Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of n-Hexane Extract of Bilajang Bulu (Merremia Vitifolia) Leaves

One of the most effective treatments for diabetes mellitus is to inhibit α-glucosidase, which inhibits glucose absorption by the epithelium membrane of the small intestine. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Merremia vitifolia is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.  The aims of this study are to (1) assess the extract's ability to inhibit α - glucosidase and (2) identify volatile organic compounds in n-hexane of Merremia vitifolia extract. Extraction was conducted by maceration.  The inhibitory activity of quercetin towards α-glucosidase has the IC50 = 2.53 ± 0.16 µg/mL, and by n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has the IC50 = 14.4 ± 1.52 µg/mL.  Then, n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The compounds that have been identified based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with similarity index ≥ 89% which are caryophyllene (0.94%), (E)-β-famesene (4.72%), neophytadiene (9.78%), phytol (65.94%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (6.71%), 1,5-cyclodecadiene (6.76%), squalene (4.48%), stigmasterol (4.08%), γ-sitosterol (10.20%), Serratol (23.12%), vitamin E (2.78%) and lup-20(29)-en-3-one (21.04%). Based on a literature study, the presence of phytol, neophytadiene, β-caryophyllene, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, and lup-20(29)-en-3-one have contributed to the strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of n-Hexane Extract of Bilajang Bulu (Merremia Vitifolia) Leaves

One of the most effective treatments for diabetes mellitus is to inhibit α-glucosidase, which inhibits glucose absorption by the epithelium membrane of the small intestine. In South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Merremia vitifolia is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.  The aims of this study are to (1) assess the extract's ability to inhibit α - glucosidase and (2) identify volatile organic compounds in n-hexane of Merremia vitifolia extract. Extraction was conducted by maceration.  The inhibitory activity of quercetin towards α-glucosidase has the IC50 = 2.53 ± 0.16 µg/mL, and by n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has the IC50 = 14.4 ± 1.52 µg/mL.  Then, n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves has strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The compounds that have been identified based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with similarity index ≥ 89% which are caryophyllene (0.94%), (E)-β-famesene (4.72%), neophytadiene (9.78%), phytol (65.94%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (6.71%), 1,5-cyclodecadiene (6.76%), squalene (4.48%), stigmasterol (4.08%), γ-sitosterol (10.20%), Serratol (23.12%), vitamin E (2.78%) and lup-20(29)-en-3-one (21.04%). Based on a literature study, the presence of phytol, neophytadiene, β-caryophyllene, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol, and lup-20(29)-en-3-one have contributed to the strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of n-Hexane extract of Merremia vitifolia leaves

Chemical Profiling and Histamine Inhibitory Activity Assessment of Merremia Vitifolia and Bidens Pilosa Extracts

There are two species of plant that grow flourishing all around Indonesia including in Banten and West Java which are Merremia vitifolia and Bidens pilosa. In this study we evaluate how these plants could be potentially used as natural preserver of fish product especially Auxis thazard, to inhibit the histamine formation, and to find out how this activity correlates to the substances in polar extract of B. pilosa flowers and M. vitifolia leaves. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to identify the substances of the plant’s part extracts. There are 27 chemicals in M. vitifolia extract and 14 chemicals in B. pilosa extract that have been detected. A triglyceride has been detected, isolated, and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR from n-hexane extract of M. vitifolia supported by LC-MS/MS data. Histamine formation in fish was determined after 30 min treatment with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid solution is around 40 – 51 mg / 100 g of fish, while treatment with M. vitifolia and Bidens pilosa extracts were less than 10 mg / 100 g of fish. This is the indication of high potential of both extract as preserver of fish products. Many of the identified substances have bioactivity like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and more, which influence the extracts’ ability to inhibit the formation of histamine in fish

Perbandingan Sifat Feroelektrik Pada Sintesis Oksida Logam Aurivillius SrBi4Ti4O15 Empat Lapis Dengan Metode Hidrotermal

Aurivillius compounds, SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBT four layers) have been synthesized by hydrothermal method at 200℃ with variation of times 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours. Single phase of SrBi4Ti4O15 Aurivillius compounds obtained at the 200 ˚ C, 96 hours and the concentration of NaOH 3M. The Rietica program shown the index Miller result is 1 1 5 1 1 3, 0 2 0, 0 2 4, 2 0 8 2 2 0, 0 2 1 0, 3 1 6, 1 1 1 6 and the space group is A21am with the orthorhombic crystal system. Cell parameters are a = 5.5754 Å, b = 5.5456 Å, c = 41.3642. Ferroelectric properties show the value of remanent polarization Pr (+) and Pr (-) 4,61 C/cm2 and 2,75 C/cm2 and that is much lower than the value of remanent polarization of other material that have been synthesized at 240℃, 72 hours with the same method

Adsorption of Indigo Carmine Dye and Copper Ion by Kaolin from Bangka Island

Indigo Carmine (IC) is a synthetic dye that might promote irritations, vomiting, and diarrhea when orally consumed in high concentrations. Copper is a dangerous heavy metal that tends to accumulate in organisms' cells as a pollutant. Hyperproduction of IC and accumulation of copper in water could cause an environmental problem that must be adequately addressed. Kaolin is found abundant on Bangka Island. Based on XRD analysis, Kaolin Island from Bangka Island consists of two important minerals, Kaolinite and Rectorite. Kaolin has chemical and physical properties, which make it useful in several applications, including as an adsorbent. This study aims to evaluate how Kaolin can adsorb copper ion from acid wastewater (pH < 0.5) and determine natural Kaolin's ability to adsorb IC dye from an aqueous solution. Many factors, including mixing time and number of doses of Kaolin, influence Kaolin's ability to absorb IC. The longer the stirring time, the more IC is absorbed. The optimal temperature for IC adsorption is 25˚C. The optimal kaolin dose for IC adsorption is 20% (m/v). Copper concentration after application of Kaolin tends to decrease, with optimal at 25.09% (m/v) dosage for 19.23% copper removal

Peran Tutor dalam Proses Pembelajaran dengan Metode Berorientasi pada Tutee (Bermain, Diskusi, Ceramah)

Melihat kondisi anak-anak di wilayah Pos Dumpit ditemukan kondisi anak-anak yang seharusnya sudah berada di level yang tinggi akan tetapi secara kemampuan masih berada di level yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena keterbatasan perekonomian keluarga dimana mata pencaharian keluarga itu sebagian besar buruh serabutan, kuli cuci piring, dan pemulung. Untuk itu bimbingan belajar Pos Dumpit dengan menghadirkan tutor yang sudah diperlengkapi secara pedagogis dan ilmu pengetahuan didirikan dan bertujuan untuk: Meningkatkan kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan menghitung pada anak-anak dengan cara memberikan pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan pada anak TK dan SD; Membantu anak-anak dalam memahami pelajaran yang sulit di sekolah; Membantu anak-anak dalam menanamkan sikap berjuang melalui belajar yang giat; Membantu anak-anak dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir dan perubahan tingkah laku ke arah yang lebih baik. Metode yang digunakan yaitu bermain, diskusi, dan ceramah, akan tetapi disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dari tutee dan tingkatan. Dengan metode tersebut, tutee semakin termotivasi dan keinginan belajar mereka semakin meningkat dilihat dari antusiasme dalam belajar maupun jumlah kehadiran semakin bertambah

Peran Tutor dalam Proses Pembelajaran dengan Metode Berorientasi pada Tutee (Bermain, Diskusi, Ceramah)

Melihat kondisi anak-anak di wilayah Pos Dumpit ditemukan kondisi anak-anak yang seharusnya sudah berada di level yang tinggi akan tetapi secara kemampuan masih berada di level yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena keterbatasan perekonomian keluarga dimana mata pencaharian keluarga itu sebagian besar buruh serabutan, kuli cuci piring, dan pemulung. Untuk itu bimbingan belajar Pos Dumpit dengan menghadirkan tutor yang sudah diperlengkapi secara pedagogis dan ilmu pengetahuan didirikan dan bertujuan untuk: Meningkatkan kemampuan membaca, menulis, dan menghitung pada anak-anak dengan cara memberikan pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan pada anak TK dan SD; Membantu anak-anak dalam memahami pelajaran yang sulit di sekolah; Membantu anak-anak dalam menanamkan sikap berjuang melalui belajar yang giat; Membantu anak-anak dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir dan perubahan tingkah laku ke arah yang lebih baik. Metode yang digunakan yaitu bermain, diskusi, dan ceramah, akan tetapi disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dari tutee dan tingkatan. Dengan metode tersebut, tutee semakin termotivasi dan keinginan belajar mereka semakin meningkat dilihat dari antusiasme dalam belajar maupun jumlah kehadiran semakin bertambah

Analysis of Hydroquinone in Face Whitening Cream by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry and GC-MS Spectrometry

The analytical method to determine the compound content in both food and cosmetic products must be carried out carefully to ensure the validity of the analysis results. Hydroquinone has been widely found to be used as an active whitening agent in whitening cream. Technological advances have led to illegal whitening creams becoming more accessible online. This study aims to examine the hydroquinone content in the whitening samples cream purchased from e-commerce by various analytical methods, such as FeCl3 reagent, cerimetric titration, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and GC-MS spectrometer compared to the positive control hydroquinone. The results of the hydroquinone content by cerimetric titration and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods were calculated quantitatively. Furthermore, the result compared through statistical tests showed a consistent hydroquinone content for both methods. Contrariwise, the GC-MS method showed negative results due to differences in the extraction process and solvent solubility. Based on the result obtained, can be concluded that all samples of whitening cream did not meet the requirements of BPOM No. 23 of 2019.&nbsp

Impregnasi Ekstrak Bunga Kiacret (Spathodea campanulata) Menggunakan Kaolin Pulau Bangka

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh impregnasi kaolin Pulau Bangka terhadap serapan terhadap ekstrak bunga kiacret dengan pelarut n-heksana. Impregnasi kaolin-ekstrak bunga kiacret dengan pelarut n-heksana ianalisis menggunakan FTIR dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Berdasarkan analisis FTIR terjadi pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada 780 cm-1 ke 718 cm-1. Selain itu adanya pergeseran bilangan gelombang ekstrak bunga kiacret dari 1063 cm-1 ke 1044 cm-1 pada ekstrak bunga-kaolin teraktivasi. Spektra UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kaolin (variasi 2 gram) menyebabkan daerah serapan ekstrak kiacret n-heksana mengalami pelebaran hingga 404 cm

Antioxidant Activity of 96% Ethanol Extract of Pepaya Jepang Leaves (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst) Using DPPH Method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)

Free radicals in the human body can be helped neutralized by natural antioxidants derived from plants. Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M.Johnst) contains antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. This study examined the antioxidant activity of 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius leaves. Maceration of C. aconitifolius leaves using 96% ethanol solvent, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity assay was carried out with 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazil (DPPH) on 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius. Extraction obtained a yield of 16.1834%, and phytochemical screening on the 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, and steroids. The antioxidant activity assay on 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius had an IC50 value of 145.3855 ppm and an IC50 value of vitamin C of 7.0806 ppm. The Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) of 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius was 0.4127, and the AAI of vitamin C was 8.4739. Based on the results obtained, although in a weak classification, a 96% ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius leaves has antioxidant activity