ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PENJADWALAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG CLUBHOUSE DENGAN PENDEKATAN CPM DAN PERT PADA PT. XY

The project scheduling establish the time sequence of various activities which has a certain time limit, this means that the project must be completed before or exactly at the specified time. The delay effect and result in delays to the completion of the overall project. The purpose of study is to analyze the scheduling of the project to find out how long a project can be completed, determine the critical path as well as optimize the time of execution of the project. Research methods used for the project implementation analysis of Clubhouse building construction using critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT). Results of the discussion and calculations obtained that the completion of the project still in accordance with the schedule that has been determained, with the critical path method (CPM) is 321 days, and the program evaluation and review technique (PERT), time most quickly resolved is 312 days (value of Z= 0,22%), the slowest time is 339 days (value of Z= 99,87%) and the most probable time is 325 days (value of Z= 49,20%). Be aware of the activities which constitute the critical path is the activities: A, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6, C5, C7, C8, D, and obtained the optimization of project completion time with the CPM method is 48 days, PERT method, time most quickly is 57 days,the slowest time is 30 days, and the most possible time is 44 days

Persentase tepung sukun dan gula terhadap mutu cookies

Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tepung terigu dan mengurangi  ketergantungan  akan  impor, pemerintah  dan  masyarakat  berupaya  mencari  alternatif  bahan  pangan  lokal yang dapat dijadikan tepung dengan tujuan diversifikasi pangan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persentase tepung sukun dalam campuran tepung dan persentase gula terhadap mutu cookies sukun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jalan Karya Wisata, Kecamatan Medan Johor, Kota Madya Medan. Ketinggian tempat ± 25 mdpl dengan topografi datar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dua ulangan dengan 2 faktor perlakuan. Perlakuan pertama adalah Persentase Tepung Sukun (T) dalam campuran tepung terigu yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: 40% (T1), 50% (T2), 60% (T3), dan 70% (T4). Perlakuan kedua adalah Persentase Gula (G) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: 30% (G1), 40% (G2), 50% (G3), dan 60% (G4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasa cookies terbaik menurut penalis adalah dengan persentase tepung sukun 50%dan penambahan gula 60%

An Extensive Literature Review on Risk Assessment Models (Techniques and Methodology) for Construction Industry

This study looks into the many methods that are used in the risk assessment procedure that is used in the construction industry nowadays. As a result of the slow adoption of novel assessment methods, professionals frequently resort to strategies that have previously been validated as being successful. When it comes to risk assessment, having a precise analytical tool that uses the cost of risk as a measurement and draws on the knowledge of professionals could potentially assist bridge the gap between theory and practice. This step will examine relevant literature, sort articles according to their published year, and identify domains and qualities. Consequently, the most significant findings have been presented in a manner that is consistent with logic and is predicated on the temporal evolution between 1990 and 2015

Neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells by genotoxic stress

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exposure to genotoxic stresses such as radiation and tobacco smoke can cause increased cancer incidence rate as reflected in an in depth meta-analysis of data for women and breast cancer incidence. Published reports have indicated that exposures to low dose radiation and tobacco smoke are factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer. However, there is a scarcity of information on the combinatorial effects of low dose radiation and tobacco smoke on formation and progression of breast cancer. The combination of these two genotoxic insults can induce significant damage to the genetic material of the cells resulting in neoplastic transformation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To study the effects of low dose ionizing radiation and tobacco smoke on breast cells, MCF 10A cells were treated either with radiation (Rad - 0.1 Gray) or cigarette smoke condensate (Csc - 10 microgram/ml of medium) or a combination of Rad + Csc. Following treatments, cells were analyzed for cell cycle distribution patterns and the ability to extrude the Hoechst 33342 dye. In addition, <it>in vitro </it>invasion and migration as well as mammosphere formation assays were performed. Finally, differential gene expression profiles were generated from the individual and combination treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exposure of MCF 10A cells to the combination of radiation plus cigarette smoke condensate generated a neoplastic phenotype. The transformed phenotype promoted increased mammosphere numbers, altered cell cycle phases with a doubling of the population in S phase, and increased invasion and motility. Also, exclusion of Hoechst 33342 dye, a surrogate marker for increased ABC transporters, was observed, which indicates a possible increase in drug resistance. In addition, changes in gene expression include the up regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in metabolic pathways and inflammation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results indicate that when normal breast cells are exposed to low dose radiation in combination with cigarette smoke condensate a phenotype is generated that exhibits traits indicative of neoplastic transformation. More importantly, this is the first study to provide a new insight into a possible etiology for breast cancer formation in individuals exposed to low dose radiation and tobacco smoke.</p

A novel radioresistant mechanism of galectin-1 mediated by H-Ras-dependent pathways in cervical cancer cells

Galectin-1 is a lectin recognized by galactoside-containing glycoproteins, and is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. The role of galectin-1 in radiosensitivity has not previously been investigated. Therefore, this study tests whether galectin-1 is involved in the radiosensitivity mediated by the H-Ras signaling pathway using cervical carcinoma cell lines. A knockdown of galectin-1 expression in HeLa cells decreased clonogenic survival following irradiation. The clonogenic survival increased in both HeLa and C33A cells with galectin-1 overexpression. The overexpression or knockdown of galectin-1 did not alter radiosensitivity, whereas H-Ras was silenced in both cell lines. Whereas K-Ras was knocked down, galectin-1 restored the radiosensitivity in HeLa cells and C33A cells. The knockdown of galectin-1 increased the high-dose radiation-induced cell death of HeLa cells transfected by constitutively active H-Ras. The knockdown of galectin-1 inhibited the radiation-induced phosphorylation of Raf-1 and ERK in HeLa cells. Overexpression of galectin-1 enhanced the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and ERK in C33A cells following irradiation. Galectin-1 decreased the DNA damage detected using comet assay and γ-H2AX in both cells following irradiation. These findings suggest that galectin-1 mediates radioresistance through the H-Ras-dependent pathway involved in DNA damage repair

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: Established models and rationale for selection

Background. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines are important preclinical models in the search for novel and targeted therapies to treat head and neck cancer. Unlike many other cancer types, a wide variety of primary and metastatic HNSCC cell lines are available. An easily accessible guide that organizes important characteristics of HNSCC cell lines would be valuable for the selection of appropriate HNSCC cell lines for in vitro or in vivo studies. Methods. A literature search was performed. Results. Cell growth and culture parameters from HNSCC cell lines were catalogued into tables or lists of selected characteristics. Methods for establishing cancer cell lines and basic cell culture maintenance techniques were reviewed. Conclusions. A compendium of HNSCC cell line characteristics is useful for organizing the accumulating information regarding cell line characteristics to assist investigators with the development of appropriate preclinical models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55902/1/20478_ftp.pd

Aksiologi Pergelaran Wayang Gaya Yogyakarta Lakon Bima Suci

Aksiologi adalah studi tentang nilai sesuatu hal yang ada dalam kehidupan manusia, termasuk hasil karya seni tidak luput dari prinsip dasar etika atau nilai terutama nilai keindahan, oleh sebab itu relasi antara nilai etika dan estetika menjadi pokok perhatian dalam penelitian yang akan dilakukan. Pemahaman aksilogis menjadi pilihan analisis terhadap objek penelitian yaitu pergelaran cerita lakon wayang. Lakon yang dipergunakan sebagai objek penelitian adalah Lakon Bima Suci, dalam lakon ini secara pengamatan pergelaran, banyak menampilkan ajaran-ajaran moral bernuansa etika, sehingga dipilih sebagai objek material penelitian. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam studi ini adalah deskriptif analisis yang menekankan pada objek material. Hasil luaran yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya konsep aksiologis pewayangan, sehingga mampu menjadi sarana untuk memahami konsep tersebut dalam bentuk pergelaran wayang. Sekaligus hasil penelitian ini akan menjadi cara untuk pengembangan teori dan praksis seni pedalangan. Tidak menutup kemungkinan diikutkan dalam seminar nasional, jurnal serta penerbitan buku referns