Unilateral hyperhydrosis in Pourfour du Petit syndrome

WOS: 000223034900050PubMed: 15296919Upper limp hyperhydrosis is an idiopathic disease with bilateral involvement. However, Pourfour du Petit syndrome, the opposite of Horner syndrome, may result in unilateral upper limb hyperhydrosis. It occurs following hyperactivity of the sympathetic cervical chain as a consequence of irritation secondary to trauma. We report herein two cases with Pourfour du Petit syndrome showing unilateral upper limb hyperhydrosis. The patients presented with right-sided mydriasis and ipsilateral hemifacial hyperhydrosis. The onset of disease was followed by a trauma in both patients. They underwent upper thoracic sympathectomy with favorable outcome. A history of an antecedent trauma in patients with unilateral upper limb hyperhydrosis and anisocoria may imply a possible diagnosis of Pourfour du Petit syndrome. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Impacts of freshwater on the seasonal variations of surface salinity and circulation in the Caspian Sea

A fine resolution (approximate to 3.3 km) version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) is developed for the Caspian Sea. The model consists of a hybrid sigma-z coordinate system, with sigma-coordinates for the upper layers and z-levels below a user-specified depth and in very shallow water. General features of the Caspian Sea HYCOM are presented including the bottom topography, initialization and atmospheric forcing along with river discharge. The climatologically forced model simulation reveals that there is net heat loss (gain) during winter (summer), and that rivers can have significant influence on the freshwater fluxes, especially on the northwestern shelf. There is a strong seasonal cycle in the net surface heat fluxes. The freshwater fluxes are found to be locally dominated by river discharge. In particular, the Volga River, which has very high discharge rate during the summer months, is found to play an important role in driving the seasonal cycle of freshwater fluxes in the North Caspian Sea. Over the basin, the buoyancy fluxes calculated from net heat and freshwater fluxes indicate that buoyancy is much more sensitive to variations in heating than precipitation-evaporation since thermal buoyancy fluxes are much greater than the haline buoyancy fluxes. A set of model simulations further investigates the impact of evaporation, precipitation and river flow on the upper ocean quantities. It is demonstrated that the discharge rate from the Volga River controls the monthly variations in surface salinity fields in the North Caspian Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Height over the Black Sea: Relation to Climatic Patterns

Sea surface height (SSH) variability is presented over the Black Sea during 1993-2005. The 1/4 degrees x 1/4 degrees resolution daily SSH fields are formed using optimal interpolation of available altimeter data. SSH variability reveals distinct maxima in the eastern and western basins, reflecting variations in the corresponding gyres. A joint examination of SSH and sea surface temperature (SST) indicates strong relationship between the two only in winter, with correlations as high as 0.6 or more. This would reflect a steric change in sea surface height due to thermal expansion averaged over a relatively deep winter mixed layer. Newly developed SSH fields also demonstrate a switch to the positive mode of SSH starting from the end of 1996 lasting approximate to 4 yr. Such a climatic shift is found to be strongly related to large-scale teleconnection patterns. Finally, the daily SSH and SST anomaly fields presented in this paper can supplement various applications in the Black Sea, such as examination of biological production and mesoscale eddy dynamics

Kimura's disease in a Caucasian male treated with cyclosporine

WOS: 000234480000021PubMed: 16409279

Temperature versus salinity gradients below the ocean mixed layer

We characterize the global ocean seasonal variability of the temperature versus salinity gradients in the transition layer just below the mixed layer using observations of conductivity temperature and depth and profiling float data from the National Ocean Data Center's World Ocean Data set. The balance of these gradients determines the temperature versus salinity control at the mixed layer depth (MLD). We define the MLD as the shallowest of the isothermal, isohaline, and isopycnal layer depths (ITLD, IHLD, and IPLD), each with a shared dependence on a 0.2 degrees C temperature offset. Data are gridded monthly using a variational technique that minimizes the squared analysis slope and data misfit. Surface layers of vertically uniform temperature, salinity, and density have substantially different characteristics. By examining differences between IPLD, ITLD, and IHLD, we determine the annual evolution of temperature or salinity or both temperature and salinity vertical gradients responsible for the observed MLD. We find ITLD determines MLD for 63% and IHLD for 14% of the global ocean. The remaining 23% of the ocean has both ITLD and IHLD nearly identical. It is found that temperature tends to control MLD where surface heat fluxes are large and precipitation is small. Conversely, salinity controls MLD where precipitation is large and surface heat fluxes are small. In the tropical ocean, salinity controls MLD where surface heat fluxes can be moderate but precipitation is very large and dominant