Screening of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of enterococcus spp. strains isolated from Urfa cheese

Enterococcus faecium, E. durans and E. faecalis species were isolated and identified from traditional Urfa cheese samples which were produced from unpasteurized raw milk. The enterococcal load of the cheese samples was between 4.4-5.6 log cfu g(-1). High-level tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, and penicillin resistance was determined in the enterococcal isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistance was also determined in E. faecalis (20.4%) and E. faecium (16.3%) strains. 36.7% of the enterococcal isolates were greater than 0.2 MAR index ratio in this study. The gelE and agg2 genes were found in 40 (81.63%) of the enterococcal isolates, whereas the vanB gene was found in 3 (6.12%) of the enterococcal isolates. The results indicate that the consumption of Urfa cheese, which is produced using raw milk, may have public health risk because of its antibiotic resistance characteristics and virulence genes of enterococcal biota

Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis with Cellular Response in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination

Background: Demyelination refers to the degradation or loss of myelin sheath. In demyelination model studies, it has been reported that demyelination is regressed by giving steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. However, there are not many studies investigating the synthesis of these two hormones by the brain during demyelination and remyelination. Neurosteroids are steroid hormones synthesized by the brain independently from peripheral tissues. In this study, it was aimed to have knowledge about the synthesis of these two hormones by the brain in experimentally formed demyelination process in brains of C57BL/6 mice and their role in the cellular response formed in the region.Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, 36 C57BL/6 mice were used: 12 mice were fed normal diet for 12 weeks as control group (Group I); 12 of them were fed 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks (Group II) and 12 mice were fed normal diet for 4 weeks after feeding cuprizone diet for 8 weeks (Group III). At the end of the experiment, mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and brain tissues were blocked in paraffin. 6 μm-thick section was taken from each block. Sections were stained histologically with LFB staining and immunohistochemically with MBP staining in order to determine the demyelination in sections. All sections were also immunohistochemically stained with GFAP to detect astrocytes, with NG2 to detect young OPCs, with aromatase for estrogen synthesis and with 3βHSD antibodies for progesterone synthesis. At the end of the study, complete myelination was observed in group I, while severe demyelination was determined in group II as a result of blind evaluation of LFB and MBP staining by two pathologists. In group III, demyelination was found to be mild. In immunostaining with GFAP and NG2 antibodies, the number of GFAP and NG2 positive cells in Group II was found to be increased compared to the control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). In group III, the number of GFAP and NG2 positive cells were found to be increased compared to the control group; however, it was found to be lower than that in experimental group II (P < 0.01). In immunohistochemical staining with aromatase and 3βHSD antibody, there was no staining observed in the control groups. While an intense staining was observed in experimental group II, fewer glial staining was noticed in experimental group III when compared to the experimental group II. The difference between these two groups was found to be statistically significant (P ˂ 0.01).Discussion: Aromatase is an enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen. On the other hand, 3βHSD is an enzyme that converts pregnenolone to progesterone. Expression of aromatase from tissues refers to the synthesis of estrogen and expression of 3βHSD refers to progesterone synthesis. In previous demyelination studies carried out with cuprizone, it has been reported that demyelination is regressed by giving estrogen and progesterone during demyelination. In the presented study, we observed that enzyme levels that catalyze the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone increased during demyelination. In the study, it was determined that estrogen and progesterone levels were increased in the region by enzymes released from the glial cells of the brain as a response to damage formed during demyelination. Interestingly, during the period in which cuprizone was excluded from the diet, it was observed that remyelination began to be formed again and that enzyme levels synthesizing these hormones started to decrease. These results suggested that estrogen and progesterone may be synthesized in the brain after a damage and may contribute to remyelination by initiating a number of cell to cell signaling steps

Çocukluk dönemi örselenme yaşantıları ile erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Bu çalışmada, çocukluk dönemi örselenme yaşantıları ile erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Aynı zamanda YŞÖ-KF3 ile ÇÖYÖ-KF alt boyutlarının çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir.Araştırmanın örneklemini 2017-2018 yılında Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören 415 (147 Kadın, 268 Erkek) öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılara Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3 (YŞÖ-KF3) ve Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği Kısa Formu (ÇÖYÖ-KF) uygulanmıştır.Tüm veriler SPSS 24 programı ile analiz edilmiştir.Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden parametrik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.Elde edilen bulgulara göre; YŞÖ-KF3 ile ÇÖYÖ-KF’nin alt boyutları arasında pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur.ÇÖYÖ-KF Duygusal İhmal alt boyutu puan ortalamaları çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir.YŞÖ-KF3’nin alt boyutları puan ortalamaları da çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür temelinde tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur

The analysis of Turkey's security culture in line with the Europeanization process

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The aim of this master' s thesis is to analyze the security culture of Turkey when sh e is in the accession process with the European Union. This research does not only dea! with the historical evolution of the security cultures of the European Union and Turkey, but it also tries to shed light on the changes on Turkey' s security culture on the road to EU membership.Karayiğit, YasinM.S

On multiplication lattice modules

In this paper we study multiplication lattice modules. Next we characterize hollow lattices modules. We also establish maximal elements in multiplication lattices modules. In [16], we introduced the concept of a multiplication lattice L-module and we characterized it by principal elements. In this paper, we continue study on multiplication lattice L-module

The relationship between disease severity and GDF-15 in individuals diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized with interruption of sleep with apnea attacks and is associated with various diseases such as metabolic syndrome. GDF-15 (Growth differentiation factor 15) is a cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor - β superfamily and it has been found to be associated with chronic heart failure, acute pulmonary embolism, and acute attacks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between disease severity and mean GDF-15 in patients diagnosed with OSAS. Our study was carried out with 75 patients with OSAS. GDF-15 levels were checked by in the morning fasting blood test. Among the 75 patients, 27 constituted the mild, 22 constituted the moderate and 26 constituted the severe OSAS groups. The mean ages of the patients were not significantly different between groups (53.17 ±10, 54.61±10.2 and 53.5±11.6 respectively; p>0,05). GDF-15 levels were not significantly different between groups separately (p>0.05). There was only a weak positive relationship between GDF-15 and NREM and REM (p<0.05). In our study, it was revealed that there was no significant relationship between the OSAS severity groups and GDF-15. Our determination of a positive relationship with NREM and REM may have been related to reduction of minute ventilation experienced in OSAS-diagnosed patients, tachycardic fluctuations, their more severe nature and increased right ventricular pressure. Consequently, our current knowledge indicates that GDF-15 is not much guiding in the prediction and monitoring of OSAS severity. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved

Investigation of strontium master alloy addition effect to Galfan (%95 zn, %5 al) microstructure

Bu çalışmada, stronsiyum elementinin galfan alaşımı (%95 Zn, %5 Al) üzerindeki mikro yapısal etkileri incelenmiştir. Stronsiyum elementi doğada saf olarak çok nadir bulunduğundan, mastar alaşım şeklinde tedarik edilmiştir. Bu alaşım, eriyik galfan alaşım içerisine belirli sıcaklık, ortam ve karıştırma parametreleri dikkate alınarak eklenmiş ve galfan mikro yapısı üzerindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar, laboratuvar ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laboratuvar çalışmasında, galfan külçeleri kül fırınında ergitilerek bahsedilen parametreler ışığında üzerine mastar alaşım eklenerek külçe halinde döküm alınmış, daha sonra dökümü alınan numunelerin mikro yapısal değişimleri incelenmiştir. Mikro yapısal incelemeler için, firma bünyesinde bulunan metalografi laboratuvarında metalografik işlemler yapılmış olup, diğer incelemeler için Çukurova Üniversitesi Merkezi Araştırma Laboratuvarı’ndan hizmet alımı yapılarak SEM analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır.In this study, microstructural impacts of strontium element in galfan alloy (%95 Zn, %5 Al) microstructure were investigated. The strontium element was supplied as master alloy due to the fact that strontium is quite rare element on the earth. Master alloy was added into molten galfan alloy by considering certain conditions such as temperature, atmosphere and mixing etc. After that, changes in galfan microstructure was investigated. The experimental studies were done in laboratory. During study, galfan ingots were melted in furnace next it was mixed in the light of parameters that mentioned above with master alloy and then new alloy was cast as ingot. Afterwards, alteration of casted specimens microstructures were researched. Metallographic operations were carried out in metallography laboratory in plant, and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis technique was used for other investigations from Cukurova University Central Research Laboratory by outsourcing

The Relationship Between SYNTAX II Score and Serum Pleiotrophin Level in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background and Aim: In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between serum pleiotrophin (PTH) levels at admission and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients experiencing non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Materials and Methods: A total of 140 patients with NSTEMI undergoing coronary angiography were consecutively included in the study. The Synergy Between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was determined based on initial coronary angiography by at least two separate cardiologists. Results: A positive correlation was found between high SSII and PTH (r = 0.458; P < 0.001). PTH could anticipate the extremity of CAD with 64.4% sensitivity and 65.3% specificity at 250 ng/mL cut-off value (area under the curve: 0.718, 95% confidence interval, 54.8 - 74.7; P < 0.001). Through regression analysis, PTH, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history, lymphocyte count, and pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels were found to be independent predictors of SSII. Conclusion: In patients with NSTEMI, serum PTH levels were significantly associated with higher SSII, an indicator of CAD severity and cardiovascular prognosis. This study obtained positive results that will contribute to our clinical interpretation. More comprehensive studies with PTH will make a more useful contribution to our clinical judgments

The EU and Local Governments

The impact of European integration on the national legal systems had primarily been examined until the early 1990s in terms of national governmental aspects within the context of evergreen issue of delimitation of competences. This confinement could be discerned in the formulation of theories about the EU integration models which have centred around state-centric and supranational conceptions (based either on intergovernmentalism or neo-functionalism). This also could be noticed even in the analyses of the principle of subsidiarity made in the wake of its introduction to the EC Treaty that were confined to the issue of delimitation of competences between the EU institutions and national governments merely. As correctly described by D’Atena, the European system was suffering from the federal blindness and indifference towards the existence of subnational authorities and was being solely occupied with central levels of governments. (D’Atena, 2005, p. 8