Economics of advanced carp fingerling rearing enterprise in Orissa

The Present study was undertaken to analyse the economics of fry to advanced fingerling rearing in Cuttack District of Oriss

Cycloaddition reactions of 1-benzopyran-4-ones

968-98

Benzopyrans: Part 36-A simple synthesis of 3-hydroxymethylchromone

267-26

Benzopyrans: Part 39–2-Amino-3- iminomethyl-l-benzopyran-4-ones do not function as heterodienes

387- 39

Schur Polynomials Do Not Have Small Formulas If the Determinant Doesn\u27t

Schur Polynomials are families of symmetric polynomials that have been classically studied in Combinatorics and Algebra alike. They play a central role in the study of Symmetric functions, in Representation theory [Stanley, 1999], in Schubert calculus [Ledoux and Malham, 2010] as well as in Enumerative combinatorics [Gasharov, 1996; Stanley, 1984; Stanley, 1999]. In recent years, they have also shown up in various incarnations in Computer Science, e.g, Quantum computation [Hallgren et al., 2000; Ryan O\u27Donnell and John Wright, 2015] and Geometric complexity theory [Ikenmeyer and Panova, 2017]. However, unlike some other families of symmetric polynomials like the Elementary Symmetric polynomials, the Power Symmetric polynomials and the Complete Homogeneous Symmetric polynomials, the computational complexity of syntactically computing Schur polynomials has not been studied much. In particular, it is not known whether Schur polynomials can be computed efficiently by algebraic formulas. In this work, we address this question, and show that unless every polynomial with a small algebraic branching program (ABP) has a small algebraic formula, there are Schur polynomials that cannot be computed by algebraic formula of polynomial size. In other words, unless the algebraic complexity class VBP is equal to the complexity class VF, there exist Schur polynomials which do not have polynomial size algebraic formulas. As a consequence of our proof, we also show that computing the determinant of certain generalized Vandermonde matrices is essentially as hard as computing the general symbolic determinant. To the best of our knowledge, these are one of the first hardness results of this kind for families of polynomials which are not multilinear. A key ingredient of our proof is the study of composition of well behaved algebraically independent polynomials with a homogeneous polynomial, and might be of independent interest

Serological and molecular approaches for leptospirosis at a tertiary care centre in northern India

Background: Aims and objectives of the study was to determine prevalence rate of leptospirosis and recognition of common epidemiological situation and clinical manifestations of leptospirosis in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin at a tertiary care centre.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study. The duration of study was from August 2015 to July 2016. Patients with clinical symptoms of pyrexia of unknown origin attending Gandhi Memorial and Associated Hospital, King George’s Medical University Lucknow during the study period were enrolled in this study. We performed the IgM ELISA and PCR for the leptospirosis at our centre and for the Micro Agglutination Test (MAT), we sent the serum samples to regional medical research centre Department of Health Research Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India Port Blair.Results: A Total of 104 symptomatic patients were recruited. Of total, IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were positive in 25 patients, PCR in 20 patients and MAT shows significant titres in 3 samples. The ROC curve analysis revealed significant diagnostic accuracy of IgM ELISA with 100.00% sensitivity and 78.22% specificity however showed less positive predictive value (12.0%) but high negative predictive value (100.0%). Most common presentation were fever, jaundice and rashes (40.4%) followed by fever and jaundice (29.8%).Conclusions: Leptospirosis IgM ELISA and PCR showed good detection accuracy. Age, sex, occupation is not significantly associated to the leptospirosis

Impacts of Climate Change on Plant-Herbivore-Natural Enemy Interactions

Over the last century, the global climate has been changing rapidly. Numerous anthropogenic activities have caused an unprecedented increase in the concentrations of atmospheric CO2 with other gases which consequently resulted in increased temperature and altered precipitation. In agriculture ecosystem, insect population dynamics are regulated by top-down forces i.e. predators and parasitoids feed on them and bottom-up forces where host plants regulate herbivore population. Climate change may directly affect all the organism in the trophic system at the same time changes in the first trophic level may subsequently bring changes in the following trophic levels which may further have implications on ecosystem services. Understanding of the way climate change factors may affect tri-trophic interactions may help farmers to adopt future pest management strategies. This review focuses on direct and mediated effects of climate change on plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions as well as provides some suggestions for future research direction on predicting adverse effects of climate change on tri-trophic interactions. Keywords: global warming, carbon di oxide, temperature, Ozone, predator, parasitoi