Police Leadership and Servant Leadership: Determining the Connection

This investigation focuses on the question of whether the qualities and characteristics of Servant-Leadership have relevance with regard to the qualities and characteristics associated with effective leadership in law enforcement, particularly those of police chiefs. The research focuses on the literature and research associated with these two fields of leadership and their possible overlap

Domestic burdens amid COVID-19 and women's mental health in middle-income Africa

This article analyzes two longitudinal datasets (October – December 2020; April 2021) of 1,000 and 900 women in Kenya and Nigeria, respectively, alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with women at risk of changes to time use, to study two pandemic issues: women’s substitution of paid for unpaid work and how these shifts compromise their mental health. Women devote more time to domestic care (30–38 percent), less time to employment (29–46 percent), and become unemployed (12–17 percent). A rise in domestic work is correlated with depressive (Nigeria) and anxiety symptoms (Kenya and Nigeria). Women with greater agency (Kenya) and fewer children (Nigeria) are less likely to report a domestic burden or loss in paid activities. Social protection programs may fill the void of assistance traditionally provided by informal networks in the short term, while campaigns shifting norms around household work may preserve women’s economic participation in the long term

Final Report - Monitoring of organic chemicals in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park using time integrated monitoring tools (2009-2010)

The Reef Rescue Marine Monitoring Program (MMP) was established in 2005 to assess any improvement in water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and the status of key ecosystems. Annual monitoring of inshore GBR sites and several rivers has been conducted by Entox since 2005. The principal objective of the monitoring activities conducted by Entox as part of MMP Project 3.7.8 during 2009 – 2010 was to: “Determine time integrated baseline concentrations of specific organic chemicals in water with the aim to evaluate long term trends in pesticide concentrations along inshore waters of the GBR

Multibeam Electron Diffraction

One of the primary uses for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is to measure diffraction pattern images in order to determine a crystal structure and orientation. In nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) we scan a moderately converged electron probe over the sample to acquire thousands or even millions of sequential diffraction images, a technique that is especially appropriate for polycrystalline samples. However, due to the large Ewald sphere of TEM, excitation of Bragg peaks can be extremely sensitive to sample tilt, varying strongly for even a few degrees of sample tilt for crystalline samples. In this paper, we present multibeam electron diffraction (MBED), where multiple probe forming apertures are used to create mutiple STEM probes, all of which interact with the sample simultaneously. We detail designs for MBED experiments, and a method for using a focused ion beam (FIB) to produce MBED apertures. We show the efficacy of the MBED technique for crystalline orientation mapping using both simulations and proof-of-principle experiments. We also show how the angular information in MBED can be used to perform 3D tomographic reconstruction of samples without needing to tilt or scan the sample multiple times. Finally, we also discuss future opportunities for the MBED method.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Movement pattern training compared with standard strengthening and flexibility among patients with hip-related groin pain: Results of a pilot multicentre randomised clinical trial

Study designPilot, multicentre randomised clinical trial (RCT).ObjectivesAssess viability of performing a definitive RCT and compare preliminary effects of movement pattern training (MoveTrain) and strengthening/flexibility (Standard) to improve function in people with chronic hip-related groin pain (HRGP).BackgroundTo determine the best physical therapist-led intervention for patients with HRGP, we must understand treatment effects of different treatment modes.MethodsForty-six patients (17M:29F; 29±5.3 years; body mass index 25.6±6.3 kg/m2) with HRGP were randomised. MoveTrain included task-specific training to optimise biomechanics during daily tasks. Standard included strengthening/flexibility. Treatment included 10 visits/12 weeks and home exercise programme (HEP). Primary outcomes for feasibility were recruitment, retention, treatment adherence and treatment fidelity. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported function (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)), lower extremity kinematics and hip muscle strength.ResultsWe achieved target recruitment, and retention was excellent (91%). Patient session attendance was high (93%); however, reported HEP adherence (62%) was lower than expected. Physical therapists’ adherence to treatment protocols was high (90%). Patients demonstrated high treatment receipt; 91% of exercises performed were rated independent. Both groups demonstrated clinically important improvements in function (HOOS) and muscle strength; however, there were no between-group differences (HOOS subscales, p≥0.13, strength, p≥0.34). Compared with Standard, MoveTrain demonstrated greater reductions in hip adduction (p=0.016) and pelvic drop (p=0.026) during a single leg squat. No adverse events were noted.ConclusionOur experience in completing this RCT confirmed that a larger, multicentre RCT is feasible and highlighted modifications we will implement to optimise the future RCT.Trial registration numberNCT02913222

Reference state, structure, regime shifts, and regulatory drivers in a coastal sea over the last century : The Central Baltic Sea case

The occurrence of regime shifts in marine ecosystems has important implications for environmental legislation that requires setting reference levels and targets of quantitative restoration outcomes. The Baltic Sea ecosystem has undergone large changes in the 20(th) century related to anthropogenic pressures and climate variability, which have caused ecosystem reorganization. Here, we compiled historical information and identified relationships in our dataset using multivariate statistics and modeling across 31 biotic and abiotic variables from 1925 to 2005 in the Central Baltic Sea. We identified a series of ecosystem regime shifts in the 1930s, 1970s, and at the end of the 1980s/beginning of the 1990s. In the long term, the Central Baltic Sea showed a regime shift from a benthic to pelagic-dominated state. Historically, benthic components played a significant role in trophic transfer, while in the more recent productive system pelagic-benthic coupling was weak and pelagic components dominated. Our analysis shows that for the entire time period, productivity, climate, and hydrography mainly affected the functioning of the food web, whereas fishing became important more recently. Eutrophication had far-reaching direct and indirect impacts from a long-term perspective and changed not only the trophic state of the system but also affected higher trophic levels. Our study also suggests a switch in regulatory drivers from salinity to oxygen. The "reference ecosystem" identified in our analysis may guide the establishment of an ecosystem state baseline and threshold values for ecosystem state indicators of the Central Baltic Sea.Peer reviewe

Porcine astrovirus type 3 is an emerging cause of atypical neurologic disease: Diagnostic cases and infection dynamics on affected flows

Astroviruses (AstVs) are viral agents in the Family Astroviridae that are able to infect and cause disease in a wide variety of host species. Despite the broad host range and ability to cause disease, there are significant gaps in knowledge concerning the epidemiology, ecology, and pathophysiology of a majority of AstVs. Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are distributed worldwide. Five PoAstV lineages (PoAstV1–PoAstV5) have been identified perhaps reflecting diverse origins, interspecies transmission, and recombination events, some presumably with human strains. In the past decade, different members of the genus Mamastrovirus have been associated with neurologic disease in humans, bovine, mink and most recently, porcine astrovirus 3 (PoAstV3) in swine