Real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy controlled buck converter using digital signal processor

This paper deals with the real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy control (DSMFC) for buck converter using digital signal processor (DSP). Applications like electric vehicle suspension control, flight dynamic control, robot position control and engine throttle position control; sliding mode control (SMC) plays a major role. Hardware realization is difficult with SMC strategy due to the continuous gain change results in chattering problem and actuator or contact may break. To resolve this problem the fuzzy logic (FL) approach has combined with the robust technique discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) to develop a new strategy for DSMFC. The mathematical modeling of the controller is done using MATLAB/Simulink software and practical design of the converter is also realized. The robustness of the controller is proved by introducing sudden change in input voltage as well as load with the help of switching circuit in hardware realization. The obtained practical results are verified by comparing with the simulation output and reference value

Characterization and analysis of Gomphonema sp frustule based on SEM/EDS

1576-1579Diatoms are unicellular algae whose cell wall structure is mainly made up of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Frustules were extracted from fresh diatom taxa (Gomphonema sp.) by treating with concentrated HNO3 and HCl. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the diatoms have a valve asymmetrical to apical axis and raphe system is well developed and are unequal size. From significance of energy dispersive X - ray spectroscopy (EDS) examination it was proved that the frustules from diatoms are mainly made up of silicon through amorphous silica (SiO2)

Input-output linearization of DC-DC converter with discrete sliding mode fuzzy control strategy

The major thrust of the paper is on designing a fuzzy logic approach has been combined with a well-known robust technique discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) to develop a new strategy for discrete sliding mode fuzzy control (DSMFC) in direct current (DC-DC) converter. Proposed scheme requires human expertise in the design of the rule base and is inherently stable. It also overcomes the limitation of DSMC, which requires bounds of uncertainty to be known for development of a DSMC control law. The scheme is also applicable to higher order systems unlike model following fuzzy control, where formation of rule base becomes difficult with rise in number of error and error derivative inputs. In this paper the linearization of input-output performance is carried out by the DSMFC algorithm for boost converter. The DSMFC strategy minimizes the chattering problem faced by the DSMC. The simulated performance of a discrete sliding mode fuzzy controller is studied and the results are investigated

An economic production quantity model for three levels of production with Weibull distribution deterioration and shortage

An EPQ model plays an important role in production and manufacturing units. In this paper, we introduce three levels of economic production inventory model for deterioration items in which three different levels of production are considered and the rate of deterioration follows two parameter Weibull distributions. The total cost of production is dependent on production rate, demand rate, and rate of deteriorative items, and it is possible to switch over the production started at one rate to another rate after certain time, such a situation is desirable in the sense that by starting at a low rate of production, a large quantum of stock of manufacturing items at the initial stage is avoided, leading to reduction in the holding cost. The variation in production level provides a way of attaining consumer satisfaction and earning potential profit. The objective of the paper is to find the optimal solution of production time so that total cost of the whole cycle will be minimized. Finally numerical example and sensitivity analysis on parameters are made to validate the results of the proposed inventory system. Keywords: EPQ, Weibull distribution deterioration, Cycle time, Three levels of productio

Bacterial orbital cellulitis – A review

Infections of orbit and periorbita are frequent, leading to significant morbidity. Orbital cellulitis is more common in children and young adults. At any age, infection from the neighboring ethmoid sinuses is a likely cause and is thought to result from anatomical characteristics like thin medial wall, lack of lymphatics, orbital foramina, and septic thrombophlebitis of the valveless veins between the two. Other causes are trauma, orbital foreign bodies, preexisting dental infections, dental procedures, maxillofacial surgeries, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), and retinal buckling procedures. The septum is a natural barrier to the passage of microorganisms. Orbital infections are caused by Gram-positive, Gram-negative organisms and anaerobes in adults and in children, usually by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus species. Individuals older than 15 years of age are more likely to harbor polymicrobial infections. Signs include diffuse lid edema with or without erythema, chemosis, proptosis, and ophthalmoplegia. It is an ocular emergency requiring admission, intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgical intervention. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main modalities to identify the extent, route of spread from adjacent structures, and poor response to intravenous antibiotics and to confirm the presence of complications. If orbital cellulitis is secondary to sinus infection, drainage of pus and establishment of ventilation to the sinus are imperative. Loss of vision can occur due to orbital abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, optic neuritis, central retinal artery occlusion, and exposure keratopathy, and possible systemic sequelae include meningitis, intracranial abscess, osteomyelitis, and death. The article was written by authors after a thorough literature search in the PubMed-indexed journals

Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial efficiency of gold (Au) nanoparticles formulated by green approach using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract

Gold (Au) nanoparticles have flourished a promise for solicitations in biology due to their processability and high performance in the release of therapeutics. The use of leaf substances in the fundamental biosynthesis and manufacturing of nano-phytomedicine is the cooperative effort between plant science and nanotechnology, yielding a green nanostructured material. This study aims to synthesize AuNPs using the extract taken from Andrographis paniculata leaves and to evaluate its efficacy against MCF7 cells and chosen human pathogens. AP-AuNPs were studied with UV, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, SEM and TEM (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). At 533 nm, a peak of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was identified using UV–Visible spectra of AuNPs. The XRD diffraction peaks indicated the crystalline nature of gold nanoparticles. The spherical shape was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering using Particle Size Analyzer measurements revealed a mean particle size of 40 ± 18.6 nm. The research concluded that using gold nanoparticles derived from herbs is contingent on safe dosage and precise formulation, as stated in ancient literature. MCF7 human breast cancer cells have been used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of AuNP. The findings of an oncology investigation revealed that treating cancerous cells using AuNPs drastically diminished the viability of cells. The anti-microbial properties in the primordial herbal-based metal nanoparticles confess the conventional healthcare practice as a progressive approach for contemporary conditions. Based on the investigation, the study inferred that AP-AuNPs are therapeutic in combating human pathogens