DIFFERENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MOXIFLOXACIN AND CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE IN BULK AND COMBINED DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop rapid, accurate, reproducible, validated and economical difference spectroscopy method for the simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin (MFN) and cefixime (CEF) in tablet dosage forms.Methods: The method comprised the measurement of the absorbance of a solution of the tablet extract in 0.1 M NaOH relative to that of an equimolar solution in 0.1 M HC1 at 254 nm for MFN and 292 nm for CEF. The presence of identical isosbestic points for pure drug solutions and tablet extracts indicated the non-interference of excipients in the absorption at these wavelengths.Results: The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml for CEF and 4-20 μg/ml for MFN. Accuracy was found to be in the range of 99.91-101.18%. Relative standard deviation for precision and intermediate precision was found to be less than 2%. The developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of Moxifloxacin and Cefixime in tablet formulation. The results obtained from the validation experiments prove that the developed method is suitable for routine analysis.Conclusion: This method is simple, selective, linear, precise, and accurate and sensitive hence can be successfully employed for the routine quality control of dosage forms containing both the drugs in pharmaceutical industries.Â

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PIOGLITAZONE AND METFORMIN IN BULK AND FIXED DOSAGE FORMS BY AREA UNDER CURVE AND DUAL WAVELENGTH MODE

Objective: Two simple, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) in bulk and tablet dosage forms. Methods: (1) Area under curve method (Area calculation): The proposed area under the curve method involves measurement of area at selected wavelength ranges. Two wavelength ranges were selected 228-238 nm and 265-275 nm for estimation of MET and PIO respectively. (2) Dual wavelength method: In the dual-wavelength method, two wavelengths were selected for each drug in a way so that the difference in absorbance is zero for another drug. PIO shows equal absorbance at 235 and 266 nm, where the difference in absorbance was measured for determination of MET. Similarly, the difference in absorbance at 216 and 241.5 nm was measured for determination of MET. Results: Linearity range for MET and PIO is 2-10 μg/ml and 10-50 μg/ml at respective selected wavelengths. Accuracy and precision studies were carried out, and results were satisfactory. The proposed methods have been validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the estimation of MET and PIO in their combined tablet dosage form. Conclusion: The developed methods are simple, precise, rugged and economical. The utility of the methods has been demonstrated by analysis of commercially available formulations. Keywords: Metformin, Pioglitazone, Area under curve method, Dual wavelength metho

Successful management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by H1N1 viral pneumonia using early institution of extra corporeal membrane oxygenation therapy

Swine flu is H1N1 influenza A virus infection that has serious consequences in susceptible individuals leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sometimes ARDS can be refractory to conventional management and ventilator strategies. In such patients Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) improves respiratory functions wherein the gas exchange is done via a membrane oxygenator and a pump. We report a case of 50 years old female presented in February 2016 with complaints of fever, headache, dry cough, rhinorrhea and difficulty in breathing for four days. Her throat swab showed positive report for H1N1 infection. She developed severe ARDS due to pneumonia caused by H1N1 influenza infection. Her paO2/FiO2 was less than 100. The patient did not respond to initial management with anti- influenza therapy and mechanical ventilation. Murray score was calculated to institute ECMO therapy. Murray score of our patient was 2.75. Since there was no co- morbid illness or irreversible lung disease, ECMO therapy was started. After 14 days of ECMO therapy, ARDS resolved and the patient was successfully weaned from the ventilator. Patient was monitored intensively for coagulopathies and other complications related to ECMO therapy. She developed hemothorax and critical illness neuropathy during ECMO therapy. ECMO is a salvage therapy that has the potential to save lives when conventional treatment fails in H1N1 associated ARDS. It not only ensures much needed lung protection to the inflamed lung but also provides better hemodynamic stability. Early institution of ECMO along with ultra-protective ventilation of lung and timed weaning is the key to successful management of severe ARDS due to swine flu. There are very few case reports of successful ECMO therapy in H1N1 associated ARDS available from Delhi.

Management of Upapluta Yonivyapad (Vulvovaginitis) during Pregnancy - A Case Study

Pregnant women commonly develop increased vaginal discharge, which in many instances is not pathological. Pregnancy is associated with specific anatomical, physiological and immunological changes that can predispose to infection and also alter the response to the disease process. Infections in pregnancy demands prompt adequate and careful management. Vulvovaginitis during pregnancy may be considered under the umbrella of Upapluta Yonivyapad. Pregnant women are more prone to vulvovaginitis which is a great challenge for obstetricians today. In Ayurveda, Upapluta Yonivyapad described by Acharaya Charaka, Sharangadhara and both Vagbhata can be compared to vulvovaginitis during pregnancy. Here Panchawalkala Kwatha Prakshalna followed by Jatyadi Taila Pichu externally and Tab Leukol internally has been used to correct Garbhini Upapluta

Correction of Anovulation one of the major cause of Vandhyatva - A Case Study

Anovulation is the failure to produce a mature ovum by ovary. Anovulatory factor is an important subset in infertility among women accounting about 40% of cases. In such patients ovulation induction is a rescuer. Infertility brings marital disharmony, social rejection which results in anxiety and disappointment. In Ayurveda, Vandhyatva is a Vata Dosha Pradhana Vyadi and Ovulation is under the control of Vata especially Apana Vata. Here Phalaghrita and Pushpadhanwa Rasa has been used to correct the anovulation. In this present article patient’s anovulation treated successfully

Preparation & Characterization of Dimethylformamidyl Substituted Titanium( IV) Compounds

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Portal biliopathy

In patients with portal hypertension, particularly with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, portal biliopathy producing biliary ductal and gallbladder wall abnormalities are common. Portal cavernoma formation, choledochal varices and ischemic injury of the bile duct have been implicated as causes of these morphological alterations. While a majority of the patients are asymptomatic, some present with a raised alkaline phosphatase level, abdominal pain, fever and cholangitis. Choledocholithiasis may develop as a complication and manifest as obstructive jaundice with or without cholangitis. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction can effectively treat cholangitis when jaundice is associated with common bile duct stone(s). Definitive decompressive shunt surgery is sometimes required when biliary obstruction is recurrent and progressive

Plumbagin inhibits invasion and migration of breast and gastric cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increasing evidence indicates that the interaction between the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXCL12 is critical in the process of metastasis that accounts for more than 90% of cancer-related deaths. Thus, novel agents that can downregulate the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis have therapeutic potential in inhibiting cancer metastasis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this report, we investigated the potential of an agent, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone), for its ability to modulate CXCR4 expression and function in various tumor cells using Western blot analysis, DNA binding assay, transient transfection, real time PCR analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and cellular migration and invasion assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that plumbagin downregulated the expression of CXCR4 in breast cancer cells irrespective of their HER2 status. The decrease in CXCR4 expression induced by plumbagin was not cell type-specific as the inhibition also occurred in gastric, lung, renal, oral, and hepatocellular tumor cell lines. Neither proteasome inhibition nor lysosomal stabilization had any effect on plumbagin-induced decrease in CXCR4 expression. Detailed study of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) revealed that the regulation of the downregulation of CXCR4 was at the transcriptional level, as indicated by downregulation of mRNA expression, inhibition of NF-κB activation, and suppression of chromatin immunoprecipitation activity. In addition, using a virtual, predictive, functional proteomics-based tumor pathway platform, we tested the hypothesis that NF-κB inhibition by plumbagin causes the decrease in CXCR4 and other metastatic genes. Suppression of CXCR4 expression by plumbagin was found to correlate with the inhibition of CXCL12-induced migration and invasion of both breast and gastric cancer cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Overall, our results indicate, for the first time, that plumbagin is a novel blocker of CXCR4 expression and thus has the potential to suppress metastasis of cancer.</p

The burden of unintentional drowning : global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Background Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.Peer reviewe

The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

__Background:__ Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. __Methods:__ Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. __Results:__ Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. __Conclusions:__ There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries