Working Smarter with a Large Urban School District Implementing School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports: A Systematic Process to External Coaching

School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports (SWPBIS) create an environment within the school that prevents problem behaviors via promotion of prosocial and learning behaviors. The framework of SWPBIShas built within it a system for evaluation, in which the school is evaluated as a unit. External SWPBIS coaches guide schools to engage in ongoing progress monitoring and action planning to direct PBIS efforts and facilitate accurate implementation of the key SWPBIS features. The reliability and concurrent validity of the current SWPBIS evaluations need to be established. Additionally, the ability of large urban school systems to implement SWPBIS with fidelity need to continue to be examined.Finally, the effectiveness of providing evidence-based recommendations in a systematic format via external coaching to improve schools\u27 fidelity of implementation of the key features of SWPBIS will be evaluated as a means for coaching a large number of schools with a system. Eighteen schools in a large urban system comprised the study sample.The current study found that the evaluations had mixed reliability results but lacked concurrent validity. Evaluation results reveal that a large urban school system can implement SWPBIS with fidelity. Additionally, an external coaching procedure improved the results of one of the evaluations. Revisions to the evaluation tools should be considered to improve their reliability and validity. Urban school systems should support sustainment of SWPBIS efforts to promote appropriate behaviors. External coaches should approach working with school systems in a systematic method to improve the schools\u27 effective implementation of SWPBIS

Cultural issues in death and dying.

Although all of us experience death, not all of us think about death or respond to death the same way. This study begins to explore how cultural traditions, education, and tenure in Hawaii impact views of advanced directives, organ donation, suicide, and euthanasia. This information is useful to physicians who need to engage patients and families in discussions about death and end-of-life decision making

Homeless Women with Children in Shelters: The Institutionalization of Family Life

In this chapter, we examine the shelter experience for homeless mothers, particularly those with young children. We review the literature on women with children living in homeless shelters and draw from the findings of our research on homeless women living in shelters and transitional housing in the midwestern United States from 1990 through 2002. This research included in-depth interviews conducted over a twelve-year period with almost 200 women residing in emergency homeless shelters, battered women\u27s shelters, or transitional housing for single-parent families. For this chapter, we draw from the data on sheltered homeless mothers living with or separated from their children. We begin with a consideration of the pathways to the shelter for these families

The Only Thing You Really Got is this Minute: Homeless Women Re-visioning the Future

As we enter the millennium, growing numbers of women and children join the ranks of the homeless around the globe. 1 Common factors contributing to homelessness include the feminization of poverty, a shortage of affordable low-income housing and welfare policies focused on short-term relief. Unique factors include war and political upheaval that produce a mobile population of refugees who are homeless. In thinking about the corning millennium, feminists are challenged to envision a future where the economics and politics of gender do not inevitably produce poverty and homelessness. Homelessness in women\u27s lives is both a symptom and an outcome of their economic dependence within the private household and the wage-labour market. Women become homeless when relationships end and economic support is withdrawn, labour does not generate a living wage, illness drains the family resources, or other factors intersect to make them vulnerable. In addition, homelessness often occurs in the aftermath of natural disasters, such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes, and man-made disasters such as wars. Women and children are the most visible among the displaced; in Central America 90 percent of the families living in refugee camps are headed by women.

Waterlogging increases the infestation level of the pest psyllid Creiis lituratus on Eucalyptus dunnii

The lerp-forming psyllid, Creiis lituratus Froggatt, is the most damaging pest of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden plantations growing in north-eastern New South Wales. During the past 10 years there have been numerous reports that stands of E. dunnii planted on low-lying areas that were prone to waterlogging were also prone to infestation by C. lituratus. The objective of this shadehouse study was to determine whether C. lituratus prefers young E. dunnii exposed to intermittent waterlogging compared with other treatments (drought, normal watering and a control using normal watering plus an insecticide). Also we assessed whether the nutritional status of E. dunnii foliage, in particular amino acid content, differed between watering treatments. Field-collected C. lituratus adults were released into the shadehouse three months after establishing the watering treatments to individually-potted E. dunnii arranged in a 14 × 6 randomised design. Three months after release of the psyllids, we counted significantly more eggs and nymphs present on the plants subjected to intermittent waterlogging compared with the other treatments. Applying general linear modelling (GLM) and Akaike\u27s information criterion (AIC) we found that the best model included both watering treatment and plant structure (through height and diameter), with psyllid infestation (eggs + nymphs) significantly higher on the waterlogged plants and significantly lower in the drought treatment compared with the normal watering treatment. The application of the generalised estimating equations technique to foliar content of individual amino acids and nutrients did not reveal a clear association with watering treatment or psyllid infestation. Most of the significant differences in amino acid content between treatments were between plants watered normally but with or without the systemic insecticide imidacloprid applied as a soil drench. No eggs or nymphal stages were recorded on the plants treated with imidacloprid. This trial demonstrated that the psyllid C. lituratus has a preference for young E. dunnii subjected to periodic waterlogging. Plantation growers can improve their site-species match for E. dunnii by avoiding sites prone to waterlogging

Emotion Regulation in Consumption: Antecedents and Consequences

While people often feel “ruled by their passions,” individuals can and do exert substantial control over their emotional experiences. A growing body of literature in psychology suggests that the various ways emotions are regulated can have considerable impact on both the emotional experience and other psychological processes. Over three essays, this work examines how individuals regulate their emotions, when they are motivated to do so, and why these concepts are important for consumer behavior. In the first essay, I investigate how emotions are managed by looking at one specific emotion regulation strategy: attention deployment. Using experimental methods, I determine that individuals naturally use attention deployment to regulate their emotions, but the effectiveness varies with the emotion being regulated. After establishing attention deployment as a viable emotion regulation strategy, the second essay asks when individuals are motivated to change their emotions. I propose that identities are associated with discrete emotions, and that these associations give rise to emotion profiles that describe appropriate emotional experiences for individuals with that active identity. The studies reported in the second essay establish that social identities have associations to specific emotions, these associations differ between identities, and the emotion-identity relationships lead to outcomes in cognition, affect, motivation, and regulation. Additional experiments demonstrate that individuals engage in emotion regulation to reduce (enhance) their experience of emotions which are inconsistent (consistent) with the identity’s emotion profile. In the third and final essay, I connect emotion regulation and emotion profiles to marketing and consumer outcomes. Four studies show that experiencing emotions consistent with the identity’s emotion profile enhances persuasion, product choice, and consumption—even for identity-unrelated products and advertisements. Ultimately, consequences for the framing and positioning of identity-relevant products are drawn. Across the three essays, I investigate how, when and why emotion regulation processes influence consumer outcomes. From identifying a specific emotion regulation strategy, to introducing the concept of emotion profiles, new insights into the emotion regulation process are provided. These findings suggest that emotion regulation has widespread impact on consumer outcomes, and represents a new viewpoint on how the emotion experience varies by individual

Student Involvement in Curriculum Development Enhances Medical Education

Background: During the 2014 annual review of the curriculum for first year medical students at the Medical College of Georgia, the public health module was noted as an area that needed improvement. To address this concern, a Public Health Curriculum Workgroup was formed for the purpose of identifying specific areas to improve and developing a more robust and integrative curriculum. A small cohort of medical students with public health backgrounds were invited to be members of this workgroup and participate in the development and delivery of public health content to the next cohort of first year medical students. We hypothesized that having this type of student participation results in a more clinically relevant and engaging curriculum. Methods: The curriculum workgroup met weekly to establish learning objectives, prioritize topics, and design interactive activities. The student members contributed to both curricular planning and content delivery. First year medical students completed course evaluations following the public health curriculum. These evaluations included five Likert scale questions and three narrative feedback response questions. Evaluation data before and after student involvement in the curriculum was examined. Results: Student evaluations of the overall quality of the public health curriculum increased 38% from 2014-2016. The measure of how well the content contributed to development as a future physician increased 36%. There was a 33% increase in how well the instructional materials aided understanding of topics. Theming of narrative evaluation comments showed that student involvement in the curriculum was well received. In 2016, 28.4% of narrative comments cited student presentations as the most valuable aspect of their public health experience. Conclusions: Involving medical students with public health backgrounds in curriculum development and content delivery of a public health module for first year medical students led to improvements in overall quality, clinical relevance, and instructional materials

Men’s Satisfaction with General Health Services is Associated with Future Use of HIV Testing in Malawi: A Community-Representative Survey

Across sub-Saharan Africa, men are less likely to know their HIV status than women, leading to later treatment initiation. Little is known about how experiences with general health services affect men's use of HIV testing. We used data from a 2019 community-representative survey of men in Malawi to understand frequency and cause of men's negative health service experiences (defined as men reporting they "would not recommend" a facility) and their association with future HIV testing. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to determine which aspects of health facility visits were associated with would-not-recommend experiences and to determine if would-not-recommend experiences 12-24 months prior to the survey were associated with HIV testing in the 12 months prior to the survey. Among 1,098 men eligible for HIV testing in the 12 months prior to the survey, median age was 34 years; 9% of men reported at least one would-not-recommend experience, which did not differ by sociodemographics, gender norm beliefs, or HIV stigma beliefs. The factors most strongly associated with would-not-recommend experiences were cost (aOR 5.8, 95%CI 2.9-11.4), cleanliness (aOR 4.2, 95%CI 1.8-9.9), medicine availability (aOR 3.3, 95%CI 1.7-6.4), and wait times (aOR 2.7, 95%CI 1.5-5.0). Reporting a would-not-recommend experience 12-24 months ago was associated with a 59% decrease in likelihood of testing for HIV in the last 12 months (aOR 0.41; 95% CI:0.17-0.96). Dissatisfaction with general health services was strongly associated with reduced HIV testing. Coverage of high-priority screening services like HIV testing may benefit from improving overall health system quality

X-linked hypophosphatemia caused by the prevailing North American PHEX variant c.*231A\u3eG; exon 13–15 duplication is often misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis and manifests in both men and women

Inactivating mutations of the gene coding for phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) cause X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). A nove