Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma

Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) first described by Engleman et al. in 1977, was generally reported as individual cases in the world literature.1 In most cases, PHG occurs as solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules with well defined boundaries.2 They usually grow slowly or may not grow at all; Although positron emission tomography CT is useful in ruling out metastatic lesions, increased metabolic activity may occur in PHG lesions.3 In histolog- ical analysis, homogeneous hyaline lamellae are usually detected in a perivascular distribution, surrounded by the collection of plasma cells, lymphocytes and histiocytes

Ali Fuat Başgil’in liberalizm anlayışı

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Liberalizm, bireysel hak ve özgürlükler kavramları üzerinde şekillenen ve daha sonra kendi içerisinde farklı türlere ayrılan bir dünya görüşüdür. Kavram olarak liberalizm ortaya çıkmasından bu yana Batı'da önemli tartışmalara sebep olmuş bir düşünce tarzı olarak ülkemizde hiçbir zaman Batı'daki kadar popüler olamamıştır. Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu toplumsal yapı ve kültürün liberalizmin özünde yer alan bireycilik anlayışına zıt bir şekilde daha toplumcu özellikler taşıması bunun nedenlerinden bir tanesi olarak gösterilebilir. Öte yandan liberal değerlerin Türkiye'de içselleştirilememesinde aydınların da önemli bir role sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu noktada Başgil'in liberalizm yanlısı düşünceleri, Türkiye'de yerleşip gelişme imkânı bulamayan liberalizm anlayışının, bireysel hak ve özgürlüklerin yanında demokrasi fikriyle de birleştirilip gelişme göstermesi için önemli kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın birinci bölümünde genel olarak liberalizm kavramından bahsedilirken, ikinci bölümde Başgil'in Türk düşünce tarihi ve Türk siyasal hayatında aktif olduğu yıllarda Türkiye'de liberalizm anlayışı incelenip, Başgil'in hayatı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çalışmanın son bölümü ise liberalizmin temel ilkeleri çerçevesinde Başgil'in liberalizm anlayışı mercek altına alınmaktadır. Başgil'in liberalizm kavramına dair fikirlerinin detaylıca ele alınmaya çalışıldığı bu tezde, onun görüşleri doğrultusunda liberalizme ilişkin sahip olduğu düşüncelerin Türkiye'de bu anlayışın gelişmesine oldukça katkıda bulunduğu söylenebilir. Devletçilik rejiminin uygulandığı bir dönemde bireysel hak ve özgürlüklerden söz etmesi, hukukun üstünlüğü, demokrasi ve özellikle de liberalizme olan inancını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda Başgil'in düşünce yapısına dair elde edilen çıkarımlar, onun liberalizm anlayışına dair önemli fikirler elde edilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Ayrıca, Türk siyasi ve akademik hayatında önemli bir isim olarak Başgil'in liberalizm konusundaki düşüncelerinin incelendiği bu çalışmanın, Başgil'e dair olan literatüre liberalizm bağlamında katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Ali Fuat Başgil, liberalizm, demokrasi, siyasal ideolojilerLiberalism is a worldview which is shaped on the concepts of individual rights and freedoms and then divided into different kinds within itself. As a concept, liberalism has never been as popular in western countries as a way of thinking that has caused considerable debate in the West since its emergence. Contrary to the concept of individualism, which is at the core of liberalism, the social structure and culture that Turkey possesses can be shown as one of the reasons for its more community focused characteristics. On the other hand, intellectuals are also thought to play an important role in the not internalization of liberal values in Turkey. At this point, Başgil's proliberal views are regarded as important for the idea of liberalism, which can not be settled and developed in Turkey, to be combined with the notion of democracy in addition to individual rights and freedoms. In this context, while the first part of the study mentions the concept of liberalism in general, the second part explores the idea of liberalism in Turkey in the years when Başgil was active in the history of Turkish thought and Turkish political life and also focuses on the life of Başgil. The last part of the study focuses on Başgil's understanding of liberalism within the framework of the basic principles of liberalization. It can be said that in this thesis, in which Başgil's ideas on the concept of liberalism are tried to be elaborated in detail, his considerations regarding liberalism in his view are quite contributing to the development of this understanding in Turkey. His mention of individual rights and freedoms at a time when the statism regime was in effect reveals his belief in rule of law, democracy and especially in liberalism. As a result of this work, the conclusions about the thought structure of Başgil will help us to get important ideas about the his understanding of liberalism. In addition, it is thought that this study, in which as an important person in Turkish political and academic life Başgil's thoughts on liberalism are examined, will contribute to the literatüre, in context of liberalism regarding Başgil. Keywords : Ali Fuat Başgil, liberalism, democracy, political ideologie

Effets de l'irradiation alpha sur les propriétés physico-chimique de verres silicatés : Etude des propriétés mécaniques, structurales et de la durabilité chimique

Borosilicate glasses are intended to be used for the long-term confinement of high-level nuclear wastes. Alpha particles from the minor actinides induce modifications of the glass structure which could deteriorate the efficiency of the confinement. External irradiation with 1 MeV He ions and 7 MeV Au ions were performed in the SON68 glass in order to simulate effect of alpha particles and recoils nucleus. Dual beam irradiations composed by He+Au ions were also investigated in order to simulate both effects of those two kind of particles. To understand the fundamental origin in physico-chemical properties, irradiation were also carried out on a 6 oxides borosilicate glass called International Simplified Glass (ISG) and two commercially available glass Planilux and Spectrosil 2000, both from Saint-Gobain. The mechanical properties and chemical durability of each glass were studied as a function of the cumulated dose. Results show that both alpha particles and heavy ions lead to variation in hardness, reduced Young’s modulus and density. Characterization techniques such as Raman, RMN, and XPS spectroscopy were used to analyze structural modifications induced by radiations. Chemical durability of pristine and irradiated glasses was determined by monitoring the release of glass alteration elements B, Li, Si, Mo and Cs. The alteration layer was characterized by SEM imaging and EDX spectroscopy.Cette thèse est dédiée à la compréhension de l’impact des irradiations alpha sur la stabilité mécanique et la durabilité chimique du verre nucléaire. Des irradiations externes aux ions He et aux ions Au ont été réalisées sur le verre SON68 afin de simuler l’effet des particules alpha et des noyaux de reculs. L’effet simultané des deux types de particules a été étudiée avec des irradiations à double faisceau He+Au. Pour comprendre les mécanismes fondamentaux à l'origine des modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques, les irradiations ont également été réalisées sur un verre borosilicaté à 6 oxydes appelé ISG, sur le verre à vitre Planilux et sur la silice vitreuse Spectrosil 2000. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que les deux types d’irradiation ont un impact sur la dureté, le module d’Young réduit et la densité des verres. La structure des échantillons irradiés a été analysée par RMN, Ramanet XPS. L’effet des irradiations sur la durabilité chimique a été mesuré avec des tests de lixiviations en mode statique dans une eau ultra-pure portée à 90°C. Les solutions de lixiviations ont été prélevées à intervalles de temps réguliers puis analysées par ICP-MS. L’altération chimique des échantillons a été caractérisée par la perte de masse normalisée des éléments traceurs B, Li, Si, Mo, Cs relâchés en solution. La couche d’altération a été caractérisée par imagerie MEB et par spectroscopie EDX

Tips for 6 Months After COVID-19 Pneumonia: Acute Inflammatory Parameters

Objective:In our study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of the acute phase parameters of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, lymphocyte, thrombocyte and ferritin on the respiratory function parameters in patients hospitalized due to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.Method:The present study was carried out with the retrospective evaluation of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, who were hospitalized in Medipol University Hospital between March 2020 and June 2021, and who were 6 months to 1 year after discharge. The relationship between pulmonary function test results and acute period laboratory findings of 52 patients who applied for control purposes 6 months after discharge was examined.Results:Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (pred) value in 26 patients (50%), total lung capacity (TLC) value in 9 patients (17.3%), and residual volume (RV) (pred) value in 10 patients (19.2%) were below 80%. As a result of multiple linear regression analysis in our study, the maximum D-dimer level and maximum procalcitonin level were determined by DLCO (% pred) (adjusted R2 =0.645; p<0.001), TLC (% pred) (adjusted R2 =0.582; p=0.003) and RV (% pred) (adjusted R2 =0.560; p=0.001) values and were independent determinants in predicting these values.Conclusion:High D-dimer and procalcitonin levels in the acute period in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may predict losses in respiratory function parameters such as DLCO, TLC, RV in the longer term than 6 months. Long-term follow-up of these patients is important in terms of respiratory function

Effect of alpha radiation on the physical and chemical properties of silicate glasses

Cette thèse est dédiée à la compréhension de l’impact des irradiations alpha sur la stabilité mécanique et la durabilité chimique du verre nucléaire. Des irradiations externes aux ions He et aux ions Au ont été réalisées sur le verre SON68 afin de simuler l’effet des particules alpha et des noyaux de reculs. L’effet simultané des deux types de particules a été étudiée avec des irradiations à double faisceau He+Au. Pour comprendre les mécanismes fondamentaux à l'origine des modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques, les irradiations ont également été réalisées sur un verre borosilicaté à 6 oxydes appelé ISG, sur le verre à vitre Planilux et sur la silice vitreuse Spectrosil 2000. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que les deux types d’irradiation ont un impact sur la dureté, le module d’Young réduit et la densité des verres. La structure des échantillons irradiés a été analysée par RMN, Ramanet XPS. L’effet des irradiations sur la durabilité chimique a été mesuré avec des tests de lixiviations en mode statique dans une eau ultra-pure portée à 90°C. Les solutions de lixiviations ont été prélevées à intervalles de temps réguliers puis analysées par ICP-MS. L’altération chimique des échantillons a été caractérisée par la perte de masse normalisée des éléments traceurs B, Li, Si, Mo, Cs relâchés en solution. La couche d’altération a été caractérisée par imagerie MEB et par spectroscopie EDX.Borosilicate glasses are intended to be used for the long-term confinement of high-level nuclear wastes. Alpha particles from the minor actinides induce modifications of the glass structure which could deteriorate the efficiency of the confinement. External irradiation with 1 MeV He ions and 7 MeV Au ions were performed in the SON68 glass in order to simulate effect of alpha particles and recoils nucleus. Dual beam irradiations composed by He+Au ions were also investigated in order to simulate both effects of those two kind of particles. To understand the fundamental origin in physico-chemical properties, irradiation were also carried out on a 6 oxides borosilicate glass called International Simplified Glass (ISG) and two commercially available glass Planilux and Spectrosil 2000, both from Saint-Gobain. The mechanical properties and chemical durability of each glass were studied as a function of the cumulated dose. Results show that both alpha particles and heavy ions lead to variation in hardness, reduced Young’s modulus and density. Characterization techniques such as Raman, RMN, and XPS spectroscopy were used to analyze structural modifications induced by radiations. Chemical durability of pristine and irradiated glasses was determined by monitoring the release of glass alteration elements B, Li, Si, Mo and Cs. The alteration layer was characterized by SEM imaging and EDX spectroscopy

Effect of alpha radiation on the physical and chemical properties of silicate glasses

Cette thèse est dédiée à la compréhension de l’impact des irradiations alpha sur la stabilité mécanique et la durabilité chimique du verre nucléaire. Des irradiations externes aux ions He et aux ions Au ont été réalisées sur le verre SON68 afin de simuler l’effet des particules alpha et des noyaux de reculs. L’effet simultané des deux types de particules a été étudiée avec des irradiations à double faisceau He+Au. Pour comprendre les mécanismes fondamentaux à l'origine des modifications des propriétés physico-chimiques, les irradiations ont également été réalisées sur un verre borosilicaté à 6 oxydes appelé ISG, sur le verre à vitre Planilux et sur la silice vitreuse Spectrosil 2000. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que les deux types d’irradiation ont un impact sur la dureté, le module d’Young réduit et la densité des verres. La structure des échantillons irradiés a été analysée par RMN, Ramanet XPS. L’effet des irradiations sur la durabilité chimique a été mesuré avec des tests de lixiviations en mode statique dans une eau ultra-pure portée à 90°C. Les solutions de lixiviations ont été prélevées à intervalles de temps réguliers puis analysées par ICP-MS. L’altération chimique des échantillons a été caractérisée par la perte de masse normalisée des éléments traceurs B, Li, Si, Mo, Cs relâchés en solution. La couche d’altération a été caractérisée par imagerie MEB et par spectroscopie EDX.Borosilicate glasses are intended to be used for the long-term confinement of high-level nuclear wastes. Alpha particles from the minor actinides induce modifications of the glass structure which could deteriorate the efficiency of the confinement. External irradiation with 1 MeV He ions and 7 MeV Au ions were performed in the SON68 glass in order to simulate effect of alpha particles and recoils nucleus. Dual beam irradiations composed by He+Au ions were also investigated in order to simulate both effects of those two kind of particles. To understand the fundamental origin in physico-chemical properties, irradiation were also carried out on a 6 oxides borosilicate glass called International Simplified Glass (ISG) and two commercially available glass Planilux and Spectrosil 2000, both from Saint-Gobain. The mechanical properties and chemical durability of each glass were studied as a function of the cumulated dose. Results show that both alpha particles and heavy ions lead to variation in hardness, reduced Young’s modulus and density. Characterization techniques such as Raman, RMN, and XPS spectroscopy were used to analyze structural modifications induced by radiations. Chemical durability of pristine and irradiated glasses was determined by monitoring the release of glass alteration elements B, Li, Si, Mo and Cs. The alteration layer was characterized by SEM imaging and EDX spectroscopy

THE UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES OF METHANE PRODUCED FROM UNDERGRAUND COAL SEAMS

A few coal mines use coalbed methane recovered from coal seams. As well as being unable to use gas means waste of an economically valuable source, it contributes to global warming. Gases recovered from coal mines can be used for various applications as an alternative source to natural gas or such as generation of power related to methane concentration. In cases the sale and/or use of gas would not be profitable, the best way for decreasing gas emissions is to destroy methane via flaring. In this study, the utilization technologies of methane are defined in detail and the examples being in practice are given

YERALTI KÖMÜR DAMARLARINDAN ÜRETİLEN METANIN KULLANIM TEKNOLOJİLERİ

Kömür işletmelerinin çok azı kömür damarlarından elde ettikleri gazı kullanmaktadır. Gazın kullanılamaması ekonomik yönden karlı olabilecek bir kaynağın israf edilmesi anlamına gelmesinin yanısıra, küresel ısınmaya da katkıda bulunmaktadır. Kömür damarlarından elde edilen gazlar, metan konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak doğal gaza alternatif bir kaynak yada elektrik üretimi gibi çeşitli uygulamalarda kullanılabilmektedir. Gazın kullanılmasının ve/veya satışının mümkün olmadığı durumlarda, gaz emisyonunun azaltılması için en iyi yol, gazın yanma yoluyla bertaraf edilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, kömür damarlarından elde edilen metan gazının kullanım teknolojileri detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmış ve uygulamalar hakkında örnekler verilmiştir

Assessment of the Applications of Water Jet Technology in Mining Sector

Waterjet technology finding broad application potential in different areas, due to having low cutting force required and the possibility of flexible and multi-directional cutting, is used as an alternative method over the conventional cutting systems. Waterjet technology, used firstly in excavation processes of soft rocks in mining, has increased its usability with the hydraulic excavation of coal. Nowadays, it is commonly used for block cutting in quarries and processing of natural stones for the purposes of decorative production. The method has the potential use in drilling and tunneling processes too. Recently, investigations have been carried out to enhance the usability of the technology in milling processes. In this study, an assessment of some applications of waterjet technology in mining is presented. Additionally, the technology is compared with other cutting systems used in mining in terms of various aspects as well. As a result of the study, it is determined that the cutting process with waterjet technology could be efficiently used in mining sector because of the advantages such as little material losses, not requiring any additional processes after cutting, eliminating the dust, increasing the fragmentation efficiency of rock or coal, decreasing the costs resulted from wear

Su Jeti Teknolojisinin Madencilik Sektöründeki Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Farklı alanlarda yaygın kullanım olanağı bulan su jeti teknolojisi; düşük kesme kuvveti gerektirmesi, esnek ve çok yönlü kesme olanağına sahip olması nedeniyle geleneksel kesme sistemlerine alternatif bir yöntem olarak kullanılmaktadır. Madencilik alanında ilk olarak yumuşak kayaçların kazılması işleminde kullanılan su jeti teknolojisi, kömürün hidrolik kazılabilirliği ile bu alandaki kullanımını arttırmıştır. Günümüzde ise doğal taş ocak işletmeciliğinde blok kesimi ve doğal taş işleme süreçlerinde dekoratif üretim amaçları için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yöntem delik delme ve tünel açma işlemlerinde de kullanım olanağı bulmuştur. Son yıllarda, su jeti teknolojisinin boyut küçültme işlemlerinde kullanımını yaygınlaştırmak için araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, su jeti teknolojisinin madencilik sektöründeki bazı kullanım alanlarına yönelik bir değerlendirme sunulmuştur. Ek olarak su jeti teknolojisinin madencilikte kullanılan diğer kesme sistemlerine göre çeşitli açılardan karşılaştırılması da yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, su jeti teknolojisi ile yapılan kesme işleminde malzeme kaybının az olması, kesim sonrası ikincil işlem gerektirmemesi, toz problemini ortadan kaldırması, kayaç veya kömür parçalanma veriminin artması ve aşınma kaynaklı maliyetlerin azaltılması gibi avantajları nedeniyle madencilik sektöründe verimli bir şekilde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir