Root canal treatment at Hope Dental Clinic: three case reports

Acute dental pain is the most distressing symptom with which the majority of patients attending dental clinics present. It is a clinical problem to which a range of treatment interventions may be appropriate.In Tanzania, extraction is the most commonly reported treatment option for acute dental pain although most of them would have been saved by endodontic treatment. This paper presents three cases of endodontic treatment performed at Hope Dental Clinic, Mwanza Tanzania. In all cases, patients indicated obvious preference for saving teeth through endodontic therapy.Key words: root canal treatment, case repor

Analysis of Mechanisms that Motivate Knowledge Sharing: A Case Study

In today’s fast-paced business environment, organizations have realized the significance of knowledge sharing as a strategic source of competitive advantage. This realization has led to increased attention from the academic community in the last two decades. However, despite the importance, existing research in this area have claimed insufficient attention to micro-level (individual) variables and relationships that lead to knowledge sharing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanisms that motivate employee knowledge sharing. The empirical part of the study was conducted between May and June 2015, through a qualitative single case study of a Finnish company in a multi-sector training, consultancy, and planning. Data for the research were collected using both primary and secondary methods to ensure triangulation. Five semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive reasoning approach. The results suggest that human, cultural and social psychological factors are central to the success of knowledge sharing among employees. Further, HRM practices were found to help enhance human and social psychological factors that promote both individual capabilities, as well as, their willingness to share knowledge with others. Also, organizational cultural factors were found to play a crucial role in motivating employees to share knowledge with others. The study contributes to the theory by drawing attention to the significance of micro-level dynamics in knowledge sharing practices through the formulation of the theoretical framework. Furthermore, managers can use the results of this study to enhance the well-being of employees by actively implementing HRM practices that will promote and increase the organization’s knowledge base.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Family Leadership in Africa

"The main issue to be dealt with in this paper is the dynamic of leadership in the family and its relationship with leadership in society. The attempt in this study is to reflect on the way the family leadership model can influence leadership in society. Focusing on the model of family leadership, the objective of this study is to call upon a responsible family leadership in the process of the establishment of democratic and more responsive leadership in all societies. Analysing the model of family leadership, our intention is to challenge the model of leadership in Africa, and to awake people’s consciousness to the need of reviewing the established leadership models towards more participatory leadership. In what follows, the topic will be developed from an African point of view [...]", p. 63 (Introduction)

African Literature (Francophone)

The term Francophone African literature is widely used to designate sub-Saharan African literature written in French by authors living in Africa or abroad. It derives from Francophonie, the nineteenth-century neologism coined by the French geographer Onesine Redus (1837-1916). In the African context, the concept gained relevance in the 1960s under the aegis of Leopold Senghor and Habib Bourguiba, two African presidents who advocated the creation of an organization linking all the nations sharing the French language and culture

Dé-mondialiser le secteur minier pour développer l’Afrique

Le terme de « dé-mondialisation » développé par Walden Bello, largement récupéré par Arnault de Montebourg comme thème de la campagne présidentielle en France, n’a pas semblé trouver large écho dans le monde académique et pourtant, c’est au sujet du redressement de l’économie française qu’il l’envisageait. Les entreprises multinationales ou transnationales font partie du paysage économique depuis de nombreuses décennies, mais l’ordre économique mondial actuel privilégie la libéralisation commerciale et la mondialisation de l’économie et considère de plus en plus les pays hôtes comme des lieux d’extraction des matières premières, tandis que la transformation et tous les bénéfices liés à l’exploitation des ressources minières servent les pays d’origine. Dans un sens courant, la dé-mondialisation est un concept prônant une nouvelle  organisation de l’économie mondiale. Elle prend en compte l’augmentation des interdépendances humaines dans le monde, mais  s’efforce de les soustraire à la domination de la globalisation financière et du libre-échange. Elle vise à rendre plus juste, sociale et écologique l’organisation  économique mondiale grâce à de nouvelles règles endiguant les effets néfastes du libre-échange et du néolibéralisme. Elle tend à mieux articuler la décision prise dans le cadre civique à l’action au niveau  international. Nous envisageons la «  démondialisation » dans un sens beaucoup plus nuancé pour évoquer la  déconstruction du cycle économique de l’exploitation des minerais en Afrique en général et particulièrement en RDC. Il ne s’agit pas de  combattre la mondialisation qui, par nature, se caractérise par l’intensification des échanges internationaux et l’apparition d’une sphère financière globale. Il se trouve nécessaire de faire une critique de la mondialisation par rapport à ces effets séculaires dans les pays  d’extraction des ressources minières. Cela est d’autant plus difficile lorsqu’il s’agit d’un pays où la structure a été longtemps analysée partant de l’image d’une trinité composée de l’Administration, de l’Eglise et des grandes sociétés (Crawford Young 1965:12). The term “de-globalization” developed by Walden Bello, largely used by Arnault de Montourg as a theme of the presidential campaign in France, did not seem to be widely echoed in the academic world, yet, it is about the recovery of the French  economy that he envisaged. Multinational or transnational corporations have been part of the economic landscape for many decades, but the current global economic order, which favors trade liberalization and the globalization of the economy, and increasingly considers host countries as places of extraction of raw materials while the processing and all the benefits associated with the exploitation of mineral resources serve the countries of origin. In a common sense, de-globalization is a concept advocating a new organization of the world economy. It takes account of the increase in human interdependence in the world but strives to shield them from the domination of financial globalization and free trade. It aims to make the world’s  economic organization fairer, more social and ecological through new rules  containing the negative effects of free trade and neo-liberalism. It also seeks better articulation of decisions taken in the civic framework with actions at the international level (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki, Kinshasa, le 13: 2014). We consider “de-globalization” in a much more nuanced sense to evoke the deconstruction of the economic cycle of mineral exploitation in Africa in general and particularly in the DRC. It is not about combating globalization which, by its nature, is characterized by the intensification of international trade and the emergence of a global financial sphere. It is necessary to criticize globalization in relation to its secular effects in countries of mineral  resource extraction. This is all the more difficult when it is a country where the structure has long been analyzed from the  image of a trinity made up of the Administration, Church and large corporations (Crawford Young 1965:12)

SPOUSES’ SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE

This paper examines the impact of spouses’ education, fertility desires, and marital characteristics on contraceptive use in Kinshasa, Zaire. The results reveal that, while family planning services focus their activities exclusively on women, husbands’ education and fertility desire are very important in explaining the use of birth control in marriage. This male role is crucial in understanding fertility patterns in Africa, where the major familial decisions are made by the husband

Factors Influencing the purchase intention of Smart wearable technology

A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Witwatersrand University School of Economics and Business Sciences, In partial fulfilment of the requirements of a Master Degree in Marketing, May 2017The consumer market of Smart wearable technology has shown a massive growth, therefore convincing that Smart wearable technology will be the next great thing, with market analysts forecasting its market to be worth over $30 billion by 2020. However this belief is mainly driven by major new technology manufacturers to produce Smart wearable devices that commoditise cellphones, tablets, and portable computers to influence consumer purchase intention. Consumers purchase intention is crucial for every business survival, therefore cannot be overemphasised. With the increasing number of Smart wearable technology brands on the electronics market, South African consumers have to make a choice on which brands to purchase. This study examines the factors influencing the purchase intention of Smart wearable technology in South Africa, with a special focus on product quality, design, price, and consumer attitude. From the academic side, the study makes a significant contribution by exploring the impact of product price and consumer attitude on consumer purchase intention. As a result, manufacturers in the wearable technology industry may apply this study information to develop proper strategies that will help influence more people to purchase wearable devices and ensure Smart wearable technology market growth. The study data were collected through the aid of a self-administered hardcopy questionnaire, which was circulated by the researcher in the University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg. The research findings show that both consumer attitude and product price have a significant positive effect on the intention to purchase Smart wearable devices. Nevertheless, to be more precise, the effect of consumer’s attitude on purchase intention goes through the positive effect of a product design on consumer’s attitude. Both product quality and price are found to extend the effect of positivity of consumer’s attitude toward the product or brand, and the price tag of the product. These scenarios are fully supported in hypotheses one, two, and three. Although both quality and design positively influence product price, Product design is found to have an enlarging effect on product price. Generally, it can be stated that the design of a product successfully influence the price set for product.XL201

The Writing of the Nation: Expressing Identity through Congolese Literary Texts and Films

The book is the study of literary texts and films seen as the manifestations of the Congolese consciousness and a response to the colonial discourse of denial, deletion and co-optation. It is a historical and ideological account of how writers and filmmakers have conceptualized the DRC or Zaire as a space supposedly out of a chaotic mode in need of domestication. Extending back to the precolonial times, it studies the epistemic foundations that underlie literary writings at various historical periods: an area to discover, to evangelize to exploit and to civilize. At the same time, the book addresses the problematic issue of nation-building and national identity that has dominated Postcolonial discourses in the last two decades. It examines postulations of national consciousness formation as a sedimentation drawn from various elements of which the result is a new cultural and political space. In studying literary texts and films, it identifies elements of national identity (political discourse, education system, history, ethnic identification) consciously or unconsciously articulated in the claims of commonality. The book highlights three factors of great importance that paved the way to a national discourse. First, the African hinterland has always proved an impenetrable entity to the outside eye. As a consequence, the hinterland came to be associated with three main characteristics (no man’s land, threat to human reason, chaos) descriptive of an unfathomable abyss that swallow’s life. Secondly, the heart of darkness allegory has acquired a metonymic value on which pronouncements on the Congo, however outrageous, find their foundation. Thirdly, contrary to most literary accounts (Kadima-Nzuji, Ngandu Nkashama, Riva), the book delves into the study of colonial and exotic literatures as historical steps toward the rise of modern Congolese literature. It also looks at the role orality has played in modern Congolese literature and at on the way the consciousness of belonging to the nation has been expressed by mainstream writers (V. Y. Mudimbe, Ngandu Nkashama, Ngal). Finally, it examines the ideological and historical elements of identity construction by Congolese filmmakers (Ngangura, Balufu Kanyinka and Raoul Peck) in their works as instances of agency. The book ends with questions related to recent Congolese writers influenced by conditions of globalization, location and exile.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1229/thumbnail.jp

Ferdinand Oyono

Ferdinand Oyono was a Cameroonian statesman and a Francophone novelist of the first generation of African writers who became active after World War II. He entered the literary scene at a time when writers such as his fellow Cameroonian Mongo Beti and the Senegalese Sembene Ousmane and Leopold Sedar Senghor were at their peak. Oyono and Mongo Beti are known as the forefathers of modern African Identity for their anticolonial novels

Réactivité des Employés face à la Culture de Sécurité du Travail dans l'Entreprise Minerals and Metals Group/Kinsevere RDC

Cet article vise à analyser la réactivité des employés face à la culture de la sécurité au travail. Elle a été réalisée dans les ateliers de l'entreprise MMG/Kinsecere,RDC, durant la période allant de 2015 à 2021. Elle s'est servie de la méthode d'enquête et la méthode descriptive accompagnées des techniques documentaires et de questionnaire. Le traitement des données a été fait grâce à l'analyse du contenu et du test statistique Chi-deux. Les résultats montrent que les employés de l'entreprise susmentionnée manifestent de la réactivité face à la culture de sécurité grâce à l'intériorisation dans leurs pratiques des règles et valeurs de la culture de sécurité partagées au sein de l'entreprise, qui est facilitée par la série de formation et les réunions de sécurité organisées chaque jour dans les différents ateliers. C’est pourquoi dans une entreprise, il ne suffit pas seulement de mettre en place une politique de sécurité au travail. Mais il convient de se rassurer que cette politique soit intégrée dans la conduite des employés au travail.   This article aims to analyze the responsiveness of employees to the workplace safety culture. It was carried out in the workshops of the company MMG/Kinsevere, DRC, during the period from 2015 to 2021. The survey method and the descriptive method were used with the documentary and questionnaire techniques. Data processing was performed by content analysis and chi-square statistical testing. The results show that the employees of the above-mentioned company demonstrate responsiveness to the safety culture thanks to the internalization in their practices of the rules and values of the safety culture shared within the company, which is facilitated by the series of training and safety meetings organized every day in the different workshops. This is why in a company, it is not enough to simply implement an occupational safety policy. However, it is important to be sure that this policy is integrated into the conduct of employees at work