Effect of rubber mats and perforation in the lying area on claw and limb lesions of fattening pigs

Claw and leg lesions are frequently observed in finishing pigs and are likely to compromise their welfare. Providing softer than the usual concrete flooring may reduce both the frequency and severity of these lesions. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of rubber mats and floor perforation in the lying area on claw and leg health of finishing pigs. A total of 240 Swiss Large White finishing pigs from on average 24.9 kg until 102.3 kg were used in four batches, with six groups of 10 animals per batch. The six experimental pens initially measured 1.85×3.55 m and were enlarged after 6 weeks to 1.85×5.25 m. In all pens, one third of the floor space was built as a defecating area consisting of a concrete floor with 15% perforation. The remaining two thirds of the pen were designed as a lying area whose floor quality differed between the pens. It either consisted of concrete elements or was covered with rubber mats, and perforation of both floor types was either 0%, 5% or 10%. All individuals were scored for claw and leg lesions at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the 12-week fattening period. Lesions were summarised in scores based on the results of a principal component analysis. The influence on lesion scores of floor material, amount of perforation in the lying area, assessment time, and sex was examined using mixed-models. The total claw lesion score and the total limb lesion score as well as the claw angle increased from the beginning to the end of the fattening period. The values for both scores were slightly lower for animals kept on rubber mats compared with animals kept on concrete floor. There was no effect of the percentage of perforation on the examined outcome variables. In conclusion, our results indicate that rubber mats in the lying area bring about improvements in some aspects of claw and leg health in fattening pigs, whereas there is no effect of floor perforation.Peer Reviewe

2-tert-Butyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]indole

2-tert-Butyl-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]indole was synthesized by reaction of cycloheptanone and (4-tert-butylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium acetate and sulfuric acid in glacial acetic acid via Fischer indole synthesis

Zu Anhörung einiger Reden, welche zum Andenken der weyland Hochgebohrnen Gräfin und Frau, Frau Catharina, verwittweten Gräfin von Schwarzburg, geb. Gräfin von Nassau, morgen g. G. sollen gehalten werden

ZU ANHÖRUNG EINIGER REDEN, WELCHE ZUM ANDENKEN DER WEYLAND HOCHGEBOHRNEN GRÄFIN UND FRAU, FRAU CATHARINA, VERWITTWETEN GRÄFIN VON SCHWARZBURG, GEB. GRÄFIN VON NASSAU, MORGEN G. G. SOLLEN GEHALTEN WERDEN Zu Anhörung einiger Reden, welche zum Andenken der weyland Hochgebohrnen Gräfin und Frau, Frau Catharina, verwittweten Gräfin von Schwarzburg, geb. Gräfin von Nassau, morgen g. G. sollen gehalten werden ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Text (3

Zu Anhörung einiger Reden, welche zum preiswürdigsten Andenken der Hochseligen Gräfin und Frau, Frau Catharina, gebohrnen Gräfin zu Nassau, des weyland Erlauchten und Hochgebohrnen Grafens und Herrn, Herrn Günthers, des Streitbarn, Frau Gemahlinn, in dem obersten Hörsale hiesiges Lyceums morgen g. G. nach geendigter Bethstunde sollen gehalten werden

ZU ANHÖRUNG EINIGER REDEN, WELCHE ZUM PREISWÜRDIGSTEN ANDENKEN DER HOCHSELIGEN GRÄFIN UND FRAU, FRAU CATHARINA, GEBOHRNEN GRÄFIN ZU NASSAU, DES WEYLAND ERLAUCHTEN UND HOCHGEBOHRNEN GRAFENS UND HERRN, HERRN GÜNTHERS, DES STREITBARN, FRAU GEMAHLINN, IN DEM OBERSTEN HÖRSALE HIESIGES LYCEUMS MORGEN G. G. NACH GEENDIGTER BETHSTUNDE SOLLEN GEHALTEN WERDEN Zu Anhörung einiger Reden, welche zum preiswürdigsten Andenken der Hochseligen Gräfin und Frau, Frau Catharina, gebohrnen Gräfin zu Nassau, des weyland Erlauchten und Hochgebohrnen Grafens und Herrn, Herrn Günthers, des Streitbarn, Frau Gemahlinn, in dem obersten Hörsale hiesiges Lyceums morgen g. G. nach geendigter Bethstunde sollen gehalten werden ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Text ([2]

Search for Higgs Boson Decays into a ZZ Boson and a Light Hadronically Decaying Resonance Using 13 TeV pppp Collision Data from the ATLAS Detector

A search for Higgs boson decays into a $Z$ boson and a light resonance in two-lepton plus jet events is performed, using a $pp$ collision dataset with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN LHC. The resonance considered is a light boson with a mass below 4 GeV from a possible extended scalar sector or a charmonium state. Multivariate discriminants are used for the event selection and for evaluating the mass of the light resonance. No excess of events above the expected background is found. Observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to a $Z$ boson and the signal resonance, with values in the range 17–340 pb (16$_{-5}^{+6}$–320$_{-90}^{+130}$ pb) for the different light spin-0 boson mass and branching fraction hypotheses, and with values of 110 and 100 pb (100$_{-30}^{+40}$ and 100$_{-30}^{+40}$ pb) for the $η_c$ and $J/ψ$ hypotheses, respectively