Nanoparticle shape and thermal radiation on Marangoni Water, Ethylene Glycol and Engine Oil Based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between particle shape and radiation effects on Marangoni boundary layer flow and heat transfer of water, ethylene glycol and engine oil based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs. There are three types of nanoparticle shapes are considered in this research such as sphere, cylinder and lamina. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformation which is solved using shooting technique in conjunction with Newton’s method and Runge Kutta algorithm. Temperature profiles are graphically and tabularly provided for the effects of solid volume fraction parameter, radiation parameter and empirical shape factor. The result shows that solid volume fraction and radiation energy gives a good impact on thermal boundary layer. Sphere nanoparticle shape predicts a better result on heat transfer rather than other nanoparticle shapes

Thermal and solutal stratification on MHD nanofluid flow over a porous vertical plate

Nanoparticles have the highest credibility to develop the thermal properties compared to conventional particle fluid suspension. Thermal and solutal stratification on heat and mass transfer induced due to a nanofluid over a porous vertical plate is analyzed. The transport equations engaged in the study include the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis particle deposition. The nonlinear governing equations and their related boundary conditions are initially looked into dimensionless forms by similarity variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically utilizing the fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique (MAPLE 18). It is investigated that the temperature of the nanofluid and the concentration fraction decelerate with increase in thermal and solutal stratificatio

Eye-Tracking Attentional Deployment: Emotion Regulation and Processing Visual Information in University Students

Attentional deployment is an emotion regulation strategy in which individuals redirect their attentional focus to change their emotional experience (Gross, 2013). At the present time, there is no standardized method of measuring attentional deployment. Some studies have adapted the use of eye-tracking to measure visual attentional deployment while viewing still images (Bebko et al., 2011; Wirth et al., 2018). The present research used novel methodology, in two studies, to operationally define attentional deployment and work toward a standardized measurement tool for attentional deployment (via eye-tracking). This research explores attentional deployment in relation to other emotion regulations strategies, how symptoms of disordered attention, as seen in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), relate to use of emotion regulation strategies, and explores emotion appraisal in attentional deployment. Participants in both studies were undergraduate students at a medium-sized, ethnically diverse, university in southwestern Ontario. Two separate studies were conducted with identical methodology, apart from the the eye-tracking task. The emotionally charged stimuli presented during the eye-tracking task were either realistic video clips of people or a video clip of moving shapes, often interpreted as a negative interaction. In Study 1 (N = 89), participants were shown five randomized clips from the motion picture, “The Perks of Being a Wallflower” (Halfon, Smith, Malkovich, & Chbosky, 2012) and rated each clip as evoking positive or negative emotions. Three clips were used for analyses. One clip was rated by all participants as evoking negative emotions, and another clip was rated by all participants as evoking positive emotions; the third clip was ambiguous (i.e., 44 participants rated the clip as positive and 45 rated it as negative). In Study 2 (N = 98), participants viewed Heider and Simmel’s (1944) short film of moving shapes, often anthropomorphized and interpreted as a negative interaction (Klin, 2000). Participants’ ADHD symptoms, self-reported impulsivity, behavioural impulsivity, and emotion regulation strategies were also collected for both studies. Participants demonstrated greater attentional deployment (attention directed away from evocative areas in the video clip) when viewing the negative clip than the ambiguous clip, and the least attentional deployment when viewing the positive clip. Average pupil diameter was largest during the negative clip, smaller for the positive clip, and smallest for the ambiguous clip. Greater attentional deployment in the positive clip and the ambiguously evocative clip predicted greater use of cognitive reappraisal strategies and greater use of expressive suppression strategies, respectively. As well, participants in Study 1 with higher self-reported ADHD symptoms (and higher impulsivity) reported using less cognitive reappraisal strategies than participants with lower self-reported ADHD symptoms. However, this result was not replicated in Study 2. A post-hoc analysis showed that participants in Study 2 endorsed much higher levels of impulsivity (i.e., in the clinical range) than did participants in Study 1. Findings highlight the potential for using eye-tracking as a standardized research tool to measure visual attentional deployment. The results also suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the processes of attentional deployment, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression such that different valence stimuli elicit different types of emotion regulation responses. In addition, greater attentional deployment away from evocative areas of the stimuli occurred when viewing video clips evoking negative emotions rather than positive emotions and this was consistently demonstrated for both video clips of people and the video of moving shapes, highlighting the importance of participants’ emotional appraisal of events for the process of emotion regulation

Study on the Behavior of Cold-formed Steel Angle Tension Members

Cold-formed steel tension members with bolted end connections are frequently used in a variety of structures such as trusses, transmission towers etc. Among all the shapes, angles are widely used. When angle sections are connected with gusset plates and eccentrically loaded, their ultimate load- carrying capacity is influenced by the effect of shear lag. This paper presents the details of an experimental and numerical investigation with a primary objective of studying the effect of shear lag on cold-formed steel single and double angles subjected to tension. Seventy-two single plain and lipped angles made from thicknesses 2,3 and 4 mm connected to gusset plates at their ends by ordinary black bolts were tested. Forty-eight double angles of 3 and 4 mm thicknesses connected to the opposite side of gusset plate and to the same side of the gusset plate at their ends by black bolts were also tested. All the one hundred and twenty specimens were tested in an Universal Testing machine subjected to eccentric tensile load. From the test results, load vs deflection behaviour and the failure modes were studied. The actual load carried by the specimen was compared with the theoretical load carrying capacity predicted by International codal provisions and with the load carrying capacity predicted by numerical investigation by ANSYS. An empirical equation is proposed to determine the load-carrying capacity of the cold-formed steel angles and the predicted values agree with the experimental results

Homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions of the water based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs on MHD Stagnation-point flow over stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition

An investigation is performed to analyze thehomogeneous–heterogeneous reactions of water based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs on MHD stagnation-point over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition. In this study we employed the refined model of a homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction in boundary layer nanofluid flow with equal diffusivities for reactant and autocatalysis. The governing PDEs in terms of continuity, momentum and concentration are transformed into ODEs and then solved numerically using fourth or fifth order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique. The results show that for the shrinking sheet, the concentration of SWCNTs-water of heterogeneous reaction is stronger as compare with homogeneous reaction. Comparison of the present results with previously published work is given and found in good agreement. Keywords: Stagnation point flow, Nanofluids, Homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction, Shrinking sheet, SWCNTs-water, Slip condition

Impact of Thermal Stratification on Unsteady Hiemenz Non-Darcy Copper Nanofluid Flow over a Porous Wedge in the Presence of Magnetic Field Due to Solar Radiation (Green) Energy

Energy is an important input for economic development. Solar energy is created by light and heat which is emitted by the sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar energy is the most readily and abundantly available source of green energy. Copper nanoparticle suspensions in the Cu-water have been proposed as a means to enhance solar collector efficiency through direct absorption of the incoming solar energy. Thermal stratification is the scientific term that describes the layering of bodies of water based copper nanofluid on their temperature. The aim of the present work is to investigate theoretically the effect of thermal stratification in the presence of magnetic field on unsteady Hiemenz non-Darcy flow and heat transfer of incompressible copper nanofluid along a porous wedge due to renewable (solar energy). It is of notable interest in this work to consider the similarity transformation is used for unsteady flow. Copper nanofluid flow past a porous wedge plays a dominant role on absorbs the incident solar radiation and transits it to the working fluid by convection. Keywords: Nanofluid; Porous wedge; Unsteady non-Darcy flow; Magnetic field; Thermal stratification; Solar energy radiation.

Prevalence of hypothyroidism in first trimester screening and its association with maternal and foetal outcomes

Background: Maternal hypothyroid is one of the common thyroid disorder. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women who are not treated can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and respiratory distress in the newborn. Objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women during first trimester screening and its association with maternal and foetal outcomes. Methods: The present study was a hospital based study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India between January 2021 and January 2023. The study was carried out among the pregnant women in the first trimester visiting the outpatient department of the OBG department during the study period. Based on the thyroid profile obtained, the participants were classified into normal, subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism. They were then followed up to record the maternal and foetal outcome. Results: A total of 2017 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 15.3%. The distribution of type of delivery was found to be different between hypothyroid and normal groups with more number of women underwent Caesarean delivery (18.24%) in the hypothyroid group than those in normal group. The proportion of low birth weight was also statistically higher (45.28%) in the hypothyroid group than in the normal. Similar pattern was observed with birth asphyxia. The APGAR scores recorded were also significantly lower in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group with p value of less than 0.05. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 15.3%. In our study, women with hypothyroidism showed adverse maternal and foetal outcome such as more caesarean deliveries, low birth weight, and poor APGAR scores and were found to be statistically significant when compared to euthyroid women

Lie group analysis for the effect of viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer in the presence of suction/injection

An analysis has been carried out to study heat and mass transfer characteristics of an incompressible and Newtonian fluid having temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition over a vertical stretching surface with variable stream condition. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The vertical surface is assumed to be permeable so as to allow for possible wall suction or injection. The governing differential equations are derived and transformed using Lie group analysis. The transformed equations are solved numerically by applying Runge-Kutta Gill scheme with shooting technique. Favorable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases of the problem are obtained. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for a prescribed temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition parameters are presented graphically to elucidate the influence of the various physical parameters