115 research outputs found
Social Media in the Dental School Environment, Part A: Benefits, Challenges, and Recommendations for Use
Social media consist of powerful tools that impact not only communication but relationships among people, thus posing an inherent challenge to the traditional standards of who we are as dental educators and what we can expect of each other. This article examines how the world of social media has changed dental education. Its goal is to outline the complex issues that social media use presents for academic dental institutions and to examine these issues from personal, professional, and legal perspectives. After providing an update on social media, the article considers the advantages and risks associated with the use of social media at the interpersonal, professional, and institutional levels. Policies and legal issues of which academic dental institutions need to be aware from a compliance perspective are examined, along with considerations and resources needed to develop effective social media policies. The challenge facing dental educators is how to capitalize on the benefits that social media offer, while minimizing risks and complying with the various forms of legal constraint
Social Media in the Dental School Environment, Part B: Curricular Considerations
The goal of this article is to describe the broad curricular constructs surrounding teaching and learning about social media in dental education. This analysis takes into account timing, development, and assessment of the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors needed to effectively use social media tools as a contemporary dentist. Three developmental stages in a student’s path to becoming a competent professional are described: from undergraduate to dental student, from the classroom and preclinical simulation laboratory to the clinical setting, and from dental student to licensed practitioner. Considerations for developing the dental curriculum and suggestions for effective instruction at each stage are offered. In all three stages in the future dentist’s evolution, faculty members need to educate students about appropriate professional uses of social media. Faculty members should provide instruction on the beneficial aspects of this communication medium and help students recognize the potential pitfalls associated with its use. The authors provide guidelines for customizing instruction to complement each stage of development, recognizing that careful timing is not only important for optimal learning but can prevent inappropriate use of social media as students are introduced to novel situations
A Meta- and Trial Sequential Analysis
Objectives Periodontal treatment might reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. The
efficacy of periodontal treatment to prevent preterm birth, low birth weight,
and perinatal mortality was evaluated using meta-analysis and trial sequential
analysis. Methods An existing systematic review was updated and meta-analyses
performed. Risk of bias, heterogeneity, and publication bias were evaluated,
and meta-regression performed. Subgroup analysis was used to compare different
studies with low and high risk of bias and different populations, i.e., risk
groups. Trial sequential analysis was used to assess risk of random errors.
Results Thirteen randomized clinical trials evaluating 6283 pregnant women
were meta-analyzed. Four and nine trials had low and high risk of bias,
respectively. Overall, periodontal treatment had no significant effect on
preterm birth (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.79 [0.57-1.10]) or low
birth weight (0.69 [0.43-1.13]). Trial sequential analysis demonstrated that
futility was not reached for any of the outcomes. For populations with
moderate occurrence (<20%) of preterm birth or low birth weight, periodontal
treatment was not efficacious for any of the outcomes, and trial sequential
analyses indicated that further trials might be futile. For populations with
high occurrence (≥20%) of preterm birth and low birth weight, periodontal
treatment seemed to reduce the risk of preterm birth (0.42 [0.24-0.73]) and
low birth weight (0.32 [0.15-0.67]), but trial sequential analyses showed that
firm evidence was not reached. Periodontal treatment did not significantly
affect perinatal mortality, and firm evidence was not reached. Risk of bias,
but not publication bias or patients’ age modified the effect estimates.
Conclusions Providing periodontal treatment to pregnant women could
potentially reduce the risks of perinatal outcomes, especially in mothers with
high risks. Conclusive evidence could not be reached due to risks of bias,
risks of random errors, and unclear effects of confounding. Further randomized
clinical trials are required
The Status of Interdisciplinary Education in Advanced Education Programs at U.S. Dental Schools
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153615/1/jddjde018126.pd
Use of Lecture Recordings in Dental Education: Assessment of Status Quo and Recommendations
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153739/1/jddj0022033720137711tb05619x.pd
Expression levels of novel cytokine IL-32 in periodontitis and its role in the suppression of IL-8 production by human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Background:IL-32 was recently found to be elevated in the tissue of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by polymicrobial infections that result in soft tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss. Although IL-32 is also thought to be associated with periodontal disease, its expression and possible role in periodontal tissue remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the expression patterns of IL-32 in healthy and periodontally diseased gingival tissue. The expression of IL-32 in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) as well as effects of autocrine IL-32 on IL-8 production from HGF were also examined.Methods:Periodontal tissue was collected from both healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients, and immunofluorescent staining was performed in order to determine the production of IL-32. Using real-time PCR and ELISA, mRNA expression and protein production of IL-32 in HGF, stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), were also investigated.Results:Contrary to our expectation, the production of IL-32 in the periodontitis patients was significantly lower than in the healthy volunteers. According to immunofluorescent microscopy, positive staining for IL-32 was detected in prickle and basal cell layers in the epithelium as well as fibroblastic cells in connective tissue. Addition of fixed Pg in vitro was found to suppress the otherwise constitutive expression of IL-32 mRNA and protein in HGF. However, recombinant IL-32 in vitro inhibited the expression of IL-8 mRNA by HGF stimulated with Pg. Interestingly, anti-IL-32 neutralizing antibody upregulated the IL-8 mRNA expression in non-stimulated HGF, indicating that constitutive expression of IL-32 in HGF suppressed IL-8 mRNA expression in the absence of bacterial stimulation.Conclusion:These results indicate that IL-32 is constitutively produced by HGF which can be suppressed by Pg and may play a role in the downregulation of inflammatory responses, such as IL-8 production, in periodontal tissue
Gene Expression Dynamics During Bone Healing and Osseointegration
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141010/1/jper1007.pd
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