Το θέατρο στο ραδιόφωνο του ΕΙΡ από το 1953 έως το 1967: Στρατηγικές διασκευής θεατρικών έργων για το ραδιόφωνο

Το θέατρο στο ραδιόφωνο του ΕΙΡ από το 1953 έως το 1967: Στρατηγικές διασκευής θεατρικών έργων για το ραδιόφωνο Στην παρούσα διατριβή, επιχειρήθηκε η διερεύνηση των στρατηγικών μεταφοράς δραματικών κειμένων για το ελληνικό ραδιόφωνο την περίοδο 1953- 1967, ένα πεδίο ανεξερεύνητο μέχρι σήμερα, μέσα από την συνδυαστική αξιοποίηση της θεωρίας του δράματος και της θεατρικής σημειολογίας και παράλληλα της ραδιοφωνικής σημειολογίας και της αφηγηματολογίας. Η έρευνα λαμβάνει υπόψη της το ζήτημα της θέσης που κατέχουν οι διασκευές θεατρικών έργων για το ραδιόφωνο στην ιστορία του θεάτρου και του ραδιοφώνου στη Μ. Βρετανία, την Γερμανία και την Ελλάδα και του ρόλου τους ως εκπολιτιστικού μέσου άρα ως μιας μορφής υποκατάστατου της θεατρικής παράστασης ή ως αυτόνομου είδους. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται μια σύντομη επισκόπηση της ιστορίας της ελληνικής ραδιοφωνίας από τη γέννησή της ώς τη δεκαετία του ‘60. Εκκινώντας από την συγκριτική ανάλυση των παραγόντων της αφήγησης αποκαλύπτονται οι στρατηγικές προσαρμογής και αναδύονται τα όρια και οι στόχοι της ίδιας της πρακτικής διασκευής δραματικών κειμένων για το ραδιόφωνο. Το κύριο ερώτημα που διατρέχει την έρευνα είναι α) σε επίπεδο discourse ποια σημεία και ποιοι συνδυασμοί σημείων παράγουν αφηγηματικές λειτουργίες και ποιες, β) πώς αξιοποιούνται οι ραδιοφωνικοί κώδικες, δηλαδή αν και κατά πόσο οι διασκευαστές και οι ραδιοσκηνοθέτες εκμεταλλεύονται τη δυνατότητα του ίδιου του μέσου να παράγει σημασίες. Έτσι, από την εξέταση ενός ετερογενούς αλλά αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος διασκευών διαπιστώθηκε ότι το ζητούμενο για την ραδιοφωνική διασκευή των δραματικών κειμένων είναι η σύντμηση και ως εκ τούτου η προώθηση της δράσης και η συνοχή. Η ανάλυση του συνδυασμού σημειακών συστημάτων που σηματοδοτούν τους παράγοντες της αφήγησης μας οδήγησε να αντλήσουμε χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα για την εξέλιξη του ίδιου του μέσου, το οποίο σταδιακά ξεπερνά την αγκύλωση σε θεατρικές συμβάσεις και αρχίζει να εξερευνά τις αφηγηματικές δυνατότητές του δανειζόμενο τεχνικές και από άλλα είδη όπως ο κινηματογράφος. Η εξέταση των στρατηγικών διασκευής μας επιτρέπει να προσεγγίσουμε τις διασκευές ως αναγνώσεις του πρωτοτύπου, το οποίο όχι μόνον προσαρμόζεται και αλλάζει αλλά τοποθετείται σε ένα διαφορετικό περικείμενο. Επιπλέον, το νέο «κείμενο» που προκύπτει παρέχει πολύτιμες πληροφορίες στον ερευνητή για τα ερμηνευτικά και αισθητικά κριτήρια με τα όποια προσεγγίζουν οι συντελεστές του ΕΙΡ τα κλασικά κείμενα και τα έργα της πρωτοπορίας και για τις ειδολογικές συμβάσεις της εποχής, Ο επιμορφωτικός- εκλαϊκευτικός χαρακτήρας του ραδιοφώνου της εποχής αποτελεί από μόνος του έναν παράγοντα που καθόρισε τις αποφάσεις των συντελεστών τόσο για την επιλογή ρεπερτορίου όσο και για τις στρατηγικές διασκευής. Κι ενώ οι διασκευές ήταν στην ουσία προϊόν μαζικής κατανάλωσης, δεν έλειπαν οι αναζητήσεις νέων αισθητικών ρευμάτων και τάσεων στο μοντέρνο δράμα αλλά και στον τρόπο αναπαράστασής του. Η κατά το δυνατόν μεγαλύτερη εμβάθυνση στις αφηγηματικές λειτουργίες των δύο μέσων προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα διερεύνησης αποτελεσματικότερων τρόπων για τη μεταφορά κειμένων σε άλλα μέσα, ενώ παράλληλα η μεταφορά δραματικών κειμένων στο ραδιόφωνο φωτίζει με νέο φως την ιστορία πρόσληψης του θεάτρου κατά τις δεκαετίες ’50 και ’60.Radio adaptations of stage plays for the of the Hellenic Radio Foundation (EIP) between 1953 and 1967: Adaptation strategies This dissertation focuses on the unexplored field of radio adaptations of stage plays. It is based on the archive of the Hellenic National Radio Foundation (EIP), which includes more than 1500 adaptations and original radio plays broadcasted between 1953 and 1967. During the 50’s and 60’s, the adaptation of theatre plays for the radio became a major part of the drama output of the Hellenic National Radio Foundation (EIP). The variety of drama produced throughout these years was considerable. Apart from forging a national identity radio begun to take seriously its cultural role as a mediator of the current trend in drama. Although radio seeked to occupy a space in the national cultural life, replacing theatre visit, adaptations soon started exploring the language of the medium. Plays of Georg Büchner, Samuel Beckett, Max Frisch, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Eugene Ionesco and others found their way to the audience through their adapted versions. Curiously enough, plays that hadn’t been presented on stage were first broadcasted on radio. Thus, in a very real sense, radio became a kind of alternative avant- garde theatre, introducing audience to modern drama. During the period 1960-1965, Greek radio also embraced modern Greek dramaturgy, introducing playwrights such as Iakovos Kambanellis, Dimitris Kechaedis, Loula Anagnostaki, Jorgos Sevastikoglou, Kostoula Mitropoulou and Vassilis Ziogas. The first chapter is an overview of the history and praxis of radio adaptations as cultural practice in Great Britain, Germany and Greece. The second chapter presents the methodological tools borrowed from semiotics of drama and radio and post classical narratology, which are applied in order to compare the source -texts with the target -texts and analyze the adaptation strategies. The following chapters are structured according to the narrative components of drama: a) division into segments, b) dramatis persona, c) dramatic space, d) dramatic time, e) dramatic text and f) plot vs fabula. Using rare archival material as case studies the dissertation offers documented answers to the following questions: a) which signs and combination of signs produce narrative functions on the discourse level and which are these functions, b) to what extend are radio codes exploited. Adaptation itself can be regarded as an act of criticism performed upon a particular text, necessarily involving a degree of transliteration, which means interpretation, restatement in a different form in terms of a different medium. In most cases, the objective of a radio adaptation is to compensate for the absence of a visual perspective, thus establishing a framework that has theatrical performance as its reference point. The absence of ostension leads in many cases to the introduction of a narrator who functions as a substitute of the secondary text. Although the vast majority of the radio adaptations mostly depend on realism, there is a number of adaptations during the 60’s, which use radio as a site of experimentation. They use reflexive techniques reminding the listeners the artificiality of representation, exploring radio codes, playing with theatrical and radio conventions and turning radio’s supposed limitations into an advantage

Εμβολιαστική καταγραφή του παιδιατρικού πληθυσμού της δομής, camp Ασημακοπούλου

Η μεταναστευτική κρίση έχει αλλάξει άρδην τις ισορροπίες των χωρών και η ανοσοποίηση των μεταναστών αποτελεί μείζον θέμα διαχείρισης. Η παρούσα διπλωματική μελέτη αποτελεί μία συγχρονική μελέτη καταγραφής του ποσοστού εμβολιαστικής κάλυψης του παιδιατρικού πληθυσμού σε μία δομή φιλοξενίας της Ελλάδας. Επιχειρεί πέρα από την στείρα αριθμητική καταγραφή να σκιαγραφήσει το ευρύτερο πλαίσιο της ανοσοποίησης και να προτείνει τρόπους ενίσχυσής της. Για τον σκοπό αυτόν συλλέχθηκαν βιβλιάρια υγείας και κάρτες εμβολιαστικής καταγραφής από τα 621 παιδιά της δομής. Για την στατιστική ανάλυση των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα SPSS 22.0. Τα παιδιά κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν ανάλογα το φύλο, την ηλικία και τη χώρα καταγωγής. Έγινε σύγκριση της εμβολιαστικής κάλυψης των παιδιών βάσει των μεταβλητών αυτών. Παράλληλα κατεγράφησαν οι ημερομηνίες εισόδου των παιδιών στη χώρα και οι φορείς που διενήργησαν τους εμβολιασμούς. Από την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων σημειώθηκε υπεροχή της ηλικιακής ομάδας 2-6 ετών, των παιδιών που προέρχονται από το Αφγανιστάν ενώ δεν αποτυπώθηκε σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ των δύο φύλων. Όσον αφορά τους φορείς εμβολιασμού τον πρώτο λόγο είχαν ο Εθνικός Οργανισμός Δημόσιας Υγείας και οι μη κυβερνητικές οργανώσεις. Η παρούσα μελέτη ανέδειξε πως η ολοκλήρωση πλήρους δοσολογικού σχήματος ανά εμβόλιο ήταν ελλιπής με προτεραιοποίηση συγκεκριμένων εμβολίων όπως το MMR και την τάση της χορήγησης τουλάχιστον μίας δόσης από την πλειονότητα των εμβολίων στο σύνολο του πληθυσμού.The migrant crisis has dramatically changed the balance of each country and the immunization of the migrants consists a major theme to solve. The current thesis is a cross-sectional study that records the vaccination coverage of the pediatric population at a refugee camp in Greece. The survey tries to mark the general framework of immunization and suggests ways to reinforce it. For this purpose health cards and epi cards collected from the 621 children of the refugee camp. The data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 22.0. Children were categorized by sex, age and country of origin .We compared the immunization status of the children based on these parameters. Also we recorded the arrival date of children in Greece and who was responsible for the vaccination. From the data analysis it was remarkably noted that the vaccination coverage was higher in children aged between 2 and 6 years old, in children originated from Afghanistan but with no significance between boys or girls. National Public Health Organization and non-governmental organizations were those who have vaccinated the majority of children. Moreover it was noted that the completion of the dosage scheme of each vaccine was lacking but some vaccines such as MMR and the first doses of vaccines were put in high priority

Characterizing halloumi cheese's bacterial communities through metagenomic analysis

Halloumi is a semi hard cheese produced in Cyprus for centuries and its popularity has significantly risen over the past years. High throughput sequencing (HTS) was applied in the present research to characterize traditional Cyprus Halloumi bacterial diversity. Eighteen samples made by different milk mixtures and produced in different areas of the country were analyzed, to reveal that Halloumi microbiome was mainly comprised by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus, as well as halophilic bacteria, such as Marinilactibacillus and Halomonas. Additionally, spore forming bacteria and spoilage bacteria, were also detected. Halloumi produced with the traditional method, had significantly richer bacterial diversity compared to Halloumi produced with the industrial method. Variations detected among the bacterial communities highlight the contribution of the initial microbiome that existed in milk and survived pasteurization, as well as factors associated with Halloumi manufacturing conditions, in the final microbiota composition shaping. Identification and characterization of Halloumi microbiome provides an additional, useful tool to characterize its typicity and probably safeguard it from fraud products that may appear in the market. Also, it may assist producers to further improve its quality and guarantee consumers safety

Comparative investigation of copper tolerance and identification of putative tolerance related genes in tardigrades

Tardigrades are microscopic aquatic animals renowned for their tolerance toward extreme environmental conditions. The current study is the first to investigate their tolerance toward heavy metals and we present a novel tardigrade toxicant tolerance assay based on activity assessments as a measure of survival. Specifically, we compare tolerance toward copper in four species representing different evolutionary lineages, habitats and adaptation strategies, i.e., a marine heterotardigrade, Echiniscoides sigismundi, a limno-terrestrial heterotardigrade, Echiniscus testudo, a limno-terrestrial eutardigrade, Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri, and a marine eutardigrade, Halobiotus crispae. The latter was sampled at a time of year, when the population is predominantly represented by aberrant P1 cysts, while the other species were in normal active states prior to exposure. Based on volume measurements and a general relation between body mass and copper tolerance, expected tardigrade EC50 values were estimated at 0.5–2 μg l(−1). Following 24 h of exposure, tolerance was high with no apparent link to lineage or habitat. EC50s (95% CI), 24 h after exposure, were estimated at 178 (168–186) and 310 (295–328) μg l(−1), respectively, for E. sigismundi and R. oberhaeuseri, whereas E. testudo and H. crispae were less affected. Highest tolerance was observed in H. crispae with a mean ± s.e.m. activity of 77 ± 2% (n = 3) 24 h after removal from ~3 mg l(−1) copper, suggesting that tardigrade cysts have increased tolerance toward toxicants. In order to identify putative tolerance related genes, an E. sigismundi transcriptome was searched for key enzymes involved in osmoregulation, antioxidant defense and copper metabolism. We found high expression of Na/K ATPase and carbonic anhydrase, known targets for copper. Our transcriptome, furthermore, revealed high expression of antioxidant enzymes, copper transporters, ATOX1, and a Cu-ATPase. In summary, our results indicate that tardigrades express well-known key osmoregulatory enzymes, supporting the hypothesis that copper inhibits sodium turnover as demonstrated for other aquatic organisms. Tardigrades, nevertheless, have high tolerance toward the toxicant, which is likely linked to high expression of antioxidant enzymes and an ability to enter dormant states. Tardigrades, furthermore, seem to have a well-developed battery of cuproproteins involved in copper homeostasis, providing basis for active copper sequestering and excretion

Fermented table olives from Cyprus: Microbiota profile of three varieties from different regions through metabarcoding sequencing

The knowledge about the microbial diversity of different olives varieties from diverse regions in the Mediterranean basin is limited. This work aimed to determine the microbial diversity of three different fermented olive varieties, collected from different regions in Cyprus, via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. Olives were spontaneously fermented for 120 days, microbial DNA was extracted from the final products, and subjected to 16S rRNA gene and ITS1 loci metabarcoding analysis for the determination of bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Results revealed that the bacterial profile of the studied varieties was similar, while no noteworthy differences were observed in olives from different regions. The bacterial profile was dominated by the co-existence of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, while the genera Lactococcus and Salinivibrio and the family Leuconostocaceae were also present in increased relative abundances. Regarding fungal communities, the analysis indicated discrimination among the different varieties, especially in Kalamata ones. The most abundant fungi were mainly the genera Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Meyerozyma, and Zygosaccharomyces for Cypriot olives, the genera Botryosphaeria, Saccharomyces, Geosmithia, and Wickeromyces for Kalamata variety, while the dominant fungi in the Picual variety were mainly members of the genera Candida, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, Hanseniospora and Botryosphaeria. Potential microbial biomarkers that distinguish the three varieties are also proposed. Moreover, interaction networks analysis identified interactions among the key taxa of the communities. Overall, the present work provides useful information and sheds light on an understudied field, such as the comparison of microbiota profiles of different varieties from several regions in Cyprus. The study enriches our knowledge and highlights the similarities and the main differences between those aspects, booming in parallel the need for further works on this frontier, in the attempt to determine potentially olives’ microbial terroir in Cyprus. Our work should be used as a benchmark for future works in this direction

Phylogeography of Aegean green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup): continental hybrid swarm vs. insular diversification with discovery of a new island endemic

BACKGROUND: Debated aspects in speciation research concern the amount of gene flow between incipient species under secondary contact and the modes by which post-zygotic isolation accumulates. Secondary contact zones of allopatric lineages, involving varying levels of divergence, provide natural settings for comparative studies, for which the Aegean (Eastern Mediterranean) geography offers unique scenarios. In Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup or Bufotes), Plio-Pleistocene (~ 2.6 Mya) diverged species show a sharp transition without contemporary gene flow, while younger lineages, diverged in the Lower-Pleistocene (~ 1.9 Mya), admix over tens of kilometers. Here, we conducted a fine-scale multilocus phylogeographic analysis of continental and insular green toads from the Aegean, where a third pair of taxa, involving Mid-Pleistocene diverged (~ 1.5 Mya) mitochondrial lineages, earlier tentatively named viridis and variabilis, (co-)occurs. RESULTS: We discovered a new lineage, endemic to Naxos (Central Cyclades), while coastal islands and Crete feature weak genetic differentiation from the continent. In continental Greece, both lineages, viridis and variabilis, form a hybrid swarm, involving massive mitochondrial and nuclear admixture over hundreds of kilometers, without obvious selection against hybrids. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic signatures of insular Aegean toads appear governed by bathymetry and Quaternary sea level changes, resulting in long-term isolation (Central Cyclades: Naxos) and recent land-bridges (coastal islands). Conversely, Crete has been isolated since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (5.3 My) and Cretan populations thus likely result from human-mediated colonization, at least since Antiquity, from Peloponnese and Anatolia. Comparisons of green toad hybrid zones support the idea that post-zygotic hybrid incompatibilities accumulate gradually over the genome. In this radiation, only one million years of divergence separate a scenario of complete reproductive isolation, from a secondary contact resulting in near panmixia