Kapasitiivinen mittaus robotin z-suuntaiseen positioon

This Master of Science thesis presents mechanical, electrical, measurement and software design and implementation for robot end effector with capacitive tactile force sensor. This end effector is designed to measure both touch and force in z-axis direction and then used in automated testing of smart devices. Various mechanical and electrical designs can be used in the design of a tactile force sensor. The chosen design is always application driven. Selection of measurement technology and decisions made during the design are dependent on the use case and the demands of the application. Different technologies are introduced and one of them is chosen. The selection is justified on the base of preferred attributes. The designed tactile sensor, with changeable spring steel flexure sheets, is a proof of concept that force sensing can be made affordable and capacitive technology can be used in it. The sensor with 0.1 mm thick spring steel flexure pair is capable to measure forces from 0 g to 70 g with resolution of 2.36g, precision of 1 g, hysteresis of 0.5% and linearity error of ± 1%. In touch sensing of the surface in the direction of z-axis, the sensor performs reliably under 3 milliseconds. In force sensing, the previously used methods have always leaned towards commercial solutions which are often expensive and the new design offers an alternative option for this

Geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic

Aim Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait-geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities. Location High-Arctic Svalbard, low-Arctic Greenland and sub-Arctic Fennoscandia. Time period 2011-2018. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We collected field-quantified data on vegetation, geomorphological processes, microclimate and soil properties from 5,280 plots and 200 species across the three Arctic regions. We combined these data with database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to dominant geomorphological processes of the Arctic, namely cryoturbation, deflation, fluvial processes and solifluction. We investigated the relationship between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes using hierarchical generalized additive modelling. Results Our results demonstrate that community-level traits are related to geomorphological processes, with cryoturbation most strongly influencing both structural and leaf economic traits. These results were consistent across regions, suggesting a coherent biome-level trait response to geomorphological processes. Main conclusions The results indicate that geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of generalizable relationships between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes. The results indicate that the relationships are consistent across these three distinct tundra regions and that geomorphological processes should be considered in future investigations of functional traits.Peer reviewe

Geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic

Aim Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait-geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities. Location High-Arctic Svalbard, low-Arctic Greenland and sub-Arctic Fennoscandia. Time period 2011-2018. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We collected field-quantified data on vegetation, geomorphological processes, microclimate and soil properties from 5,280 plots and 200 species across the three Arctic regions. We combined these data with database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to dominant geomorphological processes of the Arctic, namely cryoturbation, deflation, fluvial processes and solifluction. We investigated the relationship between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes using hierarchical generalized additive modelling. Results Our results demonstrate that community-level traits are related to geomorphological processes, with cryoturbation most strongly influencing both structural and leaf economic traits. These results were consistent across regions, suggesting a coherent biome-level trait response to geomorphological processes. Main conclusions The results indicate that geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of generalizable relationships between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes. The results indicate that the relationships are consistent across these three distinct tundra regions and that geomorphological processes should be considered in future investigations of functional traits.Peer reviewe

Kielletyt aineet ja menetelmät urheilussa ja erivapaus urheilijan lääkityksessä

Dopingvalvonnan alaiset kilpaurheilijat sairastavat ja voivat tarvita hoitoa lääkkeillä tai menetelmillä, jot‑ ka ovat kiellettyjen aineiden ja menetelmien luettelossa. Urheilussa kielletyt lääkeaineet voi tarkistaa Suomessa myyntiluvallisten valmisteiden osalta ”Kielletyt aineet ja menetelmät urheilussa” (KAMU) ‑lää‑ kehaun avulla. Mikäli tasomäärittelyn piiriin kuuluvan urheilijan sairauden hoito vaatii jonkin kielletyn lääkeaineen käyttöä, hoidolle voidaan hakea erivapautta. Erivapauden hakuohjeistukseen löytyy linkki KAMUsta ja SUEKin sivuilta (1). Dopingvalvonta on tehostunut analyysi- ja testausmenetelmien kehit‑ tyessä. Tehokas antidopingtoiminta vähentää urheilussa kiellettyjen aineiden väärinkäyttöä ja niiden ai‑ heuttamia terveyshaittoja sekä tukee puhtaiden urheilijoiden tasavertaista kilpailua.</p

Kielletyt aineet ja menetelmät urheilussa ja erivapaus urheilijan lääkityksessä

Vertaisarvioitu.Dopingvalvonnan alaiset kilpaurheilijat sairastavat ja voivat tarvita hoitoa lääkkeillä tai menetelmillä, jotka ovat kiellettyjen aineiden ja menetelmien luettelossa. Urheilussa kielletyt lääkeaineet voi tarkistaa Suomessa myyntiluvallisten valmisteiden osalta "Kielletyt aineet ja menetelmät urheilussa" (KAMU) -lääkehaun avulla. Mikäli tasomäärittelyn piiriin kuuluvan urheilijan sairauden hoito vaatii jonkin kielletyn lääkeaineen käyttöä, hoidolle voidaan hakea erivapautta. Erivapauden hakuohjeistukseen löytyy linkki KAMUsta ja SUEKin sivuilta (1). Dopingvalvonta on tehostunut analyysi- ja testausmenetelmien kehittyessä. Tehokas antidopingtoiminta vähentää urheilussa kiellettyjen aineiden väärinkäyttöä ja niiden aiheuttamia terveyshaittoja sekä tukee puhtaiden urheilijoiden tasavertaista kilpailua.Peer reviewe

Heart Rate Dynamics after Exercise in Cardiac Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: The incidence of cardiovascular events is higher in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes (CAD + T2D) than in CAD patients without T2D. There is increasing evidence that the recovery phase after exercise is a vulnerable phase for various cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that autonomic regulation differs in CAD patients with and without T2D during post-exercise condition. Methods: A symptom-limited maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer was performed for 68 CAD + T2D patients (age 61 ± 5 years, 78% males, ejection fraction (EF) 67 ± 8, 100% on β-blockade), and 64 CAD patients (age 62 ± 5 years, 80% males, EF 64 ± 8, 100% on β-blockade). Heart rate (HR) recovery after exercise was calculated as the slope of HR during the first 60 s after cessation of exercise (HRRslope). R–R intervals were measured before (5 min) and after exercise from 3 to 8 min, both in a supine position. R–R intervals were analyzed using time and frequency methods and a detrended fluctuation method (α1). Results: BMI was 30 ± 4 vs. 27 ± 3 kg m2 (p < 0.001); maximal exercise capacity, 6.5 ± 1.7 vs. 7.7 ± 1.9 METs (p < 0.001); maximal HR, 128 ± 19 vs. 132 ± 18 bpm (p = ns); and HRRslope, −0.53 ± 0.17 vs. −0.62 ± 0.15 beats/s (p = 0.004), for CAD patients with and without T2D, respectively. There was no differences between the groups in HRRslope after adjustment for METs, BMI, and medication (ANCOVA, p = 0.228 for T2D and, e.g., p = 0.030 for METs). CAD + T2D patients had a higher HR at rest than non-diabetic patients (57 ± 10 vs. 54 ± 6 bpm, p = 0.030), but no other differences were observed in HR dynamics at rest or in post-exercise condition. Conclusion: HR recovery is delayed in CAD + T2D patients, suggesting impairment of vagal activity and/or augmented sympathetic activity after exercise. Blunted HR recovery after exercise in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients is more closely related to low exercise capacity and obesity than to T2D itself

Geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic

AIM : Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait–geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities. LOCATION : High-Arctic Svalbard, low-Arctic Greenland and sub-Arctic Fennoscandia. TIME PERIOD : 2011–2018. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED : Vascular plants. METHODS : We collected field-quantified data on vegetation, geomorphological processes, microclimate and soil properties from 5,280 plots and 200 species across the three Arctic regions. We combined these data with database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to dominant geomorphological processes of the Arctic, namely cryoturbation, deflation, fluvial processes and solifluction. We investigated the relationship between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes using hierarchical generalized additive modelling. RESULTS : Our results demonstrate that community-level traits are related to geomorphological processes, with cryoturbation most strongly influencing both structural and leaf economic traits. These results were consistent across regions, suggesting a coherent biome-level trait response to geomorphological processes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate that geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of generalizable relationships between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes. The results indicate that the relationships are consistent across these three distinct tundra regions and that geomorphological processes should be considered in future investigations of functional traits.DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: Data and code are openly available (Kemppinen et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6410638).Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland.Nessling foundation and the Kone Foundation.Carl Tryggers Stiftelse.Academy of Finland Flagship fundingAcademy of FinlandFinnish Cultural FoundationArctic Interactions at the University of Oulu; Academy of Finland; Nessling Foundation; the Kone Foundation; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse and Finnish Cultural Foundation.http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/gebPlant Production and Soil Scienc

Genome-wide characterization of circulating metabolic biomarkers

Genome-wide association analyses using high-throughput metabolomics platforms have led to novel insights into the biology of human metabolism1,2,3,4,5,6,7. This detailed knowledge of the genetic determinants of systemic metabolism has been pivotal for uncovering how genetic pathways influence biological mechanisms and complex diseases8,9,10,11. Here we present a genome-wide association study for 233 circulating metabolic traits quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in up to 136,016 participants from 33 cohorts. We identify more than 400 independent loci and assign probable causal genes at two-thirds of these using manual curation of plausible biological candidates. We highlight the importance of sample and participant characteristics that can have significant effects on genetic associations. We use detailed metabolic profiling of lipoprotein- and lipid-associated variants to better characterize how known lipid loci and novel loci affect lipoprotein metabolism at a granular level. We demonstrate the translational utility of comprehensively phenotyped molecular data, characterizing the metabolic associations of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Finally, we observe substantial genetic pleiotropy for multiple metabolic pathways and illustrate the importance of careful instrument selection in Mendelian randomization analysis, revealing a putative causal relationship between acetone and hypertension. Our publicly available results provide a foundational resource for the community to examine the role of metabolism across diverse diseases