Stroke Knowledge Test

The Stroke Knowledge Test (SKT) was developed with the intention of helping people with Stroke. Stroke is a serious and common health problem. The SKT is intended for use by health professionals working in the area of stroke. The test can be used one-on-one or in group settings. It can be used to assess stroke knowledge among survivors, people at risk of stroke, carers and family members, or support staff working with people who have had stroke. The aim of this test is to provide a benchmark against which changes in stroke knowledge and understanding might be mapped. It can also be used to: assist health professionals to tailor their delivery of stroke educations specifically to the needs of a given client; and in research applications

Metaphoric extension and invited inferencing in semantic change

Two models of semantic change, metaphoric extension (Sweetser, 1990) and invited inferencing (Traugott and Dasher, 2002), have been offered as explanations for changes such as “see” > “know/understand”. In this paper, I will show that, while either model works for some of the changes, each model can explain changes that the other cannot. Metaphoric extension and invited inferencing can therefore be considered as two types of change rather than two competing theories. I furthermore suggest that changes such as “see” > “know/understand” occur when metaphoric extension and invited inferencing reinforce one another via parallel chaining (a concept adapted from Goossens, 2003).Dos modelos de cambio semántico, la extensión metafórica (Sweetser, 1990) y la inferencia invitada (Traugott y Dasher, 2002), sirven para explicar cambios como «ver» > «saber/entender». En esta presentación, muestro que los dos modelos funcionan con un grupo determinado de cambios, pero cada modelo puede explicar unos cambios que no puede explicar el otro. Por consiguiente, se consideran la extensión metafórica y la inferencia invitada como dos tipos de cambio antes que dos teorías rivales. Además, sugiero que los cambios como «ver» > «saber/entender» ocurren cuando la extensión metafórica y la inferencia invitada se refuerzan por la parallel chaining (un concepto adaptado de Goossens, 2003)

Parental bonding and alexithymia: A meta-analysis

Aim: The primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore, clarify and report the strength of the relationship between alexithymia, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and parenting style as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Methods: Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed and ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses searches were undertaken, yielding nine samples with sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Results: Evidence indicated moderate to strong relationships between maternal care and alexithymia, and between maternal care and two of the three TAS-20 alexithymia facets (Difficulties Describing Feelings and Difficulties Identifying Feelings, but not Externally Oriented Thinking). Moderate relationships were observed for both maternal- and paternal-overprotection and alexithymia respectively, and for overprotection (both maternal and paternal) and Difficulties Describing Feelings. Conclusion: This study is the first meta-analysis of the relationship between parenting styles and alexithymia, and findings confirm an especially strong association between maternal care and key elements of alexithymia. This review highlights the issues that still remain to be addressed in exploring the link between parenting style and alexithymia

Isolation and Characterization of a Rhodobacter Capsulatus hemC Mutant.

Rhodobacter capsulatus, a purple, nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium, uses the tetrapyrrole pathway to synthesize four end products: heme, bacteriochlorophyll, vitamin B12, and siroheme. This laboratory has focused on the regulation of the common pathway leading from aminolevulinate to protoporphyrin IX in R. capsulatus. The common portion of the pathway is regulated up to 100-fold by changes in oxygen tension. Research on the regulation of this pathway has been hampered due to a lack of mutants. Until now, the only mutants isolated which block heme production are hemA mutants, which lack aminolevulinate synthase. Since R. capsulatus lacks a cytochrome-independent growth mechanism, mutations later in the tetrapyrrole pathway would be lethal unless the mutant can use exogenous hemin or protoporphyrin. To overcome this lack of mutants, a method for isolating hem mutants has been devised. First, a growth medium was developed so that the hemA mutant, and presumably other hem mutants, grow well on exogenous hemin. We then took advantage of the recent cloning of several of the R. capsulatus hem genes to make a hem mutation in vitro and move it into R. capsulatus by conjugation. Thus, we were looking for a high probability recombination event rather than a much lower probability transposition event. This study describes the development of this medium as well as the isolation and characterization of a hemC mutant of R. capsulatus . This is the first hem mutant in a photosynthetic bacterium, after hemA, which has a complete block in the pathway. The mutant was constructed by inserting a kanamycin-resistance cartridge into a plasmid containing the R. capsulatus hemC gene. The mutated hemC gene was then recombined into the R. capsulatus chromosome. The resulting mutant requires heme for growth, lacks porphobilinogen deaminase activity and is unable to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll. This mutant was also used to provide direct evidence that the point of oxygen regulation in the tetrapyrrole pathway is located after the formation of porphobilinogen, most likely the usage of porphobilinogen

First-Generation Doctoral Students, Impostorism, and Belonging: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of first-generation doctoral students as they relate to their feelings of belonging, impostorism, and otherness. The study was guided by use of Tajfel social identity theory which provided insight to how an individual evaluates their identity within their environment and groups. The research design used was qualitative and the approach was transcendental phenomenological. The qualitative design allowed the first-generation doctoral students to share their experiences and behaviors during their doctoral journey. The participants were 10 self-identified as first-generation doctoral students who experienced impostor feelings during their doctoral journey. The data was collected during individual interviews, focus groups, and a reflective letter-writing activity. The results of the research findings included discussions of barriers first-generation doctoral students face, the impact impostor feelings had on belonging feelings, and the need for relationship building within doctoral programs to increase belonging feelings for first-generation doctoral students. Practice implications were discussed as a result of the findings

Censoring metaphors in translation: Shakespeare's Hamlet under Franco

In the three versions of Hamlet translated during the Franco regime in Spain, metaphors related to the censored themes of sex and religion were altered or removed. In this study, we employ the Metaphor Identification Procedure (Pragglejaz Group 2007) to identify all metaphors involving sex and religion in Shakespeare's Hamlet and its three Franco-era Spanish translations. We find that under the influence of censorship, authors employ many of the strategies for metaphor translation also used for uncensored texts, such as those identified by Newmark (1981), van den Broeck (1981), and Toury (1995). However, we argue that censorship encourages strategies judged as less preferable, more extreme, or which are not usually discussed in translation studies. These strategies appear to be selected specifically to remove the material subject to censorship, whether this is found in the source domain (vehicle) or the target domain (tenor) of a metaphor