Ecologia do movimento e dinâmica espaço-temporal da onça-pintada (Panthera onca) no Pantanal sul do Brasil

All living things interact with other conspecifics or with other species. The presence of conspecific can influence individual movement patterns and determine individual's space use. The space use emerges from individual movement process, and the decisions for when and where to move are related by habitat selection that enhance the location of resources for increase your fitness to growth, survival and reproduction. Mammals restrict its movements in familiar habitats and this selection can be associated to their circadian rhythm. In carnivores mammals the presence of near conspecifics can also be an important factor in the space use, as an attraction impulse for reproduction or a repulse action to minimize direct interference to get resources. This project aimed to analyze the determining factors in space use by jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Pantanal of Brazil. Conditional logistic regression was applied for adjusted Step Selection Functions (SSF) model to understand how and which factors affect space use. Homing behavior was estimated by selection strength in function for distance from the center of individual home range and habitat selection changing over circadian cycle was estimated by selection strength in function for day hours. The conspecific influence on movement was characterized using a set of data acquired simultaneously from animals tracking and individuals with contiguous home range. In addition, the presence of conspecific responses was estimated by the selection strength of nearest individual for movement at each steps. These results indicate that the space use by organisms is predicted by habitat selection along the circadian cycle, differences in the homing behavior between sexes and by spatial-temporal dynamic ...Todas as espécies vivas interagem entre si ou com outras espécies. A presença dos coespecíficos pode influenciar nos padrões de movimentos e determinar o uso do espaço de cada indivíduo. O uso do espaço emerge do processo de movimento dos indivíduos, sendo que as decisões de quando e para onde mover-se estão relacionadas com a seleção de ambientes que potencializem a localização de recursos e assim, favorecer em seu desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e sucesso reprodutivo. Os mamíferos restringem seus movimentos em habitats familiares e a seleção de habitas pode estar relacionada com as variações dentro do seu ciclo de atividades circadianas. A presença dos coespecíficos também pode desempenhar um fator importante na seleção do uso do espaço em mamíferos carnívoros, gerando respostas de atração em períodos de reprodução ou mesmo a de repulsão, com o propósito de minimizar encontros e diminuir as interferências diretas na obtenção de recursos. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo testar e analisar os fatores determinantes no uso do espaço por onças-pintada (Panthera onca) no Pantanal do Brasil. Nós utilizamos a regressão condicional logística ajustada ao modelo de Step Selection Funcions (SSF) para compreender como e quais fatores afetam o uso do espaço e assim, auxiliar no entendimento das necessidades biológicas e ecológicas para a sobrevivência das espécies. O comportamento de restringir seus movimentos dentro de sua área de vida foi estimado pela força de seleção em função da distância do centro da área de vida do indivíduo. Já a seleção do habitat ao longo do ciclo circadiano foi estimada pela força de seleção em função das horas do dia. A influência dos coespecíficos foi caracterizada por meio de um conjunto de dados de localizações simultâneas de indivíduos com áreas de vida sobrepostas e a resposta foi estimada pela força de seleção ao indivíduo mais...Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Caça-Vento, Vida-sub & Bicho do Mato e a educação ambiental através das gerações: espaços não formais de educação

The preservation and conservation issues are addressed on a daily basis and are currently increasingly becoming part of everyday life for all of society, from this comes the projectCaça-Vento, Vida-sub & Bicho do Mato that focus on promoting civil society approach to the environmentalelements, raising awareness of preservation. More specifically this study are addressed visits covering a wide type of audience ranging from children undergoing special students and finally old age, these two often overlooked in the subject matter, Environmental Education. The study was grounded in phenomenology and provides important information about the environmental perception of the participants from various generations, and shows the effectiveness of the non-formal spaces education in the learning of all kinds of audiences.A preservação e conservação ambiental são temas abordados diariamente atualmente e fazem cada vez mais parte do cotidiano de toda sociedade, partindo disso surge o Projeto Caça-Vento, Vida-sub & Bicho do Mato que têm como foco promover a aproximação da sociedade civil aos elementos ambientais, despertando a consciência da preservação. Mais especificamente nesse estudo são abordadas visitas que abrangem um vasto tipo de público que vão de crianças, passando por alunos especiais e por fim a terceira idade, esses dois geralmente negligenciados no assunto em questão, a Educação Ambiental. O estudo foi pautado na fenomenologia e traz informações importantes a cerca da percepção ambiental dos participantes de várias gerações, além de mostra a eficácia dos espaços não formais de educação no aprendizado dos mais variados tipos de públicos

Contribuição da geotecnologia no planejamento para a conservação da onça-pintada no Pantanal sul do Brasil

The maps use is an important tool in assistance to plan for conservation of endangered species, providing subsidies for monitoring habitats and assisting in public policy decisions. This study aimed to make a map of monitoring area of nine jaguar (Panthera onca) individuals with GPS collars in southern Pantanal, Brazil. This proposal is to generate information, assisting in species conservation management by the environmental agency of the brazilian government, the CENAP – ICMBio and his collaborator, Projeto Onçafari. The spatial structure of landscape was represented by maps based on four RapidEye satellite images and one Landsat 5 image. The landscape dimension was 1317.25 km² and only 424.79km² (32,24%) is preferred habitas for this specie, the forest and permanent water. The data generated contributed to the aim proposed in National Plan of Action for the jaguar conservation, by ICMBio - Ministério do Meio Ambiente, providing information that support the development and evaluation of future action plans and creation of conservation strategies for jaguars in southern Pantanal, Brazil.O uso de mapas é uma ferramenta importante no auxílio ao planejamento para a conservação de espécies ameaçadas em extinção, fornecendo subsídios para o monitoramento de habitats e auxiliando nas decisões de políticas públicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear as áreas de ocorrência de nove indivíduos de onçaspintada (Panthera onca) monitorados com colares de GPS no Pantanal sul do Brasil. Esta proposta é gerar informações, servindo de meio para a gestão de conservação da espécie pelo órgão ambiental do governo brasileiro, o CENAP – ICMBio e a equipe colaboradora, o Projeto Onçafari. A estrutura espacial da paisagem foi caracterizado pelo mapeamento com base em quatro imagens de satélite RapidEye e uma imagem Landsat 5. A dimensão da paisagem foi de 1317.25km² e apenas 424.79km² (32,24%) de sua composição apresentam habitats preferenciais da espécie, a floresta e corpos de água permanentes. Os dados gerados atendem os objetivos propostos no “Plano de Ação Nacional para a Conservação da Onçapintada” pelo ICMBio – Ministério do Meio Ambiente, fornecendo informações que subsidiem a elaboração e avaliação futura de planos de ação e criação de estratégias de conservação da onça-pintada no Pantanal sul mato-grossense.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data