Upaya Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk pada Balita melalui Penjaringan dan Pelacakan Kasus

Background: A total of 1.506 children in Yogyakarta Special District Province suffered from malnutrition. They resided in Gunung Kidul (531 children), Sleman (287 children), Kotamadya Yogyakarta (225 children) and Kulon Progo (190 children). (Wirobrajan was 6th from 18 sub-districts of most frequent incident of malnutrition in Yogyakarta.)Objective: To assess the implementation of case screening and case finding of the children malnutrition through both of Posyandu (Integreted Care Venue) and Polyclinic at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Methods: A descriptive non-analytic, cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were collected from in-depth interview. As respondents were member of team of poor nutrition prevention program. Research was conducted from December 24th 2007 to January 9th 2008 at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Results: Case screening was conducted trough both of active and passive. Active case screening was conducted every two or three months by all of Posyandu in Wirobrajan area. Pasive case screening was conducted by daily health service setting in Community Health Center and based on health cader report. case screening was performed by collect data of children include name and age, measurement of body weight and height, head circumference, rough and smooth motoric ability. After that, documentation and reporting to goverment was made. WHO-NCHS standard was used as standard of malnutrition measurement. After case screening or case reporting, case finding was performed by home visit. Data collected by using of questioner or direct interview to parent. Anthropometric re-measurement can be performed as needed refer to community health center or to the hospital if there is enclosing desease and make dokumentation. This activity is convenience with Guideline of Malnutrition Management in and Community Health Center Setting

Penerimaan remaja putri terhadap tablet tambah darah di Kota Yogyakarta

Acceptance of adolescent girls on iron tablets in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaBackground: Supplementation of iron tablets is one of the efforts to combat anemia in adolescent girls taken by the government. However, compliance with iron tablet consumption still tends to be low. Objective: This study aims to determine the acceptance of adolescent girls to iron tablets in Yogyakarta. Methods: This study is a sequential explanatory mixed method. The investigation was conducted from January to April 2018. The subjects of the study were girls in junior high and high school of Yogyakarta, as many as 211 people with criteria 12-18 years; FGD/in-depth interview respondents were 32 students, four teachers/UKS officer, two Puskesmas officers, and one health program holder. Results: Of 204 subjects who received iron tablets, only 133 subjects (65.20%) consumed iron tablets, and 71 subjects (34.80%) did not. The organoleptic perception of subjects consisting of flavor, aroma, and color indicates they like iron tablets, but some also do not want them because they smell fishy. Side effects of iron tablets, such as nausea, heartburn, constipation, and dizziness, are the reasons the subject does not consume or spend the iron tablets given. In addition to the encouragement or support of parents, teachers or officers of UKS, and health workers, it is a factor that affects the acceptance of subjects against iron tablets. Conclusion: Factors influencing the acceptance of adolescent girls to iron tablets are a factor in self and factors from outside (parents, teachers, and health workers). Therefore, increasing the consumption of iron tablets requires young women's self-awareness, motivation, and support from various parties to obtain information related to the iron tablet, such as socializatio

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS ANEMIA, TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK, KEBIASAAN SARAPAN DAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Latar Belakang. Depresi pada remaja merupakan pencetus beban penyakit, mengakibatkan kerugian karena kehilangan produktivitas, dan meningkatkan risiko sindrom metabolik saat dewasa. Gangguan mental emosional pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) sebesar 9,5 persen. Zat besi mempunyai peran penting dalam pembentukan perilaku emosional karena perannya sebagai kofaktor sintesis serotonin dan dopamin otak. Selain itu, tingkat aktivitas fisik dan pola makan (kebiasaan sarapan) berkontribusi juga dalam menjaga keseimbangan neurotransmiter tersebut. Defisiensi zat besi merupakan faktor utama penyebab anemia pada remaja putri. Prevalensi anemia remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta mencapai 35,2 persen pada tahun 2012. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status anemia, tingkat aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan sarapan, dan depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 250 remaja putri SMA usia 14-18 tahun di Kota Yoyakarta. Depresi remaja diukur menggunakan Inventori Depresi Remaja (IDR) dan kadar hemoglobin untuk menentukan status anemia. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi square. Hasil. Ada hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan depresi pada remaja putri (RP= 1,52; CI= 1,071-2,162; p<0,05).Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia (RP= 1,7; CI= 0,969-3,034; p>0,05), tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah (RP= 0,9; CI= 0,461-1,809; p>0,05) dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat besi dengan depresi. Namun, terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan depresi pada remaja (RP= 1,52 ; CI=1,071-2,162 ; p=<0,05). Kesimpulan. Kebiasaan sarapan pagi dapat dikaitkan dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri. Walaupun proporsi depresi remaja cukup tinggi dalam penelitian ini, namun hubungannya dengan anemia belum dapat dibuktikan secara signifikan

Antenatal care visit frequency of short stature mother as risk factor of stunting among children aged 6 - 23 months in Indonesia (IFLS 5 Study Analysis)

 ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting adalah gangguan pertumbuhan linear yang saat ini menjadi masalah utama kesehatan anak di negara berkembang yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Berdasarkan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar, prevalensi stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 masih tinggi, yaitu mencapai 30,8%.  Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya stunting adalah tinggi badan ibu yang pendek, dengan prevalensi sebesar 30,5%. Ibu hamil dengan tinggi badan pendek harus memperhatikan kondisi kesehatan selama kehamilan, salah satunya melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan atau antenatal care (ANC) dengan frekuensi pemeriksaan yang sesuai dengan standar. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional yang menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian longitudinal yaitu Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) periode ke-5 yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistic. Uji statistik dilakukan menggunakan software Stata v13.Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa frekuensi ANC ibu dengan tinggi badan pendek memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting dengan nilai p=0,04 (RR=1,29; CI 95%=1,02-1,65). Hasil analisis multivariat frekuensi ANC dengan kejadian stunting yang mengikut sertakan variabel luar didapatkan bahwa BBLR merupakan penyebab terbesar kejadian stunting (OR=1,97; CI 95%=1,06-3,64)Kesimpulan: Frekuensi ANC yang sesuai perlu dilakukan oleh ibu hamil dengan tinggi badan pendek. Hal ini adalah upaya untuk mengoptimalkan status kesehatan, sehingga kejadian BBLR yang merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting tidak terjadi. Diperlukan strategi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan frekuensi kunjungan ANC dengan mempertimbangkan komponen pelayanan.Kata kunci: stunting; ibu dengan tinggi badan pendek; antenatal care; IFLS 5 ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is linear growth retardation that associated with morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia on 2018 is high, 30,8%. One of the factors that influence stunting is short stature mother. Pregnant women with short stature should concern to their health conditions during pregnancy, through antenatal care (ANC) with frequency that are in accordance with the standards.Method: This study was an observational study using the secondary data of the 5th wave Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) on 2014. The design of this study was a retrospective cohort. . Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi square test, while the multivariate analysis used a logistic regression test. All analyses were performed in Stata v13.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that the ANC frequency of short stature mother had a significant relationship with stunting (p=0.04; RR= 1.29; CI 95%= 1.02-1.65). Multivariat analysis showed that low birth weight is the main cause of stunting (OR=1,97; CI 95%=1,06-3,64)Conclusion: ANC visit essential for short height mother to optimize their health status, so low birth weight which is a risk factor for stunting does not occur. Strategies are needed to improve the frequency and components of ANC services Keywords: stunting; short height mother; antenatal care; IFLS

FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA

Latar Belakang. Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi  serius di beberapa negara di dunia, khususnya negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Faktor risiko stunting antara lain tinggi badan ibu, penyakit infeksi dan Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) serta faktor lain seperti konsumsi goitrogenik, kadar iodium garam, dan kadar iodium urin. Iodium merupakan mikronutrien penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan normal. Prevalensi stunting yang tinggi dan status iodium yang tidak diketahui menjadi perhatian penting untuk mengetahui faktor risiko stunting di daerah endemik GAKI. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor risiko stunting di daerah endemik GAKI. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian case control. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar berusia 10-12 tahun  sebanyak 106 orang. Analisis hasil penelitian secara bivariat menggunakan chi square, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil. Rata-rata tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U) anak stunting dan tidak stunting adalah 138,8 cm. Sedangkan rata-rata tinggi badan ibu adalah 148,3 cm yang artinya lebih tinggi dari cut off 145 cm sebagai standar seorang ibu dikatakan pendek/stunting. Analisis bivariat tinggi badan ibu (OR:3,69, CI:1,32-10,32) dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR:11.02, CI:2.38-50,90) merupakan faktor risiko stunting (p<0,05). BBLR bukan merupakan faktor risiko stunting. Hasil analisis multivariate menunjukkan tinggi badan ibu dan riwayat penyakit infeksi merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat memprediksi kejadian stunting sebesar 15 persen, sedangkan 85 persen disebabkan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diamati dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan. Peluang ditemukan anak stunting dari ibu yang pendek (<145 cm) dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (ISPA dan diare) saat balita lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari ibu yang memiliki tinggi badan normal (>145 cm) dan tanpa paparan penyakit ISPA dan diare saat balita di daerah endemik GAKI

Association of Eating Pattern and Nutritional Status with Dyslipidemia Among Adults in Yogyakarta - Indonesia

As 35.9 % Indonesian has cholesterol > 200 mg · dL−1 which higher than 2007 (31.9 %). This study is to investigate the association between eating pattern and nutritional status with dyslipidemia. Cross-sectional study and subjects represent the most populated areas in Yogyakarta, taken in Umbulharjo (urban), Turi and Minggir (rural) by cluster sampling. It is used by interview using food consumption pattern, questionnaire,and measured nutritional status such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat mass, and blood serum. The subject is categorized dyslipidemia if total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is higher than standard. Prevalence dyslipidemia in urban (55.6 %) was higher than rural (44.4 %). From 385 subjects, 195 (50.6 %) had dyslipidemia and 190 (49.4 %) had normal. BMI, percent body fat, and visceral fat were higher on dyslipidemia than normal (24.30 vs. 23.16, 26.73 % vs. 25.84 %, and 8.42 vs. 6.72; P = 0.02, P = 0.31 and P = 0.001, respectively). WC was higher on dyslipidemia than normal (81.66 cm vs. 77 cm on male and 82.49 cm vs. 79.44 cm on the female; P = 0.005 and P = 0.06). Fatty, grilled and processed food, and instant noodle were associated with dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.0001). Mean of fruits and vegetable consumption was lower on dyslipidemia than normal (0.59 vs. 0.63) portions· d−1 and (1.57 vs. 1.61) portions · d−1, respectively). BMI, visceral fat, WC on male, and food consumption pattern are associated with dyslipidemia. For prevention risk of dyslipidemia, we should control nutritional status in the normal category, increase the portion of fruit and vegetable and minimize unhealthy food consumption. Keywords: Adults, Dyslipidemia, Eating pattern, Nutritional status, Yogyakarta

Upaya Penanggulangan Gizi Buruk pada Balita melalui Penjaringan dan Pelacakan Kasus

Background: A total of 1.506 children in Yogyakarta Special District Province suffered from malnutrition. They resided in Gunung Kidul (531 children), Sleman (287 children), Kotamadya Yogyakarta (225 children) and Kulon Progo (190 children). (Wirobrajan was 6th from 18 sub-districts of most frequent incident of malnutrition in Yogyakarta.)Objective: To assess the implementation of case screening and case finding of the children malnutrition through both of Posyandu (Integreted Care Venue) and Polyclinic at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Methods: A descriptive non-analytic, cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were collected from in-depth interview. As respondents were member of team of poor nutrition prevention program. Research was conducted from December 24th 2007 to January 9th 2008 at Wirobrajan Community Health Center, Yogyakarta.Results: Case screening was conducted trough both of active and passive. Active case screening was conducted every two or three months by all of Posyandu in Wirobrajan area. Pasive case screening was conducted by daily health service setting in Community Health Center and based on health cader report. case screening was performed by collect data of children include name and age, measurement of body weight and height, head circumference, rough and smooth motoric ability. After that, documentation and reporting to goverment was made. WHO-NCHS standard was used as standard of malnutrition measurement. After case screening or case reporting, case finding was performed by home visit. Data collected by using of questioner or direct interview to parent. Anthropometric re-measurement can be performed as needed refer to community health center or to the hospital if there is enclosing desease and make dokumentation. This activity is convenience with Guideline of Malnutrition Management in and Community Health Center Setting.Keywords: case screening, case finding, children, malnutrition

Source of energy intake of Papuan and non-Papuan high-school students in Jayapura: their association with risk for overweight/ obesity

Background: The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with many factors, including the consumption pattern of energy-producing food, i.e. carbohydrate and fat, which is, most likely associated with ethnicity. In Riskesdas 2007, Jayapura held the highest prevalence of obesity in adults in Indonesia. Jayapura lived the Papuan and Non-Papuan descents population. Objective: To determine the association between energy intake, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake in overweight/ obesity in Papuan and non-Papuan high-school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 150 Papuan and 150 non-Papuan students from three high schools in the district. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight/obesity and not-overweight/ obesity. Source of energy was estimated using 3 (three) days non-consecutive 24 hours of food recall questionnaire. Energy intake and the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake were analyzed with an independent t-test and Chi-Square test. Results: The prevalence of overweight/ obesity was similar between Papuan and non-Papuan students (22.0 vs. 23.0%). The two groups had a similar amount of energy intake, however, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to the total energy intake was significantly different. Obese/ overweight students had a significantly higher intake of energy, however, within the same ethnic group, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat in obese/ overweight students did not significantly differ. Conclusions: High energy intake was associated with overweight/obesity in both groups. The contribution of carbohydrates to total energy intake was higher in Papuan. However, the contribution of carbohydrate and fat to energy intake was not associated with overweight/ obesity in both groups

Efektivitas minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap hitung jenis leukosit pada atlet sepak bola

Backgrounds: The immune system changing affects the fitness. Exercise induces the immune responses, oxidative stress and tissue damage that alters leukocyte counts. Maltodextrin supplies higher energy reserves, that can improve the immune system profiles. Vitamin C as an antioxidant against tissue damage.Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink on leukocyte differential count after exercise.Method: This study was quasi-experimental with the within-subject design. Subjects were 14 collegiate football players of the State University of Yogyakarta and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were selected with a purposive sampling. Subjects received a combination of 15% maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C beverage, 300 mL. Subjects did wash out for 6 days, then received placebo beverage (300 mL plain water). Subjects drank 30 minutes before and 5 minutes after physical exercise. Exercise loads were yoyo intermittent test and run gradually until 80 HRmaks. Blood samples were taken immediately and 30 minutes after exercise.Results: In the administration of intervention beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise neutrophils increased (p=0,006); lymphocytes decreased (p=0.015); monocytes decreased (p=0.000); and eosinophils decreased (p=0.613). In the administration of placebo beverage, immediately to 30 minutes after exercise, neutrophils increased (p=0.359); lymphocytes decreased (p=0.257); monocytes decreased (p=0.146); and eosinophils increased (p=0.549). Neutrophils (p=0.003) and monocyte (p=0.003) had significant difference between both administration drink at 30 minutes after exercise. Lymphocyte and monocyte significantly decrease (p<0.05) at intervention than placebo.Conclusion: Maltodextrin and vitamin C combination drink effect on the decreasing of lymphocyte and monocyte 30 minutes after exercise