The immediate and long-term effects of time perspective on Internet gaming disorder

Backgrounds and aims: This study focuses on the role of time perspective (TP) in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). An inventory-based study on 377 massive multiplayer online role playing game players was conducted, followed by a 3-year-follow-up in which 48 active players from the original sample participated. We proposed that TP factors (negative TP and future positive TP) will influence either the current presence of IGD symptoms or the further development of IGD over time. In other words, the effect of TP is stable. Finally, game usage patterns were analyzed in the sense of changes in playing time and IGD symptoms in gamers after 3 years. Methods: To access the variables, two scales were administered through online inventory, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-short, and Charlton and Danforths’ Core Addiction Scale, both in 2012 (N = 377) and 2015 (N = 48). The amount of time that gamers usually spent playing were obtained through self-reports. Results: The study’s primary presumptions were confirmed. Both negative TP and future positive TP were confirmed as significant predictors of the presence of IGD symptoms, either immediately or in the following 3 years. Data on game usage showed a significant decrease in playing time and IGD symptoms between year 0 and year 3 of the study

Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).INTRODUCTION: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. METHODS: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; M age: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. RESULTS: A two-factor model with factors describing 'alcohol use' (items 1-3) and 'alcohol problems' (items 4-10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.Peer reviewe

The short version of the Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3): Measurement invariance across countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Background The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to validate the SDS-3 and test its psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across language, country, gender identity, and sexual orientation groups. Methods We used global survey data from 82,243 individuals (Mean age=32.39 years; 40.3 % men, 57.0 % women, 2.8 % non-binary, and 0.6 % other genders) participating in the International Sexual Survey (ISS; https://internationalsexsurvey.org/) across 42 countries and 26 languages. Participants completed the SDS-3, as well as questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, including gender identity and sexual orientation. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factor structure for the SDS-3, and multi-group CFA (MGCFA) suggested that this factor structure was invariant across countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Cronbach's α for the unidimensional score was 0.83 (range between 0.76 and 0.89), and McDonald's ω was 0.84 (range between 0.76 and 0.90). Participants who did not experience sexual problems had significantly lower SDS-3 total scores (M = 2.99; SD=2.54) compared to those who reported sexual problems (M = 5.60; SD=3.00), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.01 [95 % CI=-1.03, -0.98]; p < 0.001). Conclusion The SDS-3 has a unidimensional factor structure and appears to be valid and reliable for measuring sexual distress among individuals from different countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations.Peer reviewe

Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations: Findings from the International Sex Survey (ISS)

Introduction. Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. Aims. The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods. Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. Results. A two-factor model with factors describing ‘alcohol use’ (items 1–3) and ‘alcohol problems’ (items 4–10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. Conclusions. In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations

Co tvoří rozumného hráče: seberegulace, časová perspektiva a zvyky v online hraní

The thesis concerns factors that affect the intensity of MMORPG playing and the gaming addiction symptoms. In the theoretical part, I discuss approaches to the excessive and problematic gaming. I argue for the shift of perspective from gaming addiction disorder toward self-regulation, time perspective, activity theory and habitual regulation. Two inventory-based studies were conducted in order to empirically verify the effect of proposed variables on MMORPG usage. First, the significant role of Time Perspective (TP), measured by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), has been confirmed. Second, the habitual regulation had been identified to significantly affect the usage. The habits related to usage were measured by the new psychometrical tool - Cues Sensitivity Scale (CSS). TP and habits influence the usage together - the effect of TP is partially mediated through Cues Sensitivity as well as through the players' deliberate regulation of playing time. All measured variables showed stability in time (measured after three years in subset of respondents). Data was analyzed with statistical methods, mainly with Partial-Least-Squares Path- Modelling (PLS-PM). The part of the data - respondents' strategies of playing time regulation - were analyzed qualitatively.Práce se zabývá faktory, které ovlivňují intenzitu hraní online počítačových her typu MMORPG a přítomnost symptomů problematického užívání her. V teoretické části ukazuji, že problematiku nadměrného a problematického hraní lze uchopit nejen z hlediska závislostního chování, ale také z hlediska seberegulace, časové perspektivy, analýzy činnosti a zvykového chování. Ve dvou empirických studiích založených na dotazníkovém šetření mezi převážně českými hráči MMORPG her bylo identifikováno několik faktorů, které ovlivňují to, kolik času hráč věnuje herní činnosti a to, zda jeho hraní vykazuje znaky problematického (nad)užívání hry. Prvním je časová orientace měřená Zimbardovým dotazníkem časové perspektivy (ZTPI). Druhým je zvyková regulace chování. Pro její měření byla vytvořena škála Citlivosti k Situačním Klíčům (Cues Sensitivity Scale, CSS). CSS měří nejen sílu zvyku, ale také jeho regulační kvalitu - zda zvyk vede k nadužívání (Citlivost k proherním klíčům) nebo naopak užívání omezuje (Citlivost k protiherním klíčům). Časová orientace i zvyk působí na užívání hry společně, vliv časové orientace je částečně zprostředkován právě zvykem, částečně záměrnou kontrolou herního času. Všechny měřené proměnné vykazují stabilitu v čase (měřeno v tříletém odstupu na podsouboru respondentů). Data byla...Oddělení pro vědeckou činnostPedagogická fakultaFaculty of Educatio

What makes a reasonable player: self-regulation, time perspective and habits in online gaming

The thesis concerns factors that affect the intensity of MMORPG playing and the gaming addiction symptoms. In the theoretical part, I discuss approaches to the excessive and problematic gaming. I argue for the shift of perspective from gaming addiction disorder toward self-regulation, time perspective, activity theory and habitual regulation. Two inventory-based studies were conducted in order to empirically verify the effect of proposed variables on MMORPG usage. First, the significant role of Time Perspective (TP), measured by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), has been confirmed. Second, the habitual regulation had been identified to significantly affect the usage. The habits related to usage were measured by the new psychometrical tool - Cues Sensitivity Scale (CSS). TP and habits influence the usage together - the effect of TP is partially mediated through Cues Sensitivity as well as through the players' deliberate regulation of playing time. All measured variables showed stability in time (measured after three years in subset of respondents). Data was analyzed with statistical methods, mainly with Partial-Least-Squares Path- Modelling (PLS-PM). The part of the data - respondents' strategies of playing time regulation - were analyzed qualitatively

Škála testové úzkosti (TAI): psychometrické vlastnosti české verze

Tato studie podrobně popisuje rozbor psychometrických vlastností české verze škály testové úzkosti (Test anxiety inventory - TAI). Spielberger (1980) navrhl škálu určenou pro měření úzkosti u studentů středních a vysokých škol. Škála se skládá se ze dvou podskupin: měření strachu (TAI-W) a měření emoční tísně (TAI-E). V našem výzkumu hodnotíme psychometrické vlastnosti stupnice TAI a testujeme možnosti využití mezi studentskou populací v České republice. Dále diskutujeme možnosti aplikace této metody na respondenty na spodní hranici doporučeného věku. V této studii byla škála TAI upravena a podána vzorku 185 studentů ve věku 12 až 15 let. V7sledky studie naznačují velmi dobré psychometrické vlastnosti nástroje, kdy hodnoty alfa spolehlivosti pro obě stupnice TAI (TAI-W) a TAI-E) se pohybují v rozmezí 0,877 (TAI-E) a 0,851 (TAI-W). Korelace mezi dvěma dílčími stupnicemi měřená Pearsonovým korekčním koeficientem je pozitivní a velmi silná (r = 0,699) a statisticky významná (p <0,001). Dvoufaktorová struktura složená ze složek TAI-Wa TAI-E vykázala přijatelnou diskriminační platnost a vnitřní spolehlivost. Byla provedena analýza položek a průzkumné a potvrzující analýzy faktorů, které ukazují, že Česká stupnice TAI má přijatelné psychometrické vlastnosti a lze ji použít u českých adolescentů i na dolní hranici doporučené věkové normy.This study details the development and validation of a Czech language version of the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI). The TAI instrument has been created to allow acquisition of empirical evidence on the two above-mentioned components in practical situations. This measurement tool addresses identification of worry and emotionality during tests. Spielberger et al. (1978) created TAI (Test Anxiety Inventory), a self-report based scale used for measuring both test anxiety factors. According to Spielberger (1980), TAI was designed to measure anxiety in high school and university students. It consists of two subgroups: measurement of worry (TAI-W) and measurement of emotional distress (TAI-E). In our research, we assess psychometric properties of the TAI scale and test the scale among student population in the Czech Republic and we also debate options of application of this method on respondents at the lower limit of the recommended age. In this study, the TAI scale was adapted and administered to a sample of 185 students aged 12 to 15 years. The aim of this study was to examine factor structure and explore the psychometric properties for Czech version of Test Anxiety Inventory. Alpha reliability values for different scales of TAI (TAI-Worry, and TAI-Emotionality) ranged was 0.877 (TAI-E) and 0.851 (TAI-W). The correlation between the two subscales measured by the Pearson correction coefficient is positive and very strong (r = 0.769) and statistically significant (p <.001). The two-factor structure consisting of TAI-Worry and TAI-Emotionality components showed acceptable discriminant validity and internal reliability. The item analysis and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were made showing that Czech TAI Scale has acceptable psychometrical properties and can be used in Czech school children

School-Based Prevention of Screen-Related Risk Behaviors during the Long-Term Distant Schooling Caused by COVID-19 Outbreak

The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey was responded to by the school-based prevention specialists (N = 1698). For the analysis, within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binominal logistic regression were used. At-risk internet use and cyber-bullying were perceived as pressing, but other risks, for example, excessive internet use or the use of cyberpornography, received substantially less priority. The differences in all grades were significant and moderate to large (η2G between 0.156 and 0.288). The proportion of schools which conducted prevention interventions of screen-related risks was low (between 0.7% and 27.8%, depending on the grade and the type of the risk). The probability of delivering prevention intervention was in all grades significantly predicted by the presence of screen-related problems in pupils (OR 3.76–4.88) and the perceived importance of the screen-related risks (OR 1.55–1.97). The limited capacity of schools to deliver prevention interventions during distant schooling as well as the low awareness and impaired ability to recognize the importance of some screen-related risks should be addressed