Malodorous consequences: What comprises negligence in anosmia litigation?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106718/1/alr21257.pd

Metrics for Transparency

Transparency is a novel non-functional requirement for software systems. It is acclaimed to improve the quality of service since it gives users access to information concerning the system's processes, clarifying who is responsible if something goes wrong. Thus, it is believed to support people's right to a secure and private processing of their personal data. We define eight quality metrics for transparency and we demonstrate the usage and the effectiveness of the metrics by assessing transparency on the Microsoft HealthVault, an on-line platform for users to collect, store, and share medical records

Micronuclei in Circulating Tumor Associated Macrophages Predicts Progression in Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Micronuclei (MN) are fragments of damaged nucleic acids which budded from a cell’s nuclei as a repair mechanism for chromosomal instabilities, which within circulating white blood cells (cWBCs) signifies increased cancer risk, and in tumor cells indicates aggressive subtypes. MN form overtime and with therapy induction, which requires sequential monitoring of rarer cell subpopulations. We evaluated the peripheral blood (7.5 mL) for MN in Circulating Stromal Cells (CStCs) in a prospective pilot study of advanced colorectal cancer patients (n = 25), identifying MN by DAPI+ structures (<3 µm) within the cellular cytoplasm. MN+ was compared to genotoxic induction, progression free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HR) over three years. MN were identified in 44% (n = 11/25) of CStCs, but were not associated with genotoxic therapies (p = 0.110) nor stage (p = 0.137). However, presence of MN in CStCs was independently prognostic for PFS (HR = 17.2, 95% CI 3.6–80.9, p = 0.001) and OS (HR = 70.3, 95% CI 6.6–752.8, p = 0.002), indicating a non-interventional mechanism in their formation. Additionally, MN formation did not appear associated with chemotherapy induction, but was correlated with tumor response. MN formation in colorectal cancer is an underlying biological mechanism that appears independent of chemotherapeutic genotoxins, changes during treatment, and predicts for poor clinical outcomes

Micronuclei in Circulating Tumor Associated Macrophages Predicts Progression in Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Micronuclei (MN) are fragments of damaged nucleic acids which budded from a cell’s nuclei as a repair mechanism for chromosomal instabilities, which within circulating white blood cells (cWBCs) signifies increased cancer risk, and in tumor cells indicates aggressive subtypes. MN form overtime and with therapy induction, which requires sequential monitoring of rarer cell subpopulations. We evaluated the peripheral blood (7.5 mL) for MN in Circulating Stromal Cells (CStCs) in a prospective pilot study of advanced colorectal cancer patients (n = 25), identifying MN by DAPI+ structures (p = 0.110) nor stage (p = 0.137). However, presence of MN in CStCs was independently prognostic for PFS (HR = 17.2, 95% CI 3.6–80.9, p = 0.001) and OS (HR = 70.3, 95% CI 6.6–752.8, p = 0.002), indicating a non-interventional mechanism in their formation. Additionally, MN formation did not appear associated with chemotherapy induction, but was correlated with tumor response. MN formation in colorectal cancer is an underlying biological mechanism that appears independent of chemotherapeutic genotoxins, changes during treatment, and predicts for poor clinical outcomes