Study on normal and infection response after splenectomy for trauma

AIMS & OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the total count and platelet count (PC) / total count ratio in patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma and their response in the infected individuals. 2. To study the association of the three risk factors i.e. total count, PC/ total count ratio and Injury Severity Score in those individuals who have underwent splenectomy for trauma and their role in post operative infection. BACKGROUND DATA: Spleen is the most common organ involved in injuries to abdomen. It is very challenging for practitioners to identify infections in the immediate post-operative period after splenectomy because there is an unusual physiologic response to total count and platelet count. In view of these diagnostic issues, this dissertation has been chosen. METHODOLOGY: 50 patients who have undergone splenectomy for trauma in Rajiv Gandhi Government General hospital from December 2013 to August 2014 were studied. Patients who have undergone splenectomy for reasons other than trauma were excluded from the study. Various parameters were analyzed i.e. age, sex, injury severity score, total count, platelet count, platelet count/ total count ratio, presence of infection, nature of infection, mortality and duration of stay in the hospital. RESULTS: The following are the results of the study • Injury severity score is a significant risk factor. • Post operative day 5 TC more than 15000 indicates infection. • PC/TC ratio < 20 on the 5th post operative day indicates infection. • Beyond the first week this ratio becomes insignificant. • Presence of more than 1 risk factor is associated with 83% chance of infection. CONCLUSION: Post operative day 5 is the earliest time that infected and non infected patients can be distinguished on the basis of total count and PC/TC ratio. Risk factors for infection: Total count , PC/TC ratio , ISS > 16. • Presence of more than one risk factor should prompt clinicians to suspect infection

A review on energy and cost effective phase separated pretreatment of biosolids

Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) existent in anaerobic sludge proves to be a barrier for sludge liquefaction and biomass lysis efficiency. Hence EPS deaggregation heightens the surface area for the subsequent pretreatment thereby uplifting the sludge disintegration and biomethanation rate. This review documents the role of EPS and its components which inhibits sludge hydrolysis and also the various phase separated pretreatment methods available with its disintegration mechanism to enhance the biomass lysis and methane production rate. It also illustrates the effects of phase separated pretreatment on the sludge disintegration rate which embodies two phases-floc disruption and cell lysis accompanied by their computation through biomethane potential assay and fermentation analysis comprehensively. Additionally, energy balance study and cost analysis requisite for successful implementation of a proposed phase separated pretreatment on a pilot scale level and their challenges are also reviewed. Overall this paper documents the potency of phase separated pretreatment for full scale approach.publishedVersio

Environmental Factor and their Impact on the Abundance of Aquatic Plants in Iraq

Aquatic plants form important gatherings because they play an Important role in supporting healthy environmental systems and various human activities. As well as its geomorphological role in the formation of riverine landforms such as ridges and river Islands. The abundance and distribution of aquatic plants in different ecosystems depends on the environmental conditions, whether biotic or abiotic. In addition to the growth and diversity of different plants and also the dominance of one species in an area or the joint growth of several species, the emergence of species in a particular location is due to the different regional and local conditions of that system or location. The most influential factors in the growth and variation of plant species and their distribution in different aquatic systems are water movement, nutrients and the bottom of that system. Also, other physical factors such as light, temperature, and chemical factors such as salinity, dissolved gases, and pH which have independent or overlapping effects on the distribution, diversity, and production of plants

Abundance, Distribution and Diversity of Seagrass Species in Lagoonal Reefs on the Kenyan Coast

The study described the diversity of Seagrasses, measuring the canopy height and relative abundance in Diani, Nyali, Kanamai and Vipingo seagrass meadows along the Kenyan Coast. Using a 1 m2 quadrats along a predetermine line transect, the percentage cover and the species density of Seagrasses were measured respectively to compare the diversity of the observed species between the study sites. The canopy height associated was also documented at each study site. The data collected was subjected to Shannon - Weiner Diversity Index to determine the species density and ANOVA for variation. The index provides more information about community composition by taking into account the relative abundances and evenness of different species. Data was collected from December, 2013 to January, 2014. There was a significant difference in seagrass abundance and canopy height between the four study sites. Kanamai had higher abundance while Nyali recorded high species diversity (p&lt;0.05). T. ciliatum recorded high canopy height and was connected to its higher productivity. It was concluded that Seagrasses species abundance and diversity showed spatial variation within and between the study sites and that levels of protection affect herbivore rates thus higher abundance in unprotected site. The work recommends further research should specifically target the source of changes in seagrass abundance and distribution between the study sites through time, and determine if any other stressors (nutrients, epiphytes, etc.) contributed to the loss of seagrass habitat in these sites

Hydrodynamics of external turret moored FPSO system

27-34The dynamic behavior of a 1:100 scale model of 140000 DWT turret moored FPSO system for three operating conditions, i.e., 40 % DWT, 70 % DWT and 100 % DWT with three hawser lengths, i.e., 15 %, 20 % and 25 % of the length of FPSO is discussed in this paper. The model tests were conducted in the 2 m wide wave flume under regular waves for the wave frequencies ranging from 0.55 Hz to 1.25 Hz in steps of 0.04 Hz at a water depth of 1 m for head sea condition. The motion response was measured using rotary type potentiometers. The mooring and hawser line forces were measured using specially fabricated ring type load cells. The test results of the forces and motion response were analyzed for the three hawser lengths at three operating conditions. From the analysis of the results, it is found that the tension in the forward mooring line is more than the tension in the aft mooring line for all loading conditions and hawser lengths. It is also observed that the tension of the forward mooring line decreases with increase in hawser length. The mooring tension is maximum for all hawser lengths at the full load condition

Joy Infused Theatre

Abstract:Joy-infused Theatre By Princess Kannah Buddha once said, "There is no path to happiness; happiness is the path." Scientific studies find that "positive experiences or stimuli reinforce similar behavior in the future. While negative emotions often prompt specific and immediate responses to aid an individual's survival."(Aknin,2021) Positive experiences and stimuli might be the key to fixing many problems that can arise in educational spaces. As Buddha said, it is the path. This paper examines the current theatre acting classroom and rehearsal space model. It calls into question the underlying problems in both models and calls for them to be addressed, analyzed, and changed. This paper argues that a radical joy approach, one that prioritizes boundaries and centers around joy and embodiment alongside the current model, will correct the pitfalls of the current models. With a different approach in the rehearsal room and classroom, spaces that prioritize safety and promote healthy alternatives to acting can be created. An alternative model based on radical joy dismantles the current theatre acting classroom and rehearsal space hierarchies and calls into question the harm that the current model is inflicting

Developing Text Mining Techniques for Privacy Preserving

N/