Determination of cadmium, nickel, lead and vanadium concentrations in white Indian prawn sold in Shiraz town

زمینه و هدف: با گسترش آلاینده ها در محیط زیست و وابستگی انسان به محیط برای تأمین مواد غذایی و سایر نیازها، بررسی در مورد انواع آلودگی به خصوص آب ها و سایر آبزیان حائز اهمیت می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی و تعیین میزان غلظت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم (Cd)، نیکل (Ni)، سرب (Pb) و وانادیوم (V) در عضلات و پوست میگوی سفید هندی (Fenneropenaeus indicus) خوراکی در شهرستان شیراز بوده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی در پاییز سال 1390 با مراجعه به بازار عمده عرضه آبزیان تعداد 120 نمونه میگو به صورت تصادفی از سطح شهر شیراز تهیه شد. آماده سازی و آنالیز نمونه ها مطابق با دستورالعمل های توصیه شده صورت پذیرفته و میزان فلزات سنگین با دستگاه نشر اتمی (ICP) مدل Varian V10-ES تعیین و با مقادیر توصیه شده استاندارهای جهانی WHO و FAO مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر کادمیوم، نیکل، سرب و وانادیوم در نمونه های مورد مطالعه در بافت عضله به ترتیب برابر با 45/0±08/1، 25/1±62/8، 1/2±63/1 و 93/0±61/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم و در پوست 38/0±28/1، 53/1±61/7، 6/4±15/7 و 45/0±4/1 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم وزن بدن اندازه گیری گردید. میزان فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، سرب و وانادیوم در پوست میگو و میزان نیکل در عضله میگو در مقایسه با یکدیگر بیشتر بود (05/0

Mapping the intellectual structure of the coronavirus field (2000-2020): a co-word analysis

Over the two last decades, coronaviruses have affected human life in different ways, especially in terms of health and economy. Due to the profound effects of novel coronaviruses, growing tides of research are emerging in various research fields. This paper employs a co-word analysis approach to map the intellectual structure of the coronavirus literature for a better understanding of how coronavirus research and the disease itself have developed during the target timeframe. A strategic diagram has been drawn to depict the coronavirus domain’s structure and development. A detailed picture of coronavirus literature has been extracted from a huge number of papers to provide a quick overview of the coronavirus literature. The main themes of past coronavirus-related publications are (a) “Antibody- Virus Interactions,” (b) “Emerging Infectious Diseases,” (c) “Protein Structure-based Drug Design and Antiviral Drug Discovery,” (d) “Coronavirus Detection Methods,” (e) “Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity,” and (f) “Animal Coronaviruses.” The emerging infectious diseases are mostly related to fatal diseases (such as Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19) and animal coronaviruses (including porcine, turkey, feline, canine, equine, and bovine coronaviruses and infectious bronchitis virus), which are capable of placing animal-dependent industries such as the swine and poultry industries under strong economic pressure. Although considerable research into coronavirus has been done, this unique field has not yet matured sufficiently. Therefore, “Antibody-virus Interactions,” “Emerging Infectious Diseases,” and “Coronavirus Detection Methods” hold interesting, promising research gaps to be both explored and filled in the future

Viable medical waste chain network design by considering risk and robustness

Medical waste management (MWM) is an important and necessary problem in the COVID-19 situation for treatment staff. When the number of infectious patients grows up, the amount of MWMs increases day by day. We present medical waste chain network design (MWCND) that contains health center (HC), waste segregation (WS), waste purchase contractor (WPC), and landfill. We propose to locate WS to decrease waste and recover them and send them to the WPC. Recovering medical waste like metal and plastic can help the environment and return to the production cycle. Therefore, we proposed a novel viable MWCND by a novel two-stage robust stochastic programming that considers resiliency (flexibility and network complexity) and sustainable (energy and environment) requirements. Therefore, we try to consider risks by conditional value at risk (CVaR) and improve robustness and agility to demand fluctuation and network. We utilize and solve it by GAMS CPLEX solver. The results show that by increasing the conservative coefficient, the confidence level of CVaR and waste recovery coefficient increases cost function and population risk. Moreover, increasing demand and scale of the problem makes to increase the cost function

The risk factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation following stem cell transplantation

Objective: Opportunistic infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV) are among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematipoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This infection is frequently seen in early postengraftment period. So we determined to find the risk factors associated with CMV reactivation. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 126 consecutive patients who underwent allogenic-HSCT from peripheral blood stem cells from August 2011 to February 2013 in Shariati Hospital. We included HSCT patients with 15 years of age or older, who survived at least 100 days after transplantation. CMV reactivation was detected based on the weekly PP65 assessment. Patients with 10 or more positive cells per 50,000 cells were defined as having high-level antigenemia. Findings: From 126 patients which included in this study, 76 were male (60%). CMV antigenemia was documented in 43 patients (34%). The median time to CMV infection was 40 days (range: 3–77) after transplantation. The incidence of high-level antigenemia during the first 100 days following HSCT was 11%. Conclusion: We found that the significant risk factor for CMV antigenemia in multivariate analysis was prior graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) experience and higher donor age. For high-level antigenemia, GVHD or duration of its treatment was significant determinant

Resilience and sustainable supply chain network design by considering renewable energy

Nowadays, using renewable energy (RE) is faster growing by each country. The managerial and designer of supply chain network design (SCND) have to plan to apply RE in pillars of supply chain (SC). This research indicates resilience and sustainable SCND by considering RE (RSSCNDRE) for the first time. A two-stage new robust stochastic optimization is embedded for RSSCNDRE. The first stage locates facility location and RE and the second stage defines flow quantity between SC components. We solve the model by GAMS-CPLEX solver to locate components of SC and RE. Effects of changing conservative coefficient and demand are investigated and by increasing 20% for conservative coefficient, the cost function increase by 0.5%. Also, when demand is high, activating RE is economically feasible and we cannot buy and supply energy by the government power network and have to supply energy by RE. After activating RE, by increasing 20% for demand, the cost function increases by 6%. We contribute fix-and-optimize strategy to define the upper bound for a large-scale problem. The proposed upper bound for the main model is less than 10% and appropriate for estimating the cost of large-scale problems. This research suggested to equip SC by RE that SC becomes resilient against demand fluctuation and sustainable energy resource compatible with sustainable development goal (SGD7)

Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Vitamin B1 on Pain Due to Corneal Neuropathy after Cataract Surgery

Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of low vision and blindness in the world, and the only effective treatment for cataract vision impairment is surgery, which has common complications such as eye pain and burning, inflammation, and postoperative headache. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe effect of vitamin B1 on oral pain on corneal neuropathy after cataract surgery in Jiroft.Method and Materials: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on cataract patients who were candidates for surgery and referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft in 2020. Demographic information was collected through a designed checklist and the Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) was used to measure postoperative severity in the eye. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-V21 software.Results: In this study, 130 patients with cataracts (intervention group: 65 and control group: 65) were studied. The intervention group consisted of 27 men (41.5 %) and 38 women (58.5 %) and the control group consisted of 25 men (38.5 %) and 40 women (61.5 %). On the third day and one week after surgery, there was no significant difference in the amount of eye pain and irritation caused by surgery in the intervention and controlgroups, and in the three months after surgery, the intervention group had mild eye pain and irritation.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that taking vitamin B1 orally affects eye irritation and pain caused by corneal neuropathy after cataract surgery and reduces eye irritation and pain intensity during 3months