Evaluation of Alfalfa Plants Growth Irrigated with Arsenic Contaminated Water

The natural and anthropogenic process cause arsenic contamination of waters and creates serious environmental problems throughout the world. Due to the alfalfa is an important crop in diverse farming systems, it has been grown almost 33% of Turkey’s cropland. In this experimental study, effect of As on the alfalfa plant growth and As accumulation in the shoot of the alfalfa was determined. The accumulation of As in shoots as well as growth of alfalfa at various As contaminated water was evaluated. Alfalfa plants were grown in a greenhouse on a soil amended with different concentrations of As (control, 0.51.01.52.02.53.04.06.08.0 mg/L). In this study, data of two harvest samples were presented. Experimental results indicated that the irrigation with Ascontaminated water of alfalfa cause dry weight increase compared to control pots. As accumulation in the shoots of alfalfa plant increase with increasing As concentrations in the irrigation waters. As accumulation in the shoots at the 2 nd harvest samples were higher than the 1 st samples. However, As accumulation differences between the 1 st and 2 nd samples decreased when the As concentrations in the irrigation water was higher than 4 mg/L

Prefetch throttling and data pinning for improving performance of shared caches

In this paper, we (i) quantify the impact of compilerdirected I/O prefetching on shared caches at I/O nodes. The experimental data collected shows that while I/O prefetching brings some benefits, its effectiveness reduces significantly as the number of clients (compute nodes) is increased; (ii) identify interclient misses due to harmful I/O prefetches as one of the main sources for this reduction in performance with increased number of clients; and (iii) propose and experimentally evaluate prefetch throttling and data pinning schemes to improve performance of I/O prefetching. Prefetch throttling prevents one or more clients from issuing further prefetches if such prefetches are predicted to be harmful, i.e., replace from the memory cache the useful data accessed by other clients. Data pinning on the other hand makes selected data blocks immune to harmful prefetches by pinning them in the memory cache. We show that these two schemes can be applied in isolation or combined together, and they can be applied at a coarse or fine granularity. Our experiments with these two optimizations using four disk-intensive applications reveal that they can improve performance by 9.7% and 15.1% on average, over standard compiler-directed I/O prefetching and no-prefetch case, respectively, when 8 clients are used. © 2008 IEEE

Profiler and compiler assisted adaptive I/O prefetching for shared storage caches

I/O prefetching has been employed in the past as one of the mech- anisms to hide large disk latencies. However, I/O prefetching in parallel applications is problematic when multiple CPUs share the same set of disks due to the possibility that prefetches from different CPUs can interact on shared memory caches in the I/O nodes in complex and unpredictable ways. In this paper, we (i) quantify the impact of compiler-directed I/O prefetching - developed originally in the context of sequential execution - on shared caches at I/O nodes. The experimental data collected shows that while I/O prefetching brings benefits, its effectiveness reduces significantly as the number of CPUs is increased; (ii) identify inter-CPU misses due to harmful prefetches as one of the main sources for this re- duction in performance with the increased number of CPUs; and (iii) propose and experimentally evaluate a profiler and compiler assisted adaptive I/O prefetching scheme targeting shared storage caches. The proposed scheme obtains inter-thread data sharing information using profiling and, based on the captured data sharing patterns, divides the threads into clusters and assigns a separate (customized) I/O prefetcher thread for each cluster. In our approach, the compiler generates the I/O prefetching threads automatically. We implemented this new I/O prefetching scheme using a compiler and the PVFS file system running on Linux, and the empirical data collected clearly underline the importance of adapting I/O prefetching based on program phases. Specifically, our pro- posed scheme improves performance, on average, by 19.9%, 11.9% and http://dx.doi.org/10.3% over the cases without I/O prefetching, with independent I/O prefetching (each CPU is performing compiler-directed I/O prefetching independently), and with one CPU prefetching (one CPU is reserved for prefetching on behalf of others), respectively, when 8 CPUs are used. Copyright 2008 ACM

Evaluating the Expressiveness of a Multimethod Object-Oriented Programming Language

Although most popular object oriented languages use single dispatch, multiple dispatch programming languages offer more expressiveness over single dispatch languages. We developed an interpreter for a multimethod object-oriented language, TSTBC, to study the expressiveness of these languages. Compared with other multimethod languages, TSTBC features: objects that can act as classes, instances, and first-class generic functions, as well as method update. TSTBC has scoped inheritance, and the inheritance relation of an object is set at the time of its creation. The generic functions can be extended in the scope they are declared in, but only way to extend a generic function in a nested scope is to create a new generic function, assign the old generic function's methods to the new generic function and extend the new generic function. Keywords: Multimethods, generic functions, object-oriented programming languages, encapsulation, information hiding, block structure, subtyping, inheritance, TSTBC language. 1994 CR Categories: D.3.1 [Programming Languages] Formal Definitions and Theory --- semantics; D.3.2 [Programming Languages] Language Classifications --- object-oriented languages; D.3.3 [Programming Languages] Language Constructs and Features --- abstract data types, control structures, procedures, functions, and subroutines; D.3.m [Programming Languages] Miscellaneous --- multimethods, generic functions; F.3.2 [Logics and Meanings of Programs] Semantics of Programming Languages --- operational semantics; F.3.3 [Logics and Meanings of Programs] Studies of Program Constructs --- control primitives.Copyright © Sevtap Otles Karakoy, 1998.</p

Evaluating the Expressiveness of a Multimethod Object-Oriented Programming Language

Although most popular object oriented languages use single dispatch, multiple dispatch programming languages offer more expressiveness over single dispatch languages. We developed an interpreter for a multimethod object-oriented language, TSTBC, to study the expressiveness of these languages. Compared with other multimethod languages, TSTBC features: objects that can act as classes, instances, and first-class generic functions, as well as method update. TSTBC has scoped inheritance, and the inheritance relation of an object is set at the time of its creation. The generic functions can be extended in the scope they are declared in, but only way to extend a generic function in a nested scope is to create a new generic function, assign the old generic function&apos;s methods to the new generic function and extend the new generic function

GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN WINTER CHICKPEA (CICER ARIENTINUM L.)

WOS: 000446644900062The aim of the present study was examined for genotype x environment interactions, stability performance and adaptability of 18 chickpea genotypes for grain yield and yield components under ecological conditions of the Mediterranean of Turkey. The genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations during two years. Genotype-environment interactions were significantly found for grain yield and all the yield components. Stability parameters revealed that Cevdetbey and Seckin were found to be fairly stable for days to flowering under all the environments. None of the genotypes with high mean were highly stable over environment for grain yield and number of pods per plant. The genotype Seckin was quite stable across all environment for plant height. Canitez was stable for number of grains per plant. Seckin and Er for 100- grain weight showed relatively stable performance over all environment

An Energy Saving Strategy Based on Adaptive Loop Parallelization

In this paper, we evaluate an adaptive loop parallelization strategy (i.e., a strategy that allows each loop nest to execute using different number of processors if doing so is beneficial) and measure the potential energy savings when unused processors during execution of a nested loop in a multi-processor on-a-chip (MPoC) are shut down (i.e., placed into a power-down or sleep state). Our results show that shutting down unused processors can lead to as much as 67% energy savings with up to 17% performance loss in a set of array-intensive applications. We also discuss and evaluate a processor pre-activation strategy based on compile-time analysis of nested loops. Based on our experiments, we conclude that an adaptive loop parallelization strategy combined with idle processor shut-down and pre-activation can be very effective in reducing energy consumption without increasing execution time