The Present study was undertaken to analyse the economics of fry to advanced fingerling rearing in Cuttack District of Oriss

Behera, Bijay Kumar

Misra, Chandra Kanta

Sathiadhas, R

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roceed- 9 National Conference. on .. Fib · w:4' • , 's enes LJCOnOIDlCS, ~xtension and Managemen,t January 5 & 6,2000 Editors K~ SATUIADHAS K.VENKATESHll N 11 ECONOMICS OF ADVANCED CARP FINGERLING REARING ENTERPRISE IN ORISSA Bijay Kumar Behera, Chandra Kanta Misra and R. Sathiadhas Centra/Institute of Fisheries Educa/ion(Deemed University.ICARj. 7 Bunga/ows, Versova, Mumbai 400061. Abstract The Pl'eSl)nt :iwdy was undertaken 10 anaJiysc the coon mtc$ of fry 10 ,rwlVIlIlCCd ling~rh!l.g rearm!: in Cutl2i.cJ: District of Orissa. An attempt was made to study the costs and earnings from the advanced fingerling rearing ponds with higher· stocking den~fty for' longer ~lIriog perioo, The varIation ob 'med 10 ,piOdliCliol\ and, retUm~ are discus~ in relation to the inputs and management practices employed. The operational cost structure revealed that feeding expenses accounts more than 55% of the total cost of production. The percentage of net return over operational cost in all the ponds ranges between 60 - 63%. Some key issues relating to technical and economic aspects are also discussed. Introduction The carp culture has developed tremendously as a commercial enterprise in India. Generally for carp culture, the fanners prefer advanced fingerling or young fish for stocking in their grow-out ponds, because of its easiness to culture low mortality rate, smaller duration for culture, etc. (Srivastava 1985). Hence, many carp seed producers are showing interest to produce such advanced fingerling or young fish with an objective of more profit from the ponds with size intermediate between rearing and growout ponds. Some of the seed fanns in Orissa are producing the advanced fingerling or young fish to meet the ever increasing demands for it. This paper highlights the economic validity of rearing of fry to advanced fingerling for eleven months along with the details of operational and profitability. Material and Methods Cuttack a district in the State of Orissa, where there is a steady demand for freshwater fish and where freshwater fish culture is popular and lucrative, was selected for the study. Baramba block of this district, which accounts 400 fish fanners, was purposely selected. This block has 378 ponds under fish culture practices belonging to, Revenue Department, Gram Panchayat and FFDA beneficiaries. The estimated annual ~1l 1 96 ;k th lts ~ in India. ~ fish for :ality rate, ducers are )jective of :mt ponds. mg fish to validity of details of iemand for {as selected Lfffiers, was requirement in this block is nearly 20 lakhs. Keeping all the above facts in view, three ponds (with details as shown in Table 1) were randomly selected from -this block. At the beginning of the culture practice, the weed eradication was done manually from all the ponds. The unwanted fishes were eradicated by repeated netting of the ponds. Then, fish toxicants Mohua Oil Cake at the rate of 200 ppm was applied to kill the left over unwanted fishes. After two weeks of eradication of unwanted fishes, the lime at the rate of 250 kglha was applied in three equal instalments to help mineralisation of organic matter and for prophylactic reasons in all the ponds. The pond fertilization was made by organic manure (cattle dung) at the rate of 1500 kglha in four equal instalments. Inorganic fertilizers like Urea at the rate of 100 kglha and SSP at the rate of 100 kg/ha were applied in three equal instalments during the rearing practice. After 3-4 days of manuring the ponds, aquatic insects were seen and were killed by spraying. soap oil emulsions in the surface water at the rate of 18 kg soap: 56 kg oil/ha during still weather in all the ponds. After the testing of complete detoxification, 25-30 rom sized fries of (Catla, Rohu and Mrigal collected from different sources were stocked in various combinations as shown in the Table 1 at density of 4 lakhslha. The fish fry's were fed , ·th powdered groundnut oil cake and rice polish in 1: 1 ratio at the rate of 1 % of the tiady weight and this rate was increased to at the rate of 2% of the body weight in the Inal month of rearing. The rearing of these fingerlings was done for eleven months from f\ugust to June. Then, the advanced fingerlings or young fishes of size 1 00-150mm were arvested and sold to local private fish farmers. The various informations and data on ~.":Illl!\eTI~ti·onal costs and their returns were collected from the farmers during the eleven study period (August 1998 to June 1999) and are presented in Table 2. Results and Discussion The analysis of costs and returns from three fingerling-rearing units (Table 2) throw light on the economic efficiency of the enterprise. The stocking density (at of 4 lakhs frylha) in the ponds is higher compared to the normal rates of 2 lakhs . Mor.eover~ the fry to advanced fingeding rearing period is .a1so extended upto n\onths instead of three months of usual rearing. These seeds are purchased from 97 the Govt. Carp seed hatcheries of Orissa. The survival rate is low almost in all the three ponds i.e. about SO-60% and the growth rate is being reduced due to high stocking density. The cost of production in the pond-A, pond-B and pond-C are RB.62777/-, RB.89502/- and RB.l07571/- respectively. It has been observed that the cost of production is lesser in large sized ponds compared to smaller ponds. The cost of production also depends on the stocking, harvesting, feeding and fertilization of the pond. Feeding practices account more than 50% of total cost of production in many culture practices (RabanaI and Shang, 1979; Shang, 1981; Wattanuchariya and Panayoton, 1982). The experiences of carp and rnilkfish culture in various countries indicate that fertilization and feeding increase the carrying capacity and consequently, the production increases many times (Shang, 1982). The present study revealed that the cost of feed for rearing the fry to advanced fingerling is almost 55% of the total operational cost. Owing to high demand, the advanced fingerling of ISO mm size were sold with a good price of RB.3/- per advanced fingerling. The returns that were obtained from the pond-A, pond-B and pond-C are RB.l 00, 800/-, RB.l46,280/- and RB.l74,960/-, respectively. Hence, the net returns obtained from the pond-A, pond-B and pond-C are RB.38, 023/-, RB.S6, 777/- and RB.67, 389/- respectively. Ranadhir et al. (1988) stated that the percentage of rate of return on capital is 33.2% in case of carp fingerling rearing for 3 months with normal stocking density. Bhoumik (1990) indicated that the percentage of return on variable cost is 33.3% under similar rearing conditions of carp fingerlings. The economics of poly culture of Indian and exotic carp implies that the percentage of return is 58.3% (Sinha, 1990). It has been observed that the percentage of profit in carp fingerlings rearing is up to 70% (Sivashankaran et al., 1995). The present study shows that the percentage of net return for rearing of advanced fmgerlings in all the ponds ranges between 60-63%, though the survival rate is very low. Sivashankaran et al. (1995) also opined that, the rearing of the carp fingerlings gives better percentage of profit and these rearing practices has higheE rate of profit compared to fish production and other allied activities which confirms the findings of the present study. Conclusion The study indicated that the rearing of carp fry to advanced fingerling with hi stocking density for longer rearing period is more profitable compared to fish productio : • 98 the three stocking 5.62777/-, ,roduction ction also Feeding ; practices 982). The zation and ases many ~ the fry to h demand, Rs.3/- per and pond-net returns and Rs.67, ,f return on al stocking .ble cost is polyculture :i, 1990). It up to 70% ::t return for though the aring of the ; has higher and other allied activities besides providing gainful employment. It i§ also fOWld that the advanced fingerlings reared in high stocking density give better survivability and growtb in the growout system which is fanner friendly. It is recommended that the potential demand for a.dvanced carp fingerlings of the region houJd be assessed and sufficient nwnber of Wlits should be started to maintain the growth of this industry. There is an urgent need for standardisation of proper stocking density and proper management techniques to rear the fry to advanced fingerling for a longer period to achieve more survivability and profitability. TABLE 1. Details of advanced carp fingerling rearing ponds Pond·A Pond·B Pond-C Location BarambaJ!arh ' Gopamathura , Jhlijia Area 0.15 ha 0.23 ha 0.27 ha I IXpth 2 mts. 2 mts 2 mts , Soil ~ Black Deep black Black Soil pH 7.8 7.1 8.2 WaterpH 7.5 7.2 7.9 Seed source 1 Govt. Fish seed farm, Govt. Fish seed project, Govt. Fish seed fllrm. ,I, Kausalyaganga Sararnanga Kausalyaganga ,ISpecies stocked Rohu, Catla, Rohu,Catla, Mrigal , Rohu,Catla, Mrigal Mrigal Species ratio 30:40:30 40:40:20 35 :40:25 Manure used Cattledung + urea + SSP Cattledung + urea + SSP CattJedung + urea + SSP Numbetstocked 60000 92000 108000 I'<irC4l)tsurviYal 56% 53% 54% ; 99 TABLE 2. Operational costs and earnings of advanced Carp fingerling rearing ponds A. INPUTS Itak. Pond A Pond B rondC (Rs-/unit) (in Rs) (in Rs) (m Rs) For manual clearance of aquatic weeds - 300 400 500 : For eradication of unwanted fish by netting . 400 500 SOO For killil!& of unwanted fish by Mohua oil cake @ 200 Pllm 2I\cg 1200 1840 2160 Lime @ 250 kglh_a 2lkg 150 I 230 270 Fertilizers Organic @ 1500kglha 0.2I\cg 90 138 162 (cattle dung) Inorganic Urea Slkg 75 US 115 @ lookglha each SSP 3lkg 4S 69 81 For killing of Soap @ 18kglha 30lkg 81 1 2~ 146 insects Oil @ 56litreJha 10llitre g4 128 151 Cost offiy 60/1000 I 3600 SS20 6480 nos Cost of transportation . 2000 3000 3000 Cost of feed Rice polish 2I\cg 40482 51764 61555 GNOC 8lkg , Harvesting charges -3000 3500 3500 Wages for labor -7000 8000 12000 Miscellaneous expenses e.g. tray, tub, net, hapa etc. - 2000 2500 3000 , Interesi on working capital @ 15% annually 8188 11674 14031 Total 62771 89.~02 107571 B. RETURN Particulars Pond-A Pond-B Pond-C Total income from the sale of the advanced fingerlings @ Rs 100800 Rs 146280 Rs 174960 Rs 3/- per advanced fmgerling . C. NET PROFIT (B-A) Particulars Pond-A Pond-B Pond-C Profit Rs 38023 Rs 56777 Rs 67389 % of profit over operational cost 60.56% 63.43% 62.64% 100 ling )0 )0 60 70 52 S55 ;00 References Bhoumik, U. 1990. Carp seed raising technology. TechnolQgies fIJr inland fisheries devel\IPment pp. 37-46. Rabanal, H.R. and Y.c. Shang 1979,Theeconomics 0 variOus l1WI1~melit ~hnlqves for pond culture of finfish . In: T.V.R.Pillay and W D. DIlt{Eds.}. Adywe~ in AqU1IoCull!ll'!l. Fisbil1g News BooklUd., Farnham, Engaland, pp. 224-236. Ranadhir, M., S.D. Gupta and P. V.GK Reddy 1988. Economics of carp seed production. (Proceedings of workshop on carp seed production technology). Special publication no.2. Asian Fishs,ries SR£ietv (lDdian Branch) pp.82-86. Shang, Y.C. 1981. Alll$u!!Ure 'moml" ~ BMW concepts and melhods of AnalYSis. West view Press, Inc. Colorado, pp.143 . SIwIg, Y.C. 19t2 Mieroe«Jnomic an.l~is of c~ri:ll'ltntal AqulIClll!Urt projOCts; Basic concepts III1d deftnilioD. In: Aquaculture c,wnOFDig Resc;arch In NiIJ International Development Research Center, Ottawa, pp.6 1-64. Sivasankaran, N., P., Narayan Reddy, D. Ravindra Kumar Reddy 1995. Commercial success of fish seed rearing farms in Tungabhadra command area, Raichur District, Karnataka State. Fishing Chimes, 15(8): 34-36. Srivastava, U.K. 1985. Seed users and their purchase behavior. In: Inland fish marketlne ,in l!!dl, - Fish seed Produi.,'otion IIIld' marketing. Vo1.2. Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp.70-96. WattJillllthariyfl, . and • PanaYOlon 1?82 The tCOllornits of Aquulllt1iIfe, The case of catfish in Th'll IMd. In ; Aqu iKtlllu~ eoofWmie.~ R.cst'.atcb in A$i~.Jnternational Development Research Center, Ottawa, pp. 15-22. 

Economics of advanced carp fingerling rearing enterprise in Orissa

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Economics of advanced carp fingerling rearing enterprise in Orissa

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