Multiple drug resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from Chicken samples collected from Mhow and Indore city of Madhyapradesh

Fourteen antibacterial agents belonging to 9 different groups of antibiotics viz. aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nitrofurantoin, fluroquinolones, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, penicillin and polymixin were used for in vitro sensitivity testing of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fifteen samples of chicken collected from retail shops in Mhow city. The sensitivity (100%) was attributed to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cephotaxime, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin followed by oxytetracycline (50%). All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and colistin antibiotics. That means, none of the isolates were found to be sensitive for penicillin and polymixin group of antibiotics. Multiple drug resistance was also observed in all A. hydrophila isolates. Out of total isolates, 100% were resistant to two antimicrobial drugs and 50% to three drugs. [Vet. World 2009; 2(1.000): 31-32

Synthesis and Modeling of Polysiloxane-Based Salt-in-Polymer Electrolytes with Various Additives

WOS: 000271826300009PubMed ID: 19845380The effect of both nanoparticles and low molecular weight borate esters on the ionic conductivity of crosslinked polysiloxanes was systematically investigated by means of measuring conductivity spectra in the impedance regime at temperatures between -30 and 90 degrees C. Salt-in-polymer electrolytes were prepared by dissolving lithium triflate (LiSO(3)CF(3)) in comblike polysiloxanes bearing one methyl and one oligoether side group per silicon. An amount of 10 mol % of the oligoether side groups exhibited a terminal allytrimethoxysilane serving as a cross-linker moiety (T(0.1)OPS). Thus prepared polymer electrolyte membranes were completely amorphous and mechanically stable with an optimum conductivity value of 5.7 x 10(-5) S.cm(-1) at 15 wt % of lithium triflate (LiSO(3)CF(3)) at room temperature (T(0.1)OPS + 15 wt % LiSO(3)CF(3)). Further investigations concerned the influence of additives, i.e., nanosized ceramic tillers (alpha-Al(2)O(3) and SiO(2), UP to 10 wt %) as well as two low molecular weight borate esters (tris(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl) borate (B2) and tris(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) borate (B3)) with maximum concentrations of 40 wt % as referred to polysiloxane T(0.1)OPS. The addition of borate esters resulted in a considerable increase of the conductivity, while still maintaining the mechanical stability. Optimum conductivities of 3.7 x 10(-5) and 1.6 x 10(-4) S.cm(-1) were measured for B2 and B3, respectively, at room temperature. A fit of the temperature-dependent DC conductivity by the empirical Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher (VTF) equation showed that there was an increased number density of mobile charge carriers in the case of borate esters as additives. However, the shape of the conductivity spectra in the dispersive regime changed considerably in going from nanoparticles as additives to borate esters. A careful and consistent modeling of the conductivity spectra and of the temperature dependence of the DC conductivity was done within the framework of the MIGRATION concept. The result was that the addition of borate esters to the polymer host most probably increased both number density of mobile charge carriers as well as their mobility.Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB 458]We are grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for the financial support of this work within SFB 458, Y. Karatas and N. Kaskhedikar would like to thank the International Graduate School of Chemistry at the University of Muenster for their doctoral fellowships

Salt-in-polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries based on organo-functionalized polyphosphazenes and polysiloxanes

An overview is given on polymer electrolytes based on organo-functionalized polyphosphazenes and polysiloxanes. Chemical and electrochemical properties are discussed with respect to the synthesis, the choice of side groups and the goal of obtaining membranes and thin films that combine high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. Electrochemical stability, concentration polarization and the role of transference numbers are discussed with respect to possible applications in lithium batteries. It is shown that the ionic conductivities of salt-in-polymer membranes without additives and plasticizers are limited to maximum conductivities around 10-4 S/cm. Nevertheless, a straightforward strategy based on additives can increase the conductivities to at least 10-3 S/cm and maybe further. In this context, the future role of polymers for safe, alternative electrolytes in lithium batteries will benefit from concepts based on polymeric gels, composites and hybrid materials. Presently developed polymer electrolytes with oligoether sidechains are electrochemically stable in the potential range 0-4.5V (vs. Li/Li+ reference). © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft --This work was part of the research program A2 within the collaborative research center “SFB 458”, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We thank K. Funke, R. Banhatti, H. Eckert, C. Cramer-Kellers, M. Schönhoff, A. Heuer, R. Pöttgen, B. Krebs, T. Nilges, N. Stolwijk, L. van Wüllen and D. Wilmer for helpful discussions, thanks also to all colleagues in the SFB 458 for the excellent collaboration. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the collaboration with D. Richter, R. Zorn, and W. Pyckhout-Hintzen on SANS experiments in Jülich, the collaboration with S. Passerini and M. Winter regarding the electrochemical analysis of polymer electrolytes in lithium ion cells, and we thank H. Gores (University Regensburg) and G. Röschenthaler (Jacobs University Bremen) for preparing and making available a number of novel lithium salts. -

Development of pharmacophoric model of condensed pyridine and pyrimidine analogs as hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors

32-36Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been established on a series of thirty-eight compounds of four different sets of condensed pyridine and pyrimidine analogs, for their hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor activity, in order to understand the essential structural requirement for binding with receptor, in terms of common biophoric and secondary sites employing APEX-3D software. Among several 3D pharmacophoric models with different sizes and arrangements, one model was selected based on r² = 0.8, chance<0.001, match equivalent to 0.38 and all the 38 compounds were considered. The results suggest that hydrophobicity, hydrogen acceptor and optimum steric refractivity play a dominant role in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. The information obtained from the present study can be used to design and predict more potent molecules as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, prior to their synthesis

The role of ni in increasing the reversibility of the hydrogen release from nanoconfined libh(4)

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