Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1

Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms

Phase diagram of the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model

The electron\u2013electron and electron\u2013phonon interactions play an important role in correlated materials, being key features for spin, charge and pair correlations. Thus, here we investigate their effects in strongly correlated systems by performing unbiased quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the square lattice Hubbard-Holstein model at half-filling. We study the competition and interplay between antiferromagnetism (AFM) and charge-density wave (CDW), establishing its very rich phase diagram. In the region between AFM and CDW phases, we have found an enhancement of superconducting pairing correlations, favouring (nonlocal) s-wave pairs. Our study sheds light over past inconsistencies in the literature, in particular the emergence of CDW in the pure Holstein model case

Centering inclusivity in the design of online conferences: An OHBM-Open Science perspective

As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities. Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements of an online conference are still significant barriers to truly diverse participation: the tools used can be inaccessible for some individuals; the scheduling choices can favour some geographical locations; the set-up of the conference can provide more visibility to well-established researchers and reduce opportunities for early-career researchers. While acknowledging the benefits of an online setting, especially for individuals who have traditionally been underrepresented or excluded, we recognize that fostering social justice requires inclusivity to actively be centered in every aspect of online conference design. Here, we draw from the literature and from our own experiences to identify practices that purposefully encourage a diverse community to attend, participate in, and lead online conferences. Reflecting on how to design more inclusive online events is especially important as multiple scientific organizations have announced that they will continue offering an online version of their event when in-person conferences can resume

The past, present, and future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS

ELASTOPLASTIC FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC ROTATING-DISKS WITH HOLES

The elasto-plastic stress analysis of orthotropic rotating discs with holes has been carried out by the finite element method (FEM). An isoparametric rectangular element with nine nodes has been chosen and the Lagrange polynomial has been used as interpolation function. Steel-aluminium composite has been manufactured by upsetting under the pressure and the temperature. Mechanical properties and yield strengths of composite material have been obtained experimentally by using a strain gauge in the tensile testing machine. The expansions of plastic regions have been illustrated for various cases. Residual stresses and tangential stresses have been shown on the elasto-plastic boundaries of the disc. The limit of angular velocities of the orthotropic disc have been increased by using tangential residual stresses and tangential stresses in the disc subjected to the centrifugal force

Dynamic characteristics of laminated woven E-glass-epoxy composite plates subjected to low velocity heavy mass impact

The main goal of this study is to examine the size effects including both in-plane dimensional and thickness effects for laminated woven E-glass-epoxy composite subjected to low velocity heavy mass impact. The studies have been carried out with plate dimensions of 150 x 150 mm, 150 x 100 mm and 150 x 50 mm for in-plane dimensional effect. Two nominal thicknesses with averages of 1.4 and 2.8 mm are used for studying the thickness effect. The impact testings are conducted with a vertical drop-weight testing machine developed in the department laboratory. Affixed to the drop-weight device, a piezoelectric force transducer, localized in the hemispherical impactor nose, yields the complete force versus time history of impact event. Impact tests are performed at increasing impact velocities 1, 2 and 3 m/s and impactor mass of 2.6 kg on clamped plates. A numerical evaluation of these specimens is also carried out by using 3DIMPACT transient dynamic finite element analysis code. The contact forces between the impactor and the composite plate as functions of time, transient stresses during impact and the predicted delamination sizes of composites are found numerically

Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of metal matrix plates with edge notches

A two-dimensional finite element program has been developed for elastic-plastic analysis. Isoparametric quadrilateral element with four nodes is used and Lagrange polynomial has been chosen as interpolation function. In the finite element solution, an initial stress method (modified Newton-Raphson method) is used. Residual stresses have been shown in figures and the spread of plastic zones has been illustrated for steel-aluminum composite plates with edge notches. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Elastic-plastic stress analysis of thermoplastic composite beams under temperature distributed linearly

In this study, an elastic-plastic thermal stress analysis is carried out on a thermoplastic composite beam. Temperature is chosen to vary linearly along the sections of the beam. The beam is made of steel fibre thermoplastic matrix composite. It is fixed by two rigid planes at the ends. The solution is performed for 0degrees, 45degrees, 60degrees and 90degrees orientation angles. The orientation angle of 30degrees does not give any plastic yielding, for it melts before plastic yielding. The intensity of the residual stress component of sigma(x) is maximum at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam and is obtained to be the greatest for the orientation angle of 0degrees. The equivalent plastic strain is found to be the greatest for 0degrees and 60degrees orientation angles. Plastic yielding begins on the beam at the highest temperature for 45degrees orientation angle

Numerical analysis of the influence of buffer layer thickness on the residual stresses in YBCO/La2Zr2O7/Ni superconducting materials

The present paper addresses a numerical investigation of the influence of buffer layer thickness on the residual stress in YBCO/La2Zr2O7/Ni architectured materials under cryogenic conditions by using classical lamination theory (CLT) and finite element method (FEM) for coated conductor applications. YBCO/La2Zr2O7 multilayer films were fabricated on Ni tape substrate using reel-to-reel sol-gel and pulse laser deposition (PLD) systems. The microstructural evolution of high temperature superconducting YBCO film and buffer layers with La2Zr2O7 configuration grown on textured Ni tape substrates was investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal stress analysis of YBCO/La2Zr2O7/Ni multilayer sample was performed by using CLT in the temperature range of 298-175 K in liquid helium media. The YBCO/La2Zr2O7/Ni sample strip was solved by using FEM for linear or nonlinear cases in the temperature range of 298-3 K in liquid helium media. SEM observations revealed that crack-free, pinhole-free, continuous superconducting film and buffer layer were obtained by sol-gel and PLD systems. In addition to microstructural observations, it was found that the largest compressive stresses and failure occur in La2Zr2O7 buffer layer due to its smallest thermal expansion coefficient. The thickness of La2Zr2O7 buffer layer affects the failure. The stress component of σx is the smallest in Ni tape substrate due to its largest thickness. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved