360 research outputs found
Pathogenesis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors from a Developmental Point of View
Current classification systems of human germ cell tumors (GCTs) are
based on histological composition. In the group of nonseminomas, different
variants of teratoma (somatic differentiation), yolk sac tumor and choriocarcinoma
(extra-embryonic differentiation), are recognized, as well as their stem cell
component embryonal carcinoma. In addition, the seminomatous tumors are
distinguished, subdivided into classic - and spermatocytic variants. The
morphologically similar classic seminomas of the ovary are called dysgerminomas,
and those of the brain germinomas. Tumors containing both a (classic) seminoma
and a nonseminoma component are referred to as combined tumor according to
the British classification , and as nonseminoma in the World Health Organisation
(WHO) Classification. This traditional histological description obscures the
biological diversity of this type of cancer, which hampers identification of
pathogenetic mechanisms and proper comparison of the neoplastic cells to their
normal counterparts. Therefore, an alternative classification was proposed,
recognizing five categories (I-V) of GCTs (see Table 1), based on site of
presentation, age of the patient at diagnosis, histological composition, as well as
pattern of genomic imprinting, and chromosomal constitution. This thesis will
deal only with the type II GCTs, predominantly of the testis, and therefore the other
types will not be discussed here. The testicular type II GCTs will be referred as
TGCTs
mTOR is a promising therapeutical target in a subpopulation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease, unusually resistant against therapy. It is generally felt that stratification of patients for personalized medicine is the way forward. Here, we report that a subpopulation of PDACs shows strong activation of the mTOR signaling cassette. Moreover, we show that inhibition of mTOR in pancreatic cancer cell lines showing high levels of mTOR signaling is associated with cancer cell death. Finally, we show using fine needle biopsies the existence of a subpopulation of PDAC patients with high activation of the mTOR signaling cassette and provide evidence that inhibition of mTOR might be clinically useful for this group. Thus, our results define an unrecognized subpopulation of PDACs, characterized by high activation of mTOR and show that identification of this specific patient group in the early phase of diagnosis is feasible
Use of immunohistochemical biomarkers as independent predictor of neoplastic progression in Barrett's oesophagus surveillance
__Introduction:__ The low incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in Barrett's oesophagus (BE) patients reinforces the need for risk stratification tools to make BE surveillance more effective. Therefore, we have undertaken a systematic revi
Flucht, Asyl, Hoffnung
Bürgerkriege, politische Krisen, Verfolgung und andere existenzbedrohende Nöte zwingen viele Tausend Menschen zur Flucht. Mit der Zunahme von Krieg, Terror, desolaten und gefährlichen Lebensbedingungen wie in Syrien, Irak, Afghanistan und Eritrea oder Diskriminierung, Ausgrenzung und Perspektivlosigkeit wie in Kosovo und Albanien nimmt auch die Zahl derer zu, die ihr Heimatland verlassen. Die Zeiten, in denen wir diese Tatsachen einfach ausblenden und uns ungestört dem Alltagsgeschehen zuwenden können, sind vorbei – Asylsuchende und Flüchtlinge sind mittlerweile Bestandteil unseres Lebens geworden. Die Menschen sind hier in Deutschland angekommen
MTOR is a promising therapeutical target in a subpopulation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease, unusually resistant against therapy. It is generally felt that stratification of patients for personalized medicine is the way forward. Here, we report that a subpopulation of PDACs shows strong activation of the mTOR signaling cassette. Moreover, we show that inhibition of mTOR in pancreatic cancer cell lines showing high levels of mTOR signaling is associated with cancer cell death. Finally, we show using fine needle biopsies the existence of a subpopulation of PDAC patients with high activation of the mTOR signaling cassette and provide evidence that inhibition of mTOR might be clinically useful for this group. Thus, our results define an unrecognized subpopulation of PDACs, characterized by high activation of mTOR and show that identification of this specific patient group in the early phase of diagnosis is feasible
Highlighting New Possibilities: A Comparison of SLOT and CT in the Analysis of 3D Printed Optical Elements
Novel printing techniques for optical elements produce characteristics in these optical elements which can sometimes not be resolved with classic testing or imaging methods. As highly individualized components often have a significant cost associated with them, destructive methods are unwanted. For this work, Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT) is considered to overcome these challenges and provide knowledge and data which would otherwise not be accessible. SLOT is directly compared to µCT which is often the go-to imaging modality for small, printed optics.
Advantages such as the possibility to measure fluorescence with volumetric resolution are presented in this work in the application of a functionalized silicone waveguide. Interactions between the excitation light and the sample are also measured in SLOT in form of absorption. The importance of absorption is highlighted with the example of a 3D printed glass block which has light refractive layers that are invisible in µCT measurements.
SLOT should be considered as a quality control tool by scientists and manufactures of printed optical elements as it has many advantages over µCT
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