An evaluation of three DoE-guided meta-heuristic-based solution methods for a three-echelon sustainable distribution network

This article evaluates the efficiency of three meta-heuristic optimiser (viz. MOGA-II, MOPSO and NSGA-II)-based solution methods for designing a sustainable three-echelon distribution network. The distribution network employs a bi-objective location-routing model. Due to the mathematically NP-hard nature of the model a multi-disciplinary optimisation commercial platform, modeFRONTIER®, is adopted to utilise the solution methods. The proposed Design of Experiment (DoE)-guided solution methods are of two phased that solve the NP-hard model to attain minimal total costs and total CO2 emission from transportation. Convergence of the optimisers are tested and compared. Ranking of the realistic results are examined using Pareto frontiers and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution approach, followed by determination of the optimal transportation routes. A case of an Irish dairy processing industry’s three-echelon logistics network is considered to validate the solution methods. The results obtained through the proposed methods provide information on open/closed distribution centres (DCs), vehicle routing patterns connecting plants to DCs, open DCs to retailers and retailers to retailers, and number of trucks required in each route to transport the products. It is found that the DoE-guided NSGA-II optimiser based solution is more efficient when compared with the DoE-guided MOGA-II and MOPSO optimiser based solution methods in solving the bi-objective NP-hard three-echelon sustainable model. This efficient solution method enable managers to structure the physical distribution network on the demand side of a logistics network, minimising total cost and total CO2 emission from transportation while satisfying all operational constraints

Dislocating anterior horn of the medial meniscus.

Dislocating anterior horn of the medial meniscus was found in 15 knees of 13 patients during arthroscopic examinations done between 1992 and 1995. All of them were available for follow-up evaluation (4 by telephone). There were 11 men and 2 women (average age, 28 years; range, 17 to 49 years). Nine knees had a history of trauma. Only 1 knee had had trauma in two bilateral cases. Duration of symptoms was an average of 3.3 years (range, 3 months to 10 years). The knees were stable clinically. Arthroscopy revealed associated lesions in 13 knees; hypertrophic medial plicae, meniscal, chondral and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions predominated. Three knees had unusually hypertrophic ligamentum mucosum. Eleven of 13 knees had more than one associated lesions. Only 2 knees (2 patients) had isolated dislocating anterior horn of the medial meniscus. Only the associated lesions were treated (except for ACL lesions) and dislocating anterior horns of the medial menisci were left alone. Follow-up averaged 21 months (7 to 40 months). At follow-up, 11 knees were graded as excellent, 3 as good, and 1 as fair according to the Lysholm scale. Eight knees had minor symptoms and 6 were asymptomatic; no improvement was noted in 1 knee. Overall, 12 patients (14 knees) were satisfied with their treatment. Dislocating anterior horn of the medial meniscus is a normal anatomic variant with little or no clinical significance. When seen during arthroscopy, a significant lesion should be looked for. It is an incidental finding and should be left alone

Intra-articular hemangioma of the knee with meniscal and bony attachment.

A hemangioma in the knee joint of a 37-year-old woman was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The case presented with pain and a tender localized swelling lateral to the patellar tendon. Arthroscopy verified the diagnosis but did not allow visualization of the full extent of tie tumor. After arthroscopic subtotal excision of the associated hypertrophic medial plica, a miniarthrotomy was done. The tumor was attached to the periphery of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, to the anterior tibial plateau, and to he fat pad. It seemed to take its origin from the venous plexus just below the anterior lip of the central tibial plateau. The patient was asymptomatic 9 months after surgery. In hemangiomas not amenable to arthroscopic surgery, open excision through miniarthrotomy ensures complete removal without prolonging recovery

U-Pb and Sm-Nd geochronology of the KIzIldag (Hatay, Turkey) ophiolite: Implications for the timing and duration of suprasubduction zone type oceanic crust formation in the southern Neotethys

The KIzIldag (Hatay) ophiolite in Turkey represents remnants of the southern Neotethyan ocean and is characterized by a complete ocean lithospheric section. It formed in a fore-arc setting above a N-dipping intraoceanic subduction zone, and represents the undeformed, more northerly part of the same thrust sheet that also forms the Baer-Bassit ophiolite to the south. The ophiolite was emplaced southwards from the southerly Neotethyan ocean in Maastrichtian time. U-Pb and Sm-Nd dates are used to constrain the crystallization age and duration of magmatic activity of the KIzIldag ophiolite. U-Pb dating yielded ages of 91.7 ± 1.9 Ma for a plagiogranite and 91.6 ± 3.8 Ma for a cumulate gabbro. The cumulate gabbro also yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 95.3 ± 6.9 Ma. The measured ages suggest that the oceanic crust of the KIzIldag ophiolite formed in a maximum time period of 6 Ma, and that the plagiogranite may have formed later than the gabbroic section. The U-Pb zircon ages from the KIzIldag ophiolite and the cooling age of a metamorphic sole beneath the Baer-Bassit ophiolite are indistinguishable within the analytical uncertainties. This indicates the presence of young and hot oceanic lithosphere at the time of intraoceanic subduction/thrusting in the southern Neotethys. The U-Pb zircon ages from the KIzIldag, the Troodos and the Semail ophiolites overlap within analytical uncertainties, suggesting that these ophiolites are contemporaneous and genetically and tectonically related within the same Late Cretaceous southern Neotethyan ocean. ©2012 Cambridge University Press

Age and duration of intra-oceanic arc volcanism built on a suprasubduction zone type oceanic crust in southern Neotethys, SE Anatolia

The southeastern Anatolia comprises numbers of tectono-magmatic/ stratigraphic units such as the metamorphic massifs, the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoid rocks. All of them play important role for the late Cretaceous evolution of the southern Neotethys. The spatial and temporal relations of these units suggest the progressive development of coeval magmatism and thrusting during the late Cretaceous northward subduction/accretion. Our new U-Pb zircon data from the rhyolitic rocks of the wide-spread volcanic arc unit show ages of (83.1 ± 2.2)-(74.6 ± 4.4) Ma. Comparison of the ophiolites, the volcanic arc units and the granitoids suggest following late Cretaceous geological evolution. The ophiolites formed in a suprasubduction zone (SSZ) setting as a result of northward intra-oceanic subduction. A wide-spread island-arc tholeiitic volcanic unit developed on the top of the SSZ-type crust during 83-75 Ma. Related to regional plate convergence, northward under-thrusting of SSZ-type ophiolites and volcanic arc units was initiated beneath the Tauride platform (Malatya-Keban) and followed by the intrusion of I-type calc-alkaline volcanic arc granitoids during 84-82 Ma. New U-Pb ages from the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit and granitoids indicate that under-thrusting of ophiolites together with the arc-related units beneath the Malatya-Keban platform took place soon after the initiation of the volcanic arc on the top of the SSZ-type crust. Then the arc-related volcanic-sedimentary unit continued its development and lasted at ~75 Ma until the deposition of the late Campanian-Maastrichtian shallow marine limestone. The subduction trench eventually collided with the Bitlis-Pütürge massif giving rise to HP-LT metamorphism of the Bitlis massif. Although the development of the volcanic arc units and the granitoids were coeval at the initial stage of the subduction/accretion both tectono-magmatic units were genetically different from each other. © Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.106Y231This work is a part of Ph.D study of Fatih Karaoğlan. Financial support from the TÜBİTAK (Project No. 106Y231 ) and Çukurova University Research Foundation (Project No. MMF2009D11 ) are gratefully acknowledged. The first author acknowledges International Research Fellowship Programme supported by TUBITAK–BİDEB. Ercan Aksoy and Yener Eyüboğlu are thanked for their valuable suggestions that improved the quality of the present paper

U-Pb and Sm-Nd geochronology of the ophiolites from the SE Turkey: Implications for the Neotethyan evolution

The ophiolites in southeast Turkey crop out along two distinct belts. The ophiolites in the north are attached to Tauride active margin and represented by Göksun, Berit, İspendere, Kömürhan and Guleman ophiolites. Whereas the ophiolites in the south are observed as tectonically overlying the Arabian continental margin and characterized mainly by Kizildag (Hatay) and Koçali ophiolites. In this paper, new U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic ages are presented. The zircons extracted from the gabbroic cumulates of the Kömürhan ophiolite yielded a concordia age of 87.2 ± 3.1 Ma. The zircons in the gabbroic cumulates of the İspendere ophiolite yielded a Concordia age of 84.5 ± 3.9 Ma. Moreover, the Sm-Nd age of the gabbroic cumulates of the İspendere ophiolite yielded 85.1 ± 7.1 Ma (?Nd = + 7.8). The gabbroic rocks of the Kizildag (Hatay) ophiolite yielded 110 ± 11 Ma (?Nd = + 7.3) Sm-Nd isochron age. The new and already published U-Pb and Sm-Nd ages from the Kizildag ophiolite suggest that the time span between the melt generation in a subduction zone setting and SSZ-type oceanic crust crystallization was ?3 my. All the ages from the Southeast Anatolian ophiolites suggest that the ophiolites between the Bitlis-Pütürge continent and the Arabian platform formed around 99-102 Ma whereas the ophiolites between the Bitlis-Pütürge continent and the Tauride platform formed around 84-90 Ma, suggesting that the peri-Arabic belt ophiolites are 10 My older than the ophiolite attached to the Malatya-Keban platform in the north. Detailed comparison suggests that there are number of differences between the ophiolites to the north and south of the Bitlis-Pütürge continental unit based on the geological, geochronological, petrological, internal stratigraphy of the ophiolites as well as their relationships with the continental fragments during the late Cretaceous. Therefore, the ophiolites were rooted from two different oceanic basins, one to the north and other to the south of the Bitlis-Pütürge continent. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu MMF2009D11 106Y231This work is a part of PhD study of Fatih Karaoğlan. Financial support from the TÜBİTAK (106Y231) and Çukurova University Research Foundation (MMF2009D11) is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Monika Horschinik for performing Sm–Nd analyses. The first author acknowledges International Research Fellowship Programme support by TÜBITAK–BİDEB. Erdinç Yiğitbaş and Yann Rolland are acknowledged for their critical reviews that improved the quality of the paper. Erdin Bozkurt is thanked for editorial handling

Tectonic significance of the geochemistry and petrology of ophiolites in southeast Anatolia, Turkey

The southeast Anatolian ophiolites form discontinuous linear belts of oceanic fragments immediately north of the Bitlis-Zagros suture, which marks a continental collision zone between the Arabian platform to the south and the Taurides to the north. The Late Cretaceous ophiolites in the southeast Anatolia are represented by the Ki{dotless}zi{dotless}ldag in the Hatay area, the Göksun and the Berit to the north of Kahramanmaraş, İspendere in the Malatya area and Kömürhan-Guleman in the Elazi{dotless}g area. The Göksun, Berit, İspendere, Kömürhan and Guleman ophiolites were attached to the base of the Tauride platform (i.e. the Malatya-Keban) along its northern active margin and intruded by the I-type calc-alkaline granitoids of Late Cretaceous age. In contrast, the Ki{dotless}zi{dotless}ldag (Hatay) ophiolite was thrust over the Arabian passive margin in the south. The cumulate rocks in the ophiolites are represented by dunite, wehrlite, lherzolite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbronorite, olivine gabbro, gabbronorite and gabbro. Highly magnesian olivines (Fo88 to 74) and pyroxenes (Mg#95 to 60) as well as highly calcic plagioclases (An95 to 68) from the cumulate rocks differ from oceanic equivalents, which mainly formed from a MOR basaltic melt. The order of crystallization in mineral phases, whole rock and mineral chemistry data from the cumulates suggest that the primary magma is compositionaly similar to that observed in modern island arc tholeiitic sequences. The volcanic and subvolcanic rocks exhibit tholeiitic compositions. Chondrite normalized REE, N-MORB normalized multi-element patterns and tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest the existence of two main types of parental basic magmas in the crustal rocks of the SE Anatolian ophiolites. These are (i) IAT series that characterize the Ki{dotless}zi{dotless}ldag, Göksun, İspendere, Kömürhan and Guleman ophiolites and (ii) Low-Ti boninitic series known only in the Ki{dotless}zi{dotless}ldag ophiolite. The geochemistry of the crustal rocks suggests that they formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting, including arc-forearc environments in the southern Neotethys. These well-preserved plutonic oceanic crustal remnants mainly exhibit an intact ophiolite pseudostratigraphy and are overlain by a volcanic-sedimentary unit made up of alternations of basic to acidic extrusive rocks, debris flows, volcaniclastic sandstones and pelagic limestones, interpreted as a tholeiitic ensimatic island arc assemblage built on the suprasubduction zone type crust. The metamorphism of some of the ophiolites (i.e. Berit) in the SE Anatolia might be related to later stages of intraoceanic subduction during the evolution of the southern Neotethys. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.TÜBA-GEBİP/2003-111We would like to thank Fabio Capponi (University of Geneva) for performing major and trace element analyses. We are grateful to Professor Michel Delaloye (University of Geneva) for thoughtful discussions on evolution of the eastern Mediterranean ophiolites. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were provided by two anonymous reviewers and Alastair Robertson. Osman Parlak gratefully acknowledges the financial support of TÜBA (Turkish Academy of Sciences) in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program (TÜBA-GEBİP/2003-111)