The Effects Of Students Predispositions Toward Communication, Learning Styles, And Sex On Academic Achievement

Females are more apprehensive when talking in class, but more nonverbally immediate, and prefer a collaborative learning style.  Males prefer independent and avoidant learning styles, and report learning less than females

Islet autoantibody profiles associated with higher diabetes risk in Lithuanian compared with English schoolchildren

Over a 15 year period, the incidence of type 1 diabetes has doubled in Lithuania, whilst increasing by a third in England, however England still has the higher incidence. Analysis of sera collected from non-diabetic schoolchildren from Lithuania and England more than 20 years ago showed a similar number of multiple autoantibody positive schoolchildren between the populations, but a higher prevalence of islet antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) in English schoolchildren. We aimed to use recently developed, more specific islet autoantibody tests, to characterise differences in humoral autoimmunity between these two general population cohorts in greater detail. Samples from 88 Lithuanian and 133 English schoolchildren previously found islet autoantibody positive were selected for measurement of additional islet autoantibodies by radioimmunoassay. Samples were tested for autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), GAD(96-585), the protein tyrosine phosphatase region of islet antigen-2 (PTPA), and the related IA-2βA while autoantibodies to IA-2A were re-assayed using the current harmonized method. IA-2 related autoantibodies PTPA (0.13% vs. 0.45%, p=0.027) and IA-2βA (0% vs. 0.35%, p<0.001), but not IA-2A measured using the harmonized method, were less common in Lithuanian compared to English schoolchildren. Lithuanian schoolchildren who were islet autoantibody positive, were positive for fewer biochemical autoantibodies compared with English schoolchildren (p=0.043). Background rates of islet autoimmunity in childhood differ subtly between countries which have different incidences of type 1 diabetes. The optimal screening strategy (age and combination of markers) for detection of islet autoimmunity may vary between countries dependent on the pattern of autoantibodies found in the general population

GPR35 promotes glycolysis, proliferation, and oncogenic signaling by engaging with the sodium potassium pump.

The sodium potassium pump (Na/K-ATPase) ensures the electrochemical gradient of a cell through an energy-dependent process that consumes about one-third of regenerated ATP. We report that the G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 interacted with the α chain of Na/K-ATPase and promotes its ion transport and Src signaling activity in a ligand-independent manner. Deletion of Gpr35 increased baseline Ca2+ to maximal levels and reduced Src activation and overall metabolic activity in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In contrast, a common T108M polymorphism in GPR35 was hypermorphic and had the opposite effects to Gpr35 deletion on Src activation and metabolic activity. The T108M polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory diseases with a high cancer risk. GPR35 promoted homeostatic IEC turnover, whereas Gpr35 deletion or inhibition by a selective pepducin prevented inflammation-associated and spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, GPR35 acts as a central signaling and metabolic pacesetter, which reveals an unexpected role of Na/K-ATPase in macrophage and IEC biology.European Research Council Consolidator Grant n° 648889 to A.K. Scientia Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND) grant agreement n° 609020 to G.S. Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust (ACT 25/16A) to J.E.E. UniNA and Compagnia Di San Paolo ‘STAR program for young researchers’ fellowship to E.P

The effects of bioswale construction on groundwater adjacent to I-294 in northern Cook County, Illinois

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Using bioswales to improve the quality of roadway runoff from I-294 in northern Cook County, Illinois

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Alternative Magnesium Sulfate Dosing Regimens for Women With Preeclampsia: A Population Pharmacokinetic Exposure-Response Modeling and Simulation Study

Magnesium sulfate is the anticonvulsant of choice for eclampsia prophylaxis and treatment; however, the recommended dosing regimens are costly and cumbersome and can be administered only by skilled health professionals. The objectives of this study were to develop a robust exposure-response model for the relationship between serum magnesium exposure and eclampsia using data from large studies of women with preeclampsia who received magnesium sulfate, and to predict eclampsia probabilities for standard and alternative (shorter treatment duration and/or fewer intramuscular injections) regimens. Exposure-response modeling and simulation were applied to existing data. A total of 10 280 women with preeclampsia who received magnesium sulfate or placebo were evaluated. An existing population pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate individual serum magnesium exposure. Logistic regression was applied to quantify the serum magnesium area under the curve-eclampsia rate relationship. Our exposure-response model-estimated eclampsia rates were comparable to observed rates. Several alternative regimens predicted magnesium peak concentration < 3.5 mmol/L (empiric safety threshold) and eclampsia rate ≤ 0.7% (observed response threshold), including 4 g intravenously plus 10 g intramuscularly followed by either 8 g intramuscularly every 6 hours × 3 doses or 10 g intramuscularly every 8 hours × 2 doses and 10 g intramuscularly every 8 hours × 3 doses. Several alternative magnesium sulfate regimens with comparable model-predicted efficacy and safety were identified that merit evaluation in confirmatory clinical trials

Reductions in turbidity and specific conductivity in runoff treated by bioswales along I-294 in northern Cook County, Illinois

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