gene expression profiles of TAAs to normal astrocytes and found the Antigen Presentation Pathway to be significantly increased in TAAs. We then identified a gene signature for glioblastoma (GBM) TAAs and validated the expression of some of those genes within the tumor. We also show that TAAs are derived from the non-tumor, stromal environment, in contrast to the Olig2+ tumor cells that constitute the neoplastic elements in our model. Finally, we validate this GBM TAA signature in patients and show that a TAA-derived gene signature predicts survival specifically in the human proneural subtype of glioma.Our data identifies unique gene expression patterns between populations of TAAs and suggests potential roles for stromal astrocytes within the glioma microenvironment. We show that certain stromal astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment express a GBM-specific gene signature and that the majority of these stromal astrocyte genes can predict survival in the human disease

Identification of a candidate gene for a QTL for spikelet number per spike on wheat chromosome arm 7AL by high-resolution genetic mapping.

Key messageA high-resolution genetic map combined with haplotype analyses identified a wheat ortholog of rice gene APO1 as the best candidate gene for a 7AL locus affecting spikelet number per spike. A better understanding of the genes controlling differences in wheat grain yield components can accelerate the improvements required to satisfy future food demands. In this study, we identified a promising candidate gene underlying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on wheat chromosome arm 7AL regulating spikelet number per spike (SNS). We used large heterogeneous inbred families ( > 10,000 plants) from two crosses to map the 7AL QTL to an 87-kb region (674,019,191-674,106,327 bp, RefSeq v1.0) containing two complete and two partial genes. In this region, we found three major haplotypes that were designated as H1, H2 and H3. The H2 haplotype contributed the high-SNS allele in both H1 × H2 and H2 × H3 segregating populations. The ancestral H3 haplotype is frequent in wild emmer (48%) but rare (~ 1%) in cultivated wheats. By contrast, the H1 and H2 haplotypes became predominant in modern cultivated durum and common wheat, respectively. Among the four candidate genes, only TraesCS7A02G481600 showed a non-synonymous polymorphism that differentiated H2 from the other two haplotypes. This gene, designated here as WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1), is an ortholog of the rice gene ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (APO1), which affects spikelet number. Taken together, the high-resolution genetic map, the association between polymorphisms in the different mapping populations with differences in SNS, and the known role of orthologous genes in other grass species suggest that WAPO-A1 is the most likely candidate gene for the 7AL SNS QTL among the four genes identified in the candidate gene region