Advanced utilization of big data for real-time monitoring and data analytics in Sundom smart grid

Modern technologies are increasingly used in many protection, control and monitoring solutions for power distribution grids. Voltage and current measurements are nowadays usually converted to digital signals, which are further processed and stored in different locations depending on the application. At the same time, when data processing and storing capacity is increasing, the number of new data sources also increases. This means that the data transfer capacity may also need to be increased at different levels in future distribution network management and protection architectures. This paper presents how IEC 61850-9-2 standard based raw data streamed from the Sundom Smart Grid can be processed and utilized for power quality monitoring and analytics applications. Digitalization also enables several other parallel applications since the same data stream can be used for several targets when the connectivity, interoperability and data quality are sufficient. In this paper some of these potential parallel applications are also introduced.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

FUSE – using artificial intelligence in the energy grid of tomorrow

The objective of Future Smart Energy (FUSE), a Finnish-German research and development project, is to develop methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) that will help to increase the resilience of future energy distribution grids. The use cases that are investigated include both condition monitoring/predictive maintenance, and distributed demand-side management in medium-voltage and low-voltage grids. The FUSE concept foresees a hierarchical infrastructure of sensing- and data processing nodes that use AI to transform raw data into information on asset and grid status and performance. FUSE supports the upward flow of data and aggregation of information into high-level visualisations for grid operators, as well as the downward flow of soft control signals that trigger the distributed self-control of assets. This study outlines the FUSE concept and presents the first results.This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Morphology and histology of silent and symptom-causing atherosclerotic carotid plaques - Rationale and design of the Helsinki Carotid Endarterectomy Study 2 (the HeCES2)

Introduction: Every fifth ischemic stroke is caused by thromboembolism originating from an atherosclerotic carotid artery plaque. While prevention is the most cost-effective stroke therapy, antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering drugs have a ceiling effect in their efficacy. Therefore, discovery of novel pathophysiologic targets are needed to improve the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. This article provides a detailed study design and protocol of HeCES2, an observational prospective cohort study with the objective to investigate the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis.Materials and Methods: Recruitment and carotid endarterectomies of the study patients with carotid atherosclerosis were performed from October 2012 to September 2015. After brain and carotid artery imaging, endarterectomised carotid plaques (CPs) and blood samples were collected from 500 patients for detailed biochemical and molecular analyses.Findings to date: We developed a morphological grading for macroscopic characteristics within CPs. The dominant macroscopic CP characteristics were: smoothness 62%, ulceration 61%, intraplaque hemorrhage 60%, atheromatous gruel 59%, luminal coral-type calcification 34%, abundant (44%) and moderate (39%) intramural calcification, and symptom-causing hot spot area 53%.Future plans: By combining clinically oriented and basic biomedical research, this large-scale study attempts to untangle the pathophysiological perplexities of human carotid atherosclerosis.Key MessagesThis article is a rationale and design of the HeCES2 study that is an observational prospective cohort study with the objective to investigate the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis.The HeCES2 study strives to develop diagnostic algorithms including radiologic imaging to identify carotid atherosclerosis patients who warrant surgical treatment.In addition, the study aims at finding out new tools for clinical risk stratification as well as novel molecular targets for drug development.Peer reviewe

Mallitilojen kopioinnin automatisointi

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää ja kehittää talotekniikan tietomallintamisen automatisointiin ohjelma visuaalisella ohjelmointialustalla Dynamolla. Se on ohjelma, jonka avulla voidaan automatisoida samanlaisten huoneiden taloteknisten laitteiden ja putkien piirtoa. Automatisoinnin kehityksen tarve on syntynyt Swecon LVI-kehitysorganisaatiolla. Tarvittiin ohjelma, jonka avulla automatisoinnin avulla tehostettaisiin ja varmistettaisiin suunnittelua ja mahdollistettaisiin mm. luonnosvaiheen suunnitelmien nopea valmistaminen. Sweco Finland Oy on osa kansainvälistä rakennetun ympäristön ja teollisuuden johtavaa asiantuntijayritystä Sweco AB:ta. Tässä opinnäytetyössä perehdytään aluksi kehitystyön ja ohjelman kannalta tärkeimpiin asioihin, kuten siihen mitä talotekniikan suunnittelu ja tietomallintaminen on ja mitä niissä pitää ottaa huomioon. Tämän jälkeen tutustaan tietomallintamisen tärkeimpiin ohjelmistoihin ja tarkemmin siihen, mitä tässä työssä tehtävän automatisointiohjelman kehittämiseen vaaditaan. Kehitystyön aikana ohjelman valmistuksessa ilmenneihin ongelmiin löydettiin ratkaisut. Merkittävimmät ongelmat olivat laitteiden yhdistämiseen tarvittavien liittimien puutteelliset tiedot. Liittimien yhdistämiseksi liittimet tuli yksilöidä niiden geometrian perusteella, minkä jälkeen liittimien parien etsintään käytettiin Python-skriptiä. Lopputuloksena on valmis ohjelma, joka vastaa ohjelmalle annettuihin tavoitteisiin. Ohjelman kehitystyö jatkuu tulevaisuudessa Swecon alaisuudessa

Warfarin Treatment Is Associated to Increased Internal Carotid Artery Calcification

Background: Long-term treatment with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin is widely used for the prevention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. However, vitamin K antagonists may promote arterial calcification, a phenomenon that has been previously studied in coronary and peripheral arteries, but not in extracranial carotid arteries. In this observational cohort study, we investigated whether warfarin treatment is associated with calcification of atherosclerotic carotid arteries. Methods: Overall, 500 consecutive patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, 82 of whom had received long-term warfarin therapy. The extent of calcification was assessed with preoperative computed tomography angiography, and both macroscopic morphological grading and microscopic histological examination of each excised carotid plaque were performed after carotid endarterectomy. Results: Compared with non-users, warfarin users had significantly more computed tomography angiography-detectable vascular calcification in the common carotid arteries (odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.51-4.63, P < 0.001) and even more calcification in the internal carotid arteries near the bifurcation (odds ratio 18.27, 95% confidence interval 2.53-2323, P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that the intramural calcified area in plaques from warfarin users was significantly larger than in plaques from non-users (95% confidence interval 3.36-13.56, P = 0.0018). Conclusions: Long-lasting warfarin anticoagulation associated with increased calcification of carotid atherosclerotic plaques, particularly in locations known to be the predilection sites of stroke-causing plaques. The clinical significance of this novel finding warrants further investigations.Peer reviewe