Deep tillage tool optimization by means of finite element method: Case study for a subsoiler tine

Technologies and computer capacity currently available allow us to employ design software and numerical methods to solve complicated problems in very wide disciplines of engineering. It is also important for researches in agriculture. This study focused on obtaining optimum geometry parameters of a subsoiler tine by using computer aided engineering (CAE) applications. A field experiment was conducted to determine draft force of the subsoiler. The results from the experimental study were used in the finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate stress distributions on the subsoiler tine. The maximum equivalent stress of 432.49 MPa was obtained in the FEA. Visual investigations and FEA results showed that according to the tine’s material yield stress point of 355 MPa, plastic deformation was evident. Based on the FEA results, an optimization study was undertaken to obtain optimum geometry parameters without the occurrence of plastic deformation. According to the optimization study results, the optimum parameters of the tine geometry and maximum equivalent stress of 346.61 MPa were obtained. In addition to this, the total mass of the tine was reduced by about 0.367 kg

Design of a Horizontal Penetrometer for Measuring On-the-Go Soil Resistance

Soil compaction is one of the main negative factors that limits plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, it is important to determine the soil resistance level and map it for the field to find solutions for the negative effects of the compaction. Nowadays, high powered communication technology and computers help us on this issue within the approach of precision agriculture applications. This study is focused on the design of a penetrometer, which can make instantaneous soil resistance measurements in the soil horizontally and data acquisition software based on the GPS (Global Positioning System). The penetrometer was designed using commercial 3D parametric solid modelling design software. The data acquisition software was developed in Microsoft Visual Basic.NET programming language. After the design of the system, manufacturing and assembly of the system was completed and then a field experiment was carried out. According to the data from GPS and penetration resistance values which are collected in Microsoft SQL Server database, a Kriging method by ArcGIS was used and soil resistance was mapped in the field for a soil depth of 40 cm. During operation, no faults, either in mechanical and software parts, were seen. As a result, soil resistance values of 0.2 MPa and 3 MPa were obtained as minimum and maximum values, respectively. In conclusion, the experimental results showed that the designed system works quite well in the field and the horizontal penetrometer is a practical tool for providing on-line soil resistance measurements. This study contributes to further research for the development of on-line soil resistance measurements and mapping within the precision agriculture applications

4-{3-[Hydr­oxy(phen­yl)meth­yl]-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl}benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C15H14N4O3S2, the hydr­oxy group is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.619 (5) and 0.381 (5). The benzene ring attached to the heterocycle makes a dihedral angle of 86.92 (9)° with respect to the best plane through the five-membered ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯S, N—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, and N—H⋯π and C—H⋯π inter­actions

PLC based scada system automatıon for mıcro type hydroelectrıc power plants and ımplements of frequency and voltage regulatıon wıth RTU/PLC

Bu çalışmada yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından olan ve ülkemizde zengin potansiyele sahip hidroelektrik enerjinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla, şebekeden bağımsız çalışan mikro ölçekli hidroelektrik santral prototipi ve otomasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Güç sistemlerinin otomasyonunda yaygın olarak kullanılan PLC (Programlanabilir Lojik Kontrol)'den yararlanılmıştır. Prototip üzerinde PLC ile PID kontrol sağlanarak; endüktif ve omik yük durumlarında frekans ve gerilim değerleri incelenmiş, SCADA programı ile sistemin tüm kontrol ve kumandası bilgisayar üzerinden sağlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen bu prototip'te; Pelton türbini ile 500W'lık Asenkron Generatör, prototip'in taşınabilir olması için 300 lt'lik yatay tip su deposu, uygun çalışma için suya ait debi ve düşü değerlerini elde edebilmek için 1,5 KW'lık santrifüj pompa ve pompa'nın devrini kontrol etmek için Motor Sürücüsü (İnverter) kullanılmıştır.In this study, a prototype of micro hydroelectric power plant which can operate off-grid mode and its automation have been designed and applied for turning national hydro potential to good account. For this purpose, PLC (Programmable logic controller) has been used. Voltage and frequency values have been analyzed under both active and reactive load conditions using PID control. The whole control and commands are obtained by using SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) programming via PC. In our prototype, a pelton turbine with an asynchronous generator which can provide 500W electrical power, portable 300 lt horizontal water tank, a 1,5 KW centrifugal pump to achieve enough flow rateand head differential and an inverter which controls the pump speed have been used

The effects of virtual shareholder meeting on the participation of shareholders to management in joint stock companies in turkey: a research on bıst-100 companies

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de anonim şirketlerde son yıllarda uygulanmaya başlanan Elektronik Genel Kurul Sistemi (e-GKS)'nin pay sahiplerinin yönetime katılımına etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, Borsa İstanbul 100 (BİST-100) Endeksi'nde yer alan işletmelere ikincil kaynak taraması, anket ve gözlem teknikleri yoluyla veri temin edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında e-GKS uygulamasının pay sahiplerinin yıllık genel kurula ve dolayısıyla yönetime katılımına pozitif etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun ilerleyen yıllarda kurumsal yönetim uygulamalarında yer alan güç boşluğu sorununa çözüm olacağı ve pay sahiplerinin yönetime katılımına önemli katkılar yapacağı öngörülmektedir.The aim of this study is to show the effects of Virtual Shareholder Meeting (e-GKS), applied in the recent years by joint stock companies in Turkey, for the participation of shareholders to firm management. With this purpose, data gathered from companies listed in the Borsa İstanbul 100 Index by secondary literature review, survey and direct observation techniques. It was found that e-GKS has a positive effect on the participation of shareholders in general annual meeting and thereby to the management of the firm. This situation will be a solution to the power gap problem in corporate governance practices and will make a great contribution to the participation of shareholders to the firm management

Dynamometer Design and Manufacturing for Cutting Force Definition on Machining Process

<span style="font-size: 12.6px; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Bu çalismada; delik delme sürecinde meydana gelen kesme kuvvetlerini duyarli bir sekilde ölçebilen ve ölçülen degerleri es zamanli olarak bilgisayar ortamina kaydedebilen, yük hücresi (loadcell) esasli bir dinamometre tasarimi ve imalati gerçeklestirilmistir. Gelistirilen dinamometre ve literatürde yaygin olarak kullanilan dinamometreden elde edilen kesme kuvveti degerleri karsilastirilmistir. Dogrulama deneyleri, Ç1040 malzemesinin 10mm çapinda HSS matkaplarla delinmesiyle gerçeklestirilmistir. Kuru kesim sartlarinda yapilan deneylerde, ilerleme miktari 0.075, 0.1 mm/dev. ve kesme hizi degeri 15, 25 m/dak. olarak seçilmistir. Dogrulama deneylerinin sonuçlari karsilastirildiginda, imalati gerçeklestirilen dinamometreden elde edilen verilerin ve yaygin olarak kullanilan dinamometreden elde edilen verilerle benzer sonuçlar sergiledigi görülmüstür. Üretimi gerçeklestirilen bu sistemle, sektörde var olan dinamometre maliyetinin yaklasik %5’ine tekabül eden bir maliyetle bu ölçümlerin gerçeklestirilebilecegi gösterilmistir.</span><span style="font-size: 12.6px; font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">In this study; A load cell based dynamometer design and manufacture has been realized in which the shear forces that can be measured in a precise manner and the measured values can be simultaneously recorded in the computer environment. The developed dynamometer and shear force values obtained from the dynamometer commonly used in the literature are compared. Verification experiments were carried out by drilling 1040 material with 10 mm diameter HSS drills. In dry cutting conditions, the feed rate is 0.075, 0.1 mm/g. and the cutting speed is 15, 25 m/min. When the results of the verification experiments are compared, it is seen that the data obtained from the manufactured dynamometer and the results obtained from the commonly used dynamometer show similar results. It has been demonstrated that with this production system, these measurements can be made at a cost corresponding to about 5% of the dynamometer cost existing in the sector.</span