Macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness

© Anastasia Kasatova, Dmitry Zakhmatov, 2014. The article analyzes macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness in Russia at the current stage. It studies the level of financing of agribusiness by means of soft-term crediting and subsidization of interest rates on credits. In the article the issue of possibility of reduction or abandonment of government support in relation to accession to the WTO and application of alternative methods of agribusiness financing without losses for financial sector is raised. Mechanism of securitization of credit assets can be a new method of agribusiness financing in Russia. Application of this mechanism will make it possible not only to promote quantitative and qualitative development of the agro-industrial sector, but also contribute to development of the financial sector, improve attractiveness of agriculture, particular regions and the country as a whole, for investment

Stages of biotechnology commercialization in the system of interaction between financial and innovative industrial structures

Stages of the commercialization of biotechnology in the system of financial cooperation and innovation and industrial structures is currently not sufficiently explored and require careful consideration. The international practice shows that currently the most efficient method of transition from research and development of biotechnologies to bringing them to the ultimate customer is mutually advantageous commercial interaction between all participants. This process is called commercialization of scientific research and development results. All its participants are economically motivated that is they are highly motivated to promptly attain commercial success resulting from use of new technologies. This interaction will allow Russia to compete in the global market and increase the prosperity of the country. However, at the present stage is a not established effective mechanism of cooperation and financial innovation and industrial structures. Stages of the commercialization of biotechnology are not consistent and not developed. Current projects on biotechnology commercialization require substantial financial investment and professional regulation of both the state and the private sector

The decomposition analysis institutional support of traditionalization and innovatization of russian economy

Variable-based decomposition analysis of traditional and innovative development of national economic systems and forms of its institutional support makes it possible to reveal specific features of the processes that occur in the real and financial sectors of economy, first of all in the sphere of its material production. The sphere of material production in Russia is undertaking a particularly difficult period. The destruction of old institutions that are to govern production activities and the lack of new effective institutions had the most negative impact on material production of the economy. Those Russian industrial enterprises that have survived are under the pressure of tough world competition. Many of them need serious support, including an institutional one. The article focuses on the theory and methodology of origin, functioning, development and transformation of institutions in the process of traditional and innovative development of national economic systems; the authors carry out a diverse contrastive decomposition of national economic systems, reveal the functional role of interaction of traditions, innovations, investments and institutions in Russian economy as well as their controversial poly furcation consequences

The innovatization of management institutions in the Russian economy

The study innovatization planning institutions in the system of economic management is a fundamentally new holistic approach to the study of the dynamic interaction of business, government and society in that part of the national institutional matrix in which managerial institutional traps may occur. Their appearance is connected with the use of alternative institutions and losses that turn out on this basis, following an inefficient norm. The effective innovatization of planning institutions in the system of economic management takes place only in case planning periodic institutions are dynamically substituted by adaptive target (continuous) planning institutions that will provide protection from institutional traps in this area of interaction of business, government and society (Postalyuk, 2004). Concerning the article demonstrates the necessity for innovatization of planning institutions in the system of management of the Russian economy; provides a definition and characteristic features of adaptive target (continuous) planning as an alternative to periodic planning, as an interacting system of institutions that affects the efficiency of management of the Russian economy, as an institutional form of the struggle with losses, which arise from the positive and negative factors of management

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ БОР-НЕЙТРОНОЗАХВАТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ НА РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ОПУХОЛЕВЫЕ И НОРМАЛЬНУЮ КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Introduction. Boron neutron capture therapy (bnct) is a promising method for treating tumors, in particular, infiltrative malignant tumors, due to the selective destruction of tumor cells without damaging the surrounding normal tissues. This type of therapy is based on nuclear reaction of neutron capture by stable 10b isotope. For the successful implementation of bnct, boron delivery drugs that must be selectively accumulated in malignant cells in a sufficient amount, and a neutron source with the energy required for the neutron capture reaction are needed. At the budker institute of nuclear physics, the accelerator-based neutron source was designed with flux parameters allowing studies on bnct to be conducted.Objective: to assess the effect of bnct on tumor and normal cell lines using borphenylalanine (bpa), borcaptate (bsh) and liposomal borcaptat as boron delivery drugs.Materials and methods. Human cell cultures: glioblastoma (u87), colorectal human adenocarcinoma (sw-620), human melanoma (sk-mel28) and primary embryonic cell lines were irradiated with a neutron flux at the presence of bpa, bsh and liposomal bsh with a concentration of 10b 40 μg/ml. The short-term cytotoxic effect of irradiation was evaluated using trypan blue. Cell survival 96 hours after irradiation was determined using mtt test, and survival fraction was evaluated using the clonogenic test.Results. Early cytotoxic effects of irradiation were not observed for all 4 cell lines. According to mtt and clonogenic tests, the most pronounced effect of bnct was noticed for sw-620 and u87 lines, regardless of boron delivery drug used. For sk-mel28 line, the best effect was achieved after irradiation with liposomal borocaptate. For the primary transplanted embryonic line, high toxicity was revealed when bnct was performed with borphenylalanine and borcaptate.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that the accelerator-based bnct using boron delivery drugs, such as borphenylalanine, borcaptate and liposomal borcaptat, has a positive effect on tumor lines of glioblastoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma.Введение. В институте ядерной физики им. Г.и. Будкера СО РАн был сконструирован источник нейтронов ускорительного типа с параметрами потока, позволяющими проводить эксперименты по бор-нейтронозахватной терапии (БнЗТ). В основе БнЗТ лежит микроядерная реакция внутри клетки, возникающая в результате поглощения нейтрона стабильным изотопом 10B.Целью исследования явилось определение влияния БнЗТ на опухолевые клеточные линии и на первично-перевиваемую эмбриональную линию с использованием борфенилаланина (BPa), боркаптата (BsH) и липосомального боркаптата в качестве препаратов бора.Материал и методы. клеточные культуры человека: глиобластома (u87), колоректальная аденокарцинома  человека (sW-620), меланома человека (sK-Mel28) и первичная эмбриональная клеточная линия были  облучены потоком нейтронов в присутствии препаратов бора с концентрацией 10В 40 мкг/мл.Результаты. Ранних цитотоксических эффектов облучения (через 2–4 ч) в отношении всех 4 линий клеток при окрашивании трипановым синим обнаружено не было. По данным МТТ и клоногенного тестов наиболее выраженное снижение выживаемости после БнЗТ было отмечено для линий sW-620 и u87 вне зависимости от используемого препарата доставки бора. Для линии sK-Mel28 наилучший цитотоксический эффект был достигнут при облучении с липосомальным боркаптатом. Для первично-перевиваемой эмбриональной линии была выявлена высокая токсичность при проведении БнЗТ с препаратами борфенилаланина и боркаптата.Выводы. Анализ полученных данных указывает на эффективность воздействия БнЗТ, проводимой на источнике нейтронов ускорительного типа иЯФ СО РАн, на опухолевые линии глиобластомы, колоректальной  аденокарциномы и меланомы при использовании препаратов борфенилаланин, боркаптат и липосомальный боркапта

ЦИТОПАТИЧЕСКИЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ БОР-НЕЙТРОНОЗАХВАТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ НА УСКОРИТЕЛЬНОМ ИСТОЧНИКЕ ЭПИТЕПЛОВЫХ НЕЙТРОНОВ ДЛЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ КЛЕТОК ГЛИОБЛАСТОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a targeted therapy based on a selective damage to cancer cells due to the interaction between boron-10 isotope and neutron. Reactor-based BNCT has been found to be effective in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. It is believed that compact accelerator-based neutron sources will ensure widespread adoption of the technique in clinical practice. New accelerator-based neutron sources are being actively developed all over the world. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Russia), the accelerator-based neutron source was developed for pre-clinical studies of BNCT.Purpose: to determine the cytopathic effects of accelerator-based BNCT on the human U87-glioblastoma cell line and to select a concentration of boron drugs that do not have a toxic effect on the cells before irradiation in vitro.Material and Methods. To assess the cytopathic effects (MTT test and colony-forming assay) of various concentrations of boron-containing drugs, U87 cells were incubated with boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH) for 1, 2 and 10 days. The effect of BNCT on the U87 cell line was determined using colony-forming assay.Results. The MTT test showed a decrease in cell survival at a boron-10 isotope concentration of 160 μg/ml after 48 hours and 640 μg/ml after 24 hours of incubation for BPA. The cytopathic effects for sodium BSH appeared at a boron concentration of 80 µg / ml after 48 hours of incubation, and survival fraction of cells was reduced to 89 % compared to the control. According to the colonyforming assay, the cytotoxic effects of BSH and BPA at a boron concentration of 40 µg/ml in the medium were 79.6 and 84 %, respectively. The proportions of surviving cells were 18 ± 2 % and 13 ± 2 % after epithermal neutron irradiation in the presence of boronophenylalanine and in the presence of sodium borocaptate, respectively. Cell death without boron drugs occurred due to the neutron elastic scattering, nuclear reactions of thermal neutron capture by hydrogen and nitrogen, and accompanying gamma radiation.Conclusion. The study clearly showed a decrease in the proportion of surviving U87 cells after accelerator-based BNCT in the presence of 10B-enriched BSH and BPA. Бор-нейтронозахватная терапия (БНЗТ) – экспериментальный метод лучевой терапии, основанный на селективном повреждении клеток злокачественных опухолей за счет реакции между изотопом бор-10 и нейтроном. Клинические исследования на ядерных реакторах доказали эффективность данного вида терапии для пациентов с глиомами высокой степени злокачественности. Считается, что широкое внедрение методики в клиническую практику обеспечит компактные источники нейтронов на основе ускорителей заряженных частиц. Во всем мире ведется активная разработка новых ускорительных источников нейтронов, в том числе и в России: в Институте ядерной физики СО РАН был предложен и создан такой источник, на котором в настоящее время проводят доклинические испытания БНЗТ.Цель исследования – определить цитопатические эффекты БНЗТ на ускорителе эпитепловых нейронов для культуры клетки глиобластомы человека U87 и выбрать концентрацию препаратов бора, не оказывающую токсического влияния на клетки до облучения in vitro.Материал и методы. Клетки линии U87 инкубировали с борфенилаланином (BPA) и боркаптатом (BSH) в течение 1, 2 и 10 сут в различных концентрациях. Оценку цитопатических эффектов препаратов бора проводили с помощью МТТ-теста и клоногенного теста. Эффективность БНЗТ на клеточной линии U87 определяли на основании клоногенного теста.Результаты. МТТ-тест показал снижение выживаемости клеток при концентрации изотопа бора-10 в среде 160 мкг/мл через 48 ч и 640 мкг/мл через 24 ч инкубации для BPA. Цитопатические эффекты BSH проявляются при концентрации бора 80 мкг/мл после 48-часовой инкубации, а доля выживших клеток снижается до 89 % по сравнению с контролем. Согласно клоногенному тесту, цитотоксические эффекты препаратов BSH и BPA при концентрации бора в среде 40 мкг/мл составили 79,6 и 84 % соответственно. При облучении клеток эпитепловыми нейтронами в присутствии BPA доля выживших клеток составила 18 ± 2 %, в присутствии BSH – 13 ± 2 %. Гибель клеток без препаратов бора обусловлена упругим рассеянием нейтронов, ядерными реакциями поглощения тепловых нейтронов водородом и азотом и сопутствующим γ-излучением.Заключение. Проведенное исследование наглядно показало уменьшение доли выживших клеток линии U87 после БНЗТ на ускорительном источнике эпитепловых нейтронов в ИЯФ СО РАН в присутствии препаратов BSH и BPA, обогащенных изотопом 10В

Macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness

© Anastasia Kasatova, Dmitry Zakhmatov, 2014. The article analyzes macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness in Russia at the current stage. It studies the level of financing of agribusiness by means of soft-term crediting and subsidization of interest rates on credits. In the article the issue of possibility of reduction or abandonment of government support in relation to accession to the WTO and application of alternative methods of agribusiness financing without losses for financial sector is raised. Mechanism of securitization of credit assets can be a new method of agribusiness financing in Russia. Application of this mechanism will make it possible not only to promote quantitative and qualitative development of the agro-industrial sector, but also contribute to development of the financial sector, improve attractiveness of agriculture, particular regions and the country as a whole, for investment

Macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness

© Anastasia Kasatova, Dmitry Zakhmatov, 2014. The article analyzes macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness in Russia at the current stage. It studies the level of financing of agribusiness by means of soft-term crediting and subsidization of interest rates on credits. In the article the issue of possibility of reduction or abandonment of government support in relation to accession to the WTO and application of alternative methods of agribusiness financing without losses for financial sector is raised. Mechanism of securitization of credit assets can be a new method of agribusiness financing in Russia. Application of this mechanism will make it possible not only to promote quantitative and qualitative development of the agro-industrial sector, but also contribute to development of the financial sector, improve attractiveness of agriculture, particular regions and the country as a whole, for investment

Macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness

© Anastasia Kasatova, Dmitry Zakhmatov, 2014. The article analyzes macroeconomic conditions of interaction between financial sector and agribusiness in Russia at the current stage. It studies the level of financing of agribusiness by means of soft-term crediting and subsidization of interest rates on credits. In the article the issue of possibility of reduction or abandonment of government support in relation to accession to the WTO and application of alternative methods of agribusiness financing without losses for financial sector is raised. Mechanism of securitization of credit assets can be a new method of agribusiness financing in Russia. Application of this mechanism will make it possible not only to promote quantitative and qualitative development of the agro-industrial sector, but also contribute to development of the financial sector, improve attractiveness of agriculture, particular regions and the country as a whole, for investment

The decomposition analysis institutional support of traditionalization and innovatization of russian economy

Variable-based decomposition analysis of traditional and innovative development of national economic systems and forms of its institutional support makes it possible to reveal specific features of the processes that occur in the real and financial sectors of economy, first of all in the sphere of its material production. The sphere of material production in Russia is undertaking a particularly difficult period. The destruction of old institutions that are to govern production activities and the lack of new effective institutions had the most negative impact on material production of the economy. Those Russian industrial enterprises that have survived are under the pressure of tough world competition. Many of them need serious support, including an institutional one. The article focuses on the theory and methodology of origin, functioning, development and transformation of institutions in the process of traditional and innovative development of national economic systems; the authors carry out a diverse contrastive decomposition of national economic systems, reveal the functional role of interaction of traditions, innovations, investments and institutions in Russian economy as well as their controversial poly furcation consequences