A learning-based multiscale model for reactive flow in porous media

We study solute-laden flow through permeable geological formations with a focus on advection-dominated transport and volume reactions. As the fluid flows through the permeable medium, it reacts with the medium, thereby changing the morphology and properties of the medium; this in turn, affects the flow conditions and chemistry. These phenomena occur at various lengths and time scales, and makes the problem extremely complex. Multiscale modeling addresses this complexity by dividing the problem into those at individual scales, and systematically passing information from one scale to another. However, accurate implementation of these multiscale methods are still prohibitively expensive. We present a methodology to overcome this challenge that is computationally efficient and quantitatively accurate. We introduce a surrogate for the solution operator of the lower scale problem in the form of a recurrent neural operator, train it using one-time off-line data generated by repeated solutions of the lower scale problem, and then use this surrogate in application-scale calculations. The result is the accuracy of concurrent multiscale methods, at a cost comparable to those of classical models. We study various examples, and show the efficacy of this method in understanding the evolution of the morphology, properties and flow conditions over time in geological formations

Perception of Musical Emotion in the Students with Congenital and Acquired Hearing Loss

ObjectiveHearing loss can affect the perception of emotional reaction to the music.The present study investigated whether the students with congenital hearingloss exposed to the deaf culture, percept the same emotion from the musicas students with acquired hearing loss.Materials & MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups; 30 students with bilaterallycongenital moderate to severe hearing loss that were selected from deafschools located in Tehran, Iran and 30 students with an acquired hearingloss with the same degree of hearing loss selected from Amiralam Hospital,Tehran, Iran and compared with the group of 30 age and gender-matchednormal hearing subjects served our control in 2012. The musical stimuliconsisted of three different sequences of music, (sadness, happiness, andfear) each with the duration of 60 sec. The students were asked to point tothe lists of words that best matched with their emotions.ResultsEmotional perception of sadness, happiness, and fear in congenital hearingloss children was significantly poorly than acquired hearing loss andnormal hearing group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference inthe emotional perception of sadness, happiness, and fear among the groupof acquired hearing loss and normal hearing group (P=0.75), (P=1) and(P=0.16) respectively.ConclusionNeural plasticity induced by hearing assistant devises may be affectedby the time when a hearing aid was first fitted and how the auditorysystem responds to the reintroduction of certain sounds via amplification.Therefore, children who experienced auditory input of different soundpatterns in their early childhood will show more perceptual flexibility indifferent situations than the children with congenital hearing loss and Deafcultur

Green and practical synthesis of benzopyran and 3-sunstituted coumarin derivatives by Brønsted acid ionic liquid [(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4]

Different benzopyran and 3-substituted coumarin derivatives were synthesized by a green and practical procedure in the presence of catalytic amount of Brønsted acid ionic liquid (BAIL) [(CH2)4SO3HMIM][HSO4] in water.KEY WORDS: Benzopyran derivatives, 3-Substituted coumarin derivatives, Brønsted acid ionic liquid, 1-(4-Sulfonic acid)butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2011, 25(2), 315-320.

Design, synthesis and Anti-cholinesterase activity of indole-Isoxazole carbohydrazide derivatives

A novel series of carbohydrazide indole-isoxazole hybrid derivatives have been synthesized. All the title compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR spectral data. The in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity of all the compounds were evaluated. Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) has emerged as the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases and the main cause of dementia, which is very common in elder population with high morbidity in such a manner that the daily activity of patients is completely affected by the resulting cognitive impairments. In recent years, most of therapeutic treatments for AD has focused on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to increase the level of ACh in cholinergic synaptic cleft. Indole and its derivatives are very important heterocyclic compounds in drug-discovery studies that exhibit diverse range of biological activities like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Herein, in this study on the synthesis of bioactive compounds, we describe design, synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of N-benzylidene-5-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carbohydrazide. Methods and Results: The title compounds were prepared via the 5-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carbohydrazide which is key intermediate for the production of the desired compounds. Condensation with carbaldehydes in water and acetic acid afforded the title compounds. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and IR spectral data. The in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity of all the compounds were evaluated. Conclusions: The target compounds were obtained from proper aldehydes and N-benzylidene-5-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carbohydrazide condensation with good to excellent yields. The AChE and BuChE inhibition activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated

A Survey on Deep Learning Role in Distribution Automation System : A New Collaborative Learning-to-Learning (L2L) Concept

This paper focuses on a powerful and comprehensive overview of Deep Learning (DL) techniques on Distribution Automation System (DAS) applications to provide a complete viewpoint of modern power systems. DAS is a crucial approach to increasing the reliability, quality, and management of distribution networks. Due to the importance of development and sustainable security of DAS, the use of DL data-driven technology has grown significantly. DL techniques have blossomed rapidly, and have been widely applied in several fields of distribution systems. DL techniques are suitable for dynamic, decision-making, and uncertain environments such as DAS. This survey has provided a comprehensive review of the existing research into DL techniques on DAS applications, including fault detection and classification, load and energy forecasting, demand response, energy market forecasting, cyber security, network reconfiguration, and voltage control. Comparative results based on evaluation criteria are also addressed in this manuscript. According to the discussion and results of studies, the use and development of hybrid methods of DL with other methods to enhance and optimize the configuration of the techniques are highlighted. In all matters, hybrid structures accomplish better than single methods as hybrid approaches hold the benefit of several methods to construct a precise performance. Due to this, a new smart technique called Learning-to-learning (L2L) based DL is proposed that can enhance and improve the efficiency, reliability, and security of DAS. The proposed model follows several stages that link different DL algorithms to solve modern power system problems. To show the effectiveness and merit of the L2L based on the proposed framework, it has been tested on a modified reconfigurable IEEE 32 test system. This method has been implemented on several DAS applications that the results prove the decline of mean square errors by approximately 12% compared to conventional LSTM and GRU methods in terms of prediction fields.©2022 Authors. Published by IEEE. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Dimensional Distortion of Four Types of Intracanal Posts on CBCT Scans with Different Fields of View and Resolutions

Objectives This study assessed the dimensional distortion of four types of intracanal posts on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with two different fields of view (FOV) in high and standard resolution modes. Methods This in vitro study evaluated 40 extracted single-rooted maxillary central incisors that underwent root canal treatment. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10) for placement of non-tapered brass, silver, titanium and stainless steel (SS) intracanal posts. The diameter of the posts was measured at two reference points by a digital caliper (gold standard). The teeth underwent CBCT with 8 x 8 and 8 x 12 cm FOV with high and standard resolution modes. The post diameters were measured on axial CBCT images at the same reference points and compared with the gold standard. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and paired and independent sample t-test. Results Significant differences were noted between the radiographic diameter of the posts and their actual size (P<0.05). Titanium posts (40.25%) showed minimum percentage of dimensional distortion followed by brass (54%), silver (62.5%) and SS (70.17%) posts. High-resolution images with 8 x 8 cm FOV yielded minimum dimensional distortion (40.6%) followed by high-resolution images with 8 x 12 cm FOV (45.75%), standard-resolution images with 8 x 8 cm FOV (68.75%), and standard-resolution images with 8 x 12 cm FOV (72.1%). Conclusion All metal posts showed significant dimensional distortion on CBCT scans, irrespective of the FOV size and resolution mode. SS posts yielded maximum, and titanium posts showed minimum dimensional distortion

A REVIEW ON CYDONIA OBLONGA MILLER AS AN HERBAL MEDICINE

Almost all parts of medicinal plant Cydonia oblonga Mill., known as “Quince” belonging to Rosaceae family, such as seeds, buds, leaves, fruit and peel are used to prevent or treat several ailments such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcer, respiratory, and urinary infections, etc. It is rich in useful secondary metabolites such as phenolics, pectin, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, sugars, organic acids, glycosides and essential oils with a wide range of pharmacological activities like cardiovascular, hypoglycemic, nephro, hepato and UV-protective, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-atherosclerotic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, diuretic, antidiarrheal, antidepressant, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used as a single drug or as an ingredient in various formulations such as syrup, extract, confection, semisolid preparations and pill. This review focuses on detailed investigations of pharmacological and phytomedicinal attributes of the plant, from past to present, which are reported in Books and Scientific Journals. Keywords: Quince, Cydonia oblonga, Herbal Medicine, Pharmacological Effects

Knowledge and Attitude About Research Ethics Among Iranian Dental Students

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the students of Kerman dental school (Iran) about ethics in dental research. Material and Methods: This cross-section study was conducted on 307 dental students selected through the census sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 12 items about knowledge and 17 items about attitude toward research ethics. Data analyzed in SPSS software using t-test and linear regression test. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the respondents, 33.9% were male and 66.1% were female, and 44% had good knowledge and 20.8% had a positive attitude about research ethics. A significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude. A significant correlation was also observed between knowledge and participation in research workshops. Knowledge and attitude showed no significant correlation with gender or year of admission. Conclusion: Participants had appropriate knowledge and attitude about research ethics. There is some room for improvement in research ethics education concerning experimental works and retrospective studies on biologic samples. Holding research workshops with an introduction to ethical codes of research is recommended