Om artistnummerets dramaturgi og æstetik

Denne artikel bygger på nogle personlige erfaringer med at arbejde i artistområdet, og mine forsøg på at skabe en teori, der kunne understøtte og udfordre praksis. Det første jeg måtte erkende var, at teaterdramaturgens teori ikke slog til her, og det næste at jeg kunne benytte den som et afsæt til at skitsere en parallel teori for artistnummerets dramaturgi og tilnogle antegninger om æstetikken

Bayesian estimation of qPCR and bacterial culture accuracy for detection of bovine coagulase‐negative staphylococci from milk and teat apex at different test cut‐off points

Aim:To primarily estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of thecommercially available Mastit4 quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and bacterialculture (BC) for diagnosis of intramammary infections (IMI) and teat apexcolonization (TAC) with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) at differentcut-offs for qPCR cycle threshold values using Bayesian latent class analysis. Asecondary objective was to evaluate two cut-offs of BC for diagnosis of IMIand TAC with CNS.Methods and Results:We randomly selected 13–20 cows with subclinicalmastitis from eight dairy herds. Teat skin samples and aseptically collectedforemilk samples were collected from the right hindquarters (n=149) for BCand qPCR analysis. The Se of qPCR was always higher than BCSein diagnosis ofIMI, however; the Sp of BC was higher than qPCRSp.BCSeand BCSpshowed nosubstantial difference between the tested BC cut-offs. In contrast to IMI,estimates of BC and qPCR in diagnosing TAC were different. BCSewas higherthan qPCRSeat all tested cut-offs, however; qPCRSpwas higher than BCSp.Conclusion:The overall performance of qPCR is higher than BC in thediagnosis of IMI; however, the performance of BC is better than qPCR indiagnosis of TAC. The qPCR and BC are valid diagnostics for bovine IMI withCNS. However, for TAC, both techniques require further investigation toreduce the uncertainty of the true status of the quarter and teat skin.Significance and Impact of the Study:We reported, for the first time, thediagnostic performance of new mastitis technology (Mastit4 PCR) and culturefor detection of CNS in milk and nonmilk samples in dairy herds withautomatic milking systems. Our findings will improve the interpretation of thetest results of culture and qPCR assay and subsequently, will strengthen thecontrol of IMI with CNS in dairy cows.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Prevalence of contagious and environmental mastitis-causing bacteria in bulk tank milk and its relationships with milking practices of dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island (Azores)

This study aimed to assess the degree of contamination of bulk tank milk (BTM) by Staphylococcus spp. and coliform bacteria and to identify major milking practices that help perpetuate them in dairy cattle herds in São Miguel Island. In July 2014, BTM was sampled and a survey concerning local milking practices was conducted on 100 herds. Semi quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction detected coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and other coliform bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, andSerratia marcescens) in 100, 75, 59, and 35 % of BTM, respectively. According to multivariable univariate models, on herds not using hot water for cleaning the milking machine and teat liners, there was at least 3.4 more odds (P<0.01) to have S. aureus or coliform bacteria contamination in BTM. The likelihoodoffinding S.aureus inBTMwas higher(P<0.001)on herds without high hygiene during milking, when milking mastitic cows at the end, on abrupt cessation of milking at dry-off, and official milk control implementation. The glove use also favored (odds ratio (OR) 5.8; P<0.01)thedetection ofcoliformbacteriainBTM.Poormilkingpracticesidentified in this study should be avoided in order to decrease S. aureus and coliform bacteria contamination of BTM. Other factors associated with milk quality in São Miguel Island also should be further investigated

Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype IV in Humans and Cattle, Northern Europe

Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging pathogen of nonpregnant human adults worldwide and a reemerging pathogen of dairy cattle in parts of Europe. To learn more about interspecies transmission of this bacterium, we compared contemporaneously collected isolates from humans and cattle in Finland and Sweden. Multilocus sequence typing identified 5 sequence types (STs) (ST1, 8, 12, 23, and 196) shared across the 2 host species, suggesting possible interspecies transmission. More than 54% of the isolates belonged to those STs. Molecular serotyping and pilus island typing of those isolates did not differentiate between populations isolated from different host species. Isolates from humans and cattle differed in lactose fermentation, which is encoded on the accessory genome and represents an adaptation to the bovine mammary gland. Serotype IV-ST196 isolates were obtained from multiple dairy herds in both countries. Cattle may constitute a previously unknown reservoir of this strain.Peer reviewe