An Upper Bound for Accuracy of Prediction Using GBLUP.

This study aims at characterizing the asymptotic behavior of genomic prediction R2 as the size of the reference population increases for common or rare QTL alleles through simulations. Haplotypes derived from whole-genome sequence of 85 Caucasian individuals from the 1,000 Genomes Project were used to simulate random mating in a population of 10,000 individuals for at least 100 generations to create the LD structure in humans for a large number of individuals. To reduce computational demands, only SNPs within a 0.1M region of each of the first 5 chromosomes were used in simulations, and therefore, the total genome length simulated was 0.5M. When the genome length is 30M, to get the same genomic prediction R2 as with a 0.5M genome would require a reference population 60 fold larger. Three scenarios were considered varying in minor allele frequency distributions of markers and QTL, for h2 = 0.8 resembling height in humans. Total number of markers was 4,200 and QTL were 70 for each scenario. In this study, we considered the prediction accuracy in terms of an estimability problem, and thereby provided an upper bound for reliability of prediction, and thus, for prediction R2. Genomic prediction methods GBLUP, BayesB and BayesC were compared. Our results imply that for human height variable selection methods BayesB and BayesC applied to a 30M genome have no advantage over GBLUP when the size of reference population was small (<6,000 individuals), but are superior as more individuals are included in the reference population. All methods become asymptotically equivalent in terms of prediction R2, which approaches genomic heritability when the size of the reference population reaches 480,000 individuals

Effects of slaughter age and mass selection on slaughter and carcass characteristics in 2 lines of Japanese quail

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between slaughter age and slaughter-carcass characteristics in 2 quail lines. With this aim, a Japanese quail flock subjected to mass selection to increase BW for 4 generations and a control flock that randomly mated for 4 generations were used. Birds of both lines were slaughtered at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 wk of age. Weights of carcass, breast, leg, wing, edible inner organs, and abdominal fat, and their percentages in BW were measured. Short-term mass selection for increased BW resulted in an increase for all slaughter and carcass traits, except edible inner organ percentage. Slaughter age had a significant effect on the studied traits, indicating that the BW and weight of carcass, carcass parts, abdominal fat, edible inner organs, and percentage of abdominal fat increased with increased slaughter age. Conversely, the carcass yield and percentages of carcass parts and edible inner organs were decreased with an increase in slaughter age. The present study showed that deterioration in carcass quality occurred with an increase in slaughter age. Furthermore, the differences between the carcass weights over the different ages ranged between 16.83 to 22.45% in favor of the selection line after a short-term mass selection.Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects ManagementAkdeniz University [2005.02.0121.005]The research with the project number of 2005.02.0121.005 was supported by the Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Management

Heavy metal resistance of microorganisms from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils located in Mersin, Turkey

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 25-27, 2017 -- Dubrovnik, CROATIAWOS: 000413585400193…Ahi Evran Univ. BAP [PYO-Fen.4003/2.14.009 (2015)]This work was supported in part by a grant from Ahi Evran Univ. BAP No: PYO-Fen.4003/2.14.009 (2015)

EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXERCISE ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WOMEN

In the study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in some biochemical parameters (urea, AST, ALT, glucose, creatinine and TSH) of women with acute exercise. 50 women aged 19-48 years participated in the study as volunteers. Urea, AST, ALT, glucose, creatinine and TSH levels were analyzed in blood samples taken before exercise and at the end of an acute exercise session. SPSS package program and Paired Samples t test were used for the comparison of pre and post test results of the obtained data. When the results were evaluated,  while there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values of the study group in urea, AST and ALT levels (p<0,05), it was determined that Glucose, creatinine and TSH levels were not significantly different (p>0,05). In conclusion, it can be said that acute swimming exercises applied to women are causing a significant change in liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and urea levels and these changes may be considered beneficial for the health status of the individual.  Article visualizations

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF RAPID WEIGHT LOSS ON OVERALL STRENGTH IN 17- AND 18-YEAR-OLD MALE WRESTLERS

Introduction and Objective: The goal of this study is to examine the effects of rapid weight loss on the overall strength of young male wrestlers. Methods: The study participants consisted of wrestlers aged 17-18 who competed in group competitions held in 5 cities in Turkey between March 31st and April 2nd, 2017. The participants included 6 Greco-Roman wrestlers in group competitions in Elazığ and 7 free-style wrestlers, for a total of 13 wrestlers. The first set of measurements of the athletes was taken 2 weeks before the competition, and the second set of measurements was made 1 day prior to competing. The measurements taken were weight, right and left hand grip strength, back strength, leg strength, vertical jump height, and the Cooper test. The statistical package program SPSS 17 was used to analyze the data. A value of p < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the wrestlers participating in the study, significant differences were observed in weight, vertical jump height, back strength, leg strength, and the Cooper test results when compared to the pre-study measurements (p < .05). For vertical jump height, the average of the first measurement was 32.92 and that of the second measurement was 31.07, resulting in a statistically significant difference (p < .05). The difference in averages for the Cooper test was also statistically significant, with an average of 2646.1 obtained for the first test and 2467.6 for the second test (p < .05). Conclusion: Rapid weight loss in wrestlers has an adverse effect on their overall strength, as determined using several parameters

Düzlem Çubuk Eleman Rijitlik Matrisinin Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2015Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2015Yapısal sistemlerin sayısal analizleri içinde en yaygın kullanım alanına sahip olan sonlu elemanlar metodunun uygulanması sırasında her bir elemana ait serbestlik derecelerinde oluşan deplasman ve kuvvetlerin ilişkisi eleman rijitlik matrisleri ile oluşturulur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, elastik bölgede davranış gösteren çelik malzemeli bir düzlem çubuk elemanına ait rijitlik matrisinin deneysel çalışmalarla elde edilmesi ve teorik rijitlik matrisiyle karşılaştırılarak oluşan farklılıkların irdelenmesidir. Deneysel çalışmalar iki aşamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında deneylerde kullanılacak numunelere ait mekanik malzeme özellikleri çekme testleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise altı serbestlik dereceli yük ve deplasman hücresi kullanılarak deney düzeneği hazırlanmış ve rijitlik matrisinin ilgili terimleri birim yüklemeler yapılarak deneysel olarak belirlenmiştir. Ardından deneysel olarak belirlenen rijitlik matrisi teorik sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmış ve oluşan farklılıkların nedenleri irdelenmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda elde edilen rijitlik matrisi ve teorik rijitlik matrisinin ilgili terimlerinin birbirlerine oldukça yakın olduğu görülmüştür.In finite element method which is one of the most widely used numerical analysis method of structural systems, forces and displacements are related by stiffness matrix. The aim of this study is to determine the stiffness matrix of plane frame element by experimentally. Experimental studies are performed in two stages. In the first stage, tensile tests are done to determine the mechanical properties of the specimens. In the second stage, coefficients of stiffness matrix is determined experimentally using Load and Boundary Conditions Box (LBCB) which has ability to generate displacements and rotations in six degree of freedom by applying unit displacements. Then the related coefficients of stiffness matrix is compared with theoretical ones and reasons of deviations are examined. According to the results, it is observed that the values of related coefficients are quite close to each other

EFFECT OF EIGHT WEEKS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SOME BLOOD VALUES IN WOMEN

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks exercise on body composition and some blood values in women. Methods: A total of 16 volunteer women with an age mean of 30,81 ± 9,44 years and an age mean of 159,44 ± 6,61 cm were participated in the study. Blood samples of the participants were taken at the health facility while they were hungry before starting the exercise program. After applying the eight-week and 3 days a week exercise program, blood samples of subjects were taken again. The results which obtained from the study were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 package program. In the analysis of the data, independent samples t test was applied to determine the difference between the groups. Results: As a result of the analyzes, while no significant difference was found between glucose and urea, creatine, total crystallinity, pre-test and post-test values of direct crystallization (p>0,05), body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, waist circumference / height ratio, baseline area, and uric acid were significantly different between the pretest and posttest measurements (p<0,05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was observed that the eight-week exercise had differences in body weight, BMI, chest circumference, waist circumference, waist circumference, and baseline region and uric acid levels. It can be said that the exercise played an important role in the formation of this difference

Study of fertility traits in Italian Jersey Cattle

Selection Index of Italian Jersey cattle is composed by breeding values (BVs) of production traits, type traits and somatic cell score. Knowing selection for milk yield has been proved to deteriorate fertility performances, aim of the Italian Holstein, Brown and Jersey Breeders Association (ANAFIBJ) is to develop a fertility index inspired to the model they use for Italian Holstein breed. The model used considers different phenotypes for heifer and cow evaluation, but while for Holstein only the first three parities are considered, for Jersey all parities are considered to overcome the lower size of the population. Starting from two different datasets, containing data on inseminations and lactations we derived several fertility traits. From the inseminations dataset we harvested information on the dates of services, which we grouped in baches of a maximum length of 300 days. The groups of inseminations have then been attached to the calvings happened in an interval of 260–300 days from at least one of the services in the group. Phenotypes estimated for both heifers and cows are Non-Return Rate at 56 days (NRR56) and Interval from First to Last service (IFL); Age at First Insemination (AFI) has been computed only for heifers, while Days from delivery To First Service (DTFS) and Equivalent Milk Yield 305 (EMY305) only for cows. The values of the phenotypes have been filtered to be in line with biological and economic criteria of cattle farming. The final dataset is composed of 35081 records for heifers and 100285 records for cows. Correlations and Co-Variances between the phenotypes have been calculated. For Heifers we observe a slight positive correlation between AFI and NRR56 (ρxy = −0.061) and a negative correlation between NRR56 and IFL (ρxy = −0.349); IFL and AFI are negatively correlated (ρxy = −0.048). For cow fertility traits NRR56 resulted to be positively correlated with DTFS (ρxy = 0.088) and negatively correlated with EMY305 (ρxy = −0.092) and IFL (ρxy = −0.293); DTFS resulted negatively correlated to IFL (ρxy = −0.015) and EMY305 (ρxy = −0.045), while IFL and EMY305 resulted positively correlated (ρxy = 0.083). The next step is to calculate genetic parameters and EBVs for fertility traits for Italian Jersey

Victims of terrorism-related disasters: experience of a hospital on the border of Iraq

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to analyze the data of patients who were admitted to our emergency department (ED) because of terrorism-related injuries.   MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed the patients who were admitted to a state hospital’s ED with terrorism-related injuries between 01.01.2016 and 01.01.2018. The data about mechanism of injury, injured body part, Abbreviated Injury Scale scores, management, and outcomes: discharge from the ED, hospitalization to the ward, transfer to the operation room and/or intensive care unit, transfer to a tertiary hospital, the length of stay in the hospital, exitus, and re-admission were analyzed.   RESULTS: Of the 296 patients admitted, 93.9% were male and 6.1% were female, and 14.2% of the cases were children. Gunshot wounds represented 66.2% of the cases, whereas 33.8% of them had explosion injuries. Overall ED mortality rate was 15.5%. The mortality rate was higher in gunshot wounds. The most affected regions were the extremities, pelvis and external organs. Thorax injuries had the highest rate of mortality. Of the patients, 42.2% were discharged from the ED. The highest rate of ED discharge was with extremities, pelvis and external organ injuries. The ED mortality rate in the pediatric group was 21.4%. Gunshot wounded group had a higher mortality rate. Similar to adults the highest mortality rate was in the thoracic injury group.   CONCLUSIONS: Because of the variety of injuries, the management of terrorism victims requires a broad perspective. We think that the ED mortality rate can be used to assess the quality of the critical care provided

Significance of Maternal Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 levels with Factor V leiden, Factor II g.20210G>A, MTHFR C667T and MTHFR A1298C variations in Anencephaly

Amaç Multifaktöryel anensefali etyolojisi halen tam olarak bilinmeyen durumlardan biridir. Etiyolojinin daha iyi anlaşılması için bilinen faktörler olan Folat ve vitamin B12 düzeyleri yanı sıra Faktör V Leiden, Faktör II g.20210G>A, MTHFR c.667C>T and MTHFR c.1298A>C polimorfizmlerini anensefalili gebeliği olan ve sağlıklı gebeliği olan annelerde inceleyerek karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot Çalışmamızda 10 anensefalili gebeliği olan anne ve 32 sağlıklı gebede serum folat ve B12 vitamin düzeyleri yanı sıra Real-Time PCR ile Faktör V Leiden, Faktör II G20210A, MTHFR C667T ve MTHFR A1298C polimorfizmlerinin genotipleri incelenerek karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç Çalışmamızda serum folat düzeyi ve MTHFR A1298C genotipi açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark saptandı. Serum B12 vitamin düzeyi, FVL, FII G20210A ve MTHFR C667T varyasyonları anensefalili gebe ve kontrollerin karşılaştırmasında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlendi. Tartışma Anensefali ve nöral tüp defekti gelişiminde anne folat düzeylerinin düşük olması bilinen bir faktördür. MTHFR gen polimorfizmleri ile ilişkili çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. Biz de çalışmamızda folat eksikliğinin etiyolojide önemli rol oynadığını; ancak diğer faktörlerin anlamlı fark yaratmadığını belirledik. Ayrıca, anensefali için daha fazla araştırmaya gerek olduğu kanaatindeyiz.Aim Exact etiology of multifactorial anencephaly is still unclear. For a better understanding of the etiology, we sought to determine serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 as well as genetic variations including Factor V Leiden, Factor II g.20210G>A, MTHFR c.667C>T and MTHFR c.1298A>C in pregnant Turkish women with fetal anencephaly, and healthy pregnant women to point out significant differences. Material-Methods We compared the concentration of serum folate, vitamin B12 and genotype related with Factor V Leiden (FVL), Factor II (FII) G20210A, MTHFR C667T and MTHFR A1298C variations in 10 pregnant mothers with fetal anencephaly, and 32 mothers with healthy pregnancies. Gene polymorphisms were genotyped using Real-Time PCR. Results We found a significant difference in serum folate concentrations and MTHFR A1298C genotypes between groups. However, serum B12 vitamin concentrations and Factor V Leiden, Factor II G20210A, and MTHFR C667T genotypes were not significantly different in mothers with fetal anencephaly, compared to controls. Conclusion Low maternal folate level is a known factor in the development of anencephaly and neural tube defects. Studies indicating an association with MTHFR gene polymorphisms are also present. We have determined that the lack of folic acid plays an important role in the etiology of anencephaly, however other factors are not significant. We believe that more research is needed as the etiology of anencephaly is still not fully understood