Inviscid flow field induced by a rotor in ground effect

Integral equations for inviscid flow field induced by rotor in ground effec

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis accounts for approximately 20% of cases of the nephrotic syndrome in children and 40% of such cases in adults, with an estimated incidence of 7 per 1 million.(1) It is the most common primary glomerular disorder causing end-stage renal disease in the United States, with a prevalence of 4%.(2) The cardinal feature is progressive glomerular scarring. Early in the disease course, glomerulosclerosis is both focal, involving a minority of glomeruli, and segmental, affecting a portion of the glomerular globe. With progression, more widespread and global glomerulosclerosis develops. Since the first clinical-pathological studies of the disease in the 1970s,(3) there has been renewed interest because of the increasing incidence of the disease,(4) better understanding of causation, and identification of the podocyte as the major cellular target.(5) The discovery that mutations in podocyte genes are associated with genetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has advanced the field of podocyte biology and stimulated new approaches to diagnosis and management.(6

Intensive care unit-related fluconazole use in Spain and Germany: patient characteristics and outcomes of a prospective multicenter longitudinal observational study

Background: Candida spp. are a frequent cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the use patterns and outcomes associated with intravenous (IV) fluconazole therapy in intensive care units in Spain and Germany. Patients and methods: The research reported here was a prospective multicenter longitudinal observational study in adult intensive care unit patients receiving IV fluconazole. Demographic, microbiologic, therapy success, length of hospital stay, adverse event, and all-cause mortality data were collected at 14 sites in Spain and five in Germany, from February 2004 to November 2005. Results: Patients (n = 303) received prophylaxis (n = 29), empiric therapy (n = 140), preemptive therapy (n = 85), or definitive therapy (n = 49). A total of 298 patients (98.4%) were treated with IV fluconazole as first-line therapy. The treating physicians judged therapy successful in 66% of prophylactic, 55% of empiric, 45% of preemptive, and 43% of definitive group patients. In the subgroup of 152 patients with proven and specified Candida infection only, 32% suffered from Candida specified as potentially resistant to IV fluconazole. The overall mortality rate was 42%. Conclusion: Our study informs treatment decision makers that approximately 32% of the patients with microbiological results available suffered from Candida specified as potentially resistant to IV fluconazole, highlighting the importance of appropriate therapy

Polymeric Frameworks as Organic Semiconductors with Controlled Electronic Properties

The rational assembly of monomers, in principle, enables the design of a specific periodicity of polymeric frameworks, leading to a tailored set of electronic structure properties in these solid-state materials. The further development of these emerging systems requires a combination of both experimental and theoretical studies. Here, we investigated the electronic structures of two-dimensional polymeric frameworks based on triazine and benzene rings, by means of electrochemical techniques. The experimental density of states was obtained from quasi-open-circuit voltage measurements through galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, which we show to be in excellent agreement with first principles calculations performed for two and three-dimensional structures of these polymeric frameworks. These findings suggest that the electronic properties do not only depend on the number of stacked layers but also on the ratio of the different aromatic rings

Metal-Organic Frameworks in Germany: from Synthesis to Function

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from a combination of inorganic and organic units to produce materials which display high porosity, among other unique and exciting properties. MOFs have shown promise in many wide-ranging applications, such as catalysis and gas separations. In this review, we highlight MOF research conducted by Germany-based research groups. Specifically, we feature approaches for the synthesis of new MOFs, high-throughput MOF production, advanced characterization methods and examples of advanced functions and properties

Cationic microporous polymer networks by polymerisation of weakly coordinating cations with CO2-storage ability

Microporous organic polymer networks with weakly coordinating cations in their backbone have been synthesised by metal catalysed C–C bond forming reactions. A functionalised tetraphenylphosphonium ion was synthesised and successfully used as a tecton in a co-polymerisation with tetrakis(4-bromophenyl) methane using nickel catalysed Yamamoto coupling and with triethynylbenzene in a palladium catalysed Songashira–Hagihara reaction. The microporous materials showed an apparent BET surface area of 1455 m2 g−1 and 540 m2 g−1, respectively. The Yamamoto product provide a CO2 uptake of 2.49 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar. After ion exchange with chloride CO2 uptake is further increased to 2.85 mmol g−1.EC/FP7/278593/EU/Organic Zeolites/ORGZEOEC/FP7/300534/EU/Functional Microporous Organic Polymers/FunMOP

New insights into solvent-induced structural changes of C-13 labelled metal-organic frameworks by solid state NMR

Selective C-13-labelling of carboxylate carbons in the linker molecules of flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) makes solid-state NMR spectroscopy very powerful to investigate solvent-induced local structural changes as demonstrated by C-13 and H-1 NMR spectroscopy on the pillared layer MOF DUT-8(Ni). Selective identification of polar solvent-node interactions becomes feasible