The process of integration among Burmese refugees in Finland

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.The aims of study were to examine the immigrants’ integration process in many aspects of living in Finland amongst Burmese families as a quota refugee. Their expectations for moving to Finland, social services and living conditions, the situation in labour market and education, social relations in personal connections and networks were important issues in examining the process of integration. Furthermore, in a relationship between parents and their children considering the cultural succession could appear the parent's ethnic identity, which might have affected their child's education. This study was based on the face-to-face interviews of Burmese refugees according to qualitative research method. The study followed the previous researches of immigrants and the integration process in Finland from different perspectives. The theories, which relate to the themes, such as immigrant identity, acculturation and family relationships, were used for analysing the material of the interviews. As a result, they were satisfied with the services in accordance with the Act on the Integration of Immigrants and Reception of Asylum Seekers (493/1999) in their living, learning language and career education for three years in the integration programme. Nevertheless, they had difficulties to get a job because of their weak language skills. They wanted to keep their identity with the language and culture in Finnish society and they hoped to teach their own language and culture to their children. The conclusion was that the Burmese refugees recognised their identity and importance of culture, when they tried to adjust themselves to a new culture in the new country. Their own identity and culture was also expressed in their child's education. Employment and language skills played an important role in the integration process. Having good relations with Finns supported their cultural adaptation in the society. Moreover, Burmese refugees were having a positive thinking and attitude in the integration process compared to previous studies of refugees even though they have had similar problems as other refugee groups

Nilpotency of the Bauer-Furuta stable homotopy Seiberg-Witten invariants

We prove a nilpotency theorem for the Bauer-Furuta stable homotopy Seiberg-Witten invariants for smooth closed 4-manifolds with trivial first Betti number.Comment: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 29 January 200

Study on Students\u27 GPA in Open-space on Campus : A case of Kansai University

The university campus has provided a wide range of spaces for learning and activity to ensure that students receive an education of the highest quality. The open space on campus is usually used for extracurricular learning, rest, and places that promote communication among students. Because the location and size of the open space are different and there are other differences in the spaces, the attributes of the students who are using the space may also be different. Thus, grade point average (GPA) was used as the measurement of students\u27 attributes in this study. The relationship between the open space and students\u27 GPA is as follows: 1) GPA in the central part of the campus was found to be higher than that of the surrounding areas and the students\u27 GPA tended to decrease gradually from the center to the periphery; 2) GPA in the smoking area and the open spaces containing a smoking area was lower; and 3) In areas where students from all faculties gathered, the students\u27 GPA was higher, while in areas where students from specific faculties gathered, the students\u27 was lower

Past and Present States of the 53 Tokaido Stations Through the Utagawa Hiroshige\u27s Ukiyo-e

We will compare the landscape and customs that were the characteristic of each post town during the Edo period in the past with those of the present, and consider the factors behind the changes by Hiroshige Utagawa\u27s "Toukaidou 53 Stations". We completed bibliographic survey and a field survey to analyze the landscape and customs that were characteristic of each post town during the Edo period in the past compared with those of the present, and considered the factors behind the changes. The characteristics that appear in Ukiyo-e, old tales, and legends are valued and easily remain. There are many characteristics that remain in rural areas and residential areas where development is difficult. However, in a big city or an industrial area, there are few characteristics that remain because it is in the commercial and industrial areas with national roads that have changed greatly between the past and the present

Asymmetric Electrophilic alpha-Amidoalkylation, VII1): Generation, Crystal Structure, and Trapping Reactions of a Chiral 6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Derived N-Acyliminium Ion

The camphanic acid amide 4 has efficiently been oxidized with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate (3) to yield the chiral N-acyliminium ion 1. Trapping reactions of 1 with the silyl nucleophiles 7a-c and 10a-f proceeded with stereoselective bond formation, affording the diastereomers (R)-8/(S)-9a-c and (R)-11/(S)-12a-f, respectively, with diastereoselectivities of up to 93.9/6.1. The amido ketones (R)-8/(S)-9a-c were employed in the synthesis of the secondary amines (R)-16a-c, (S)-16a and for the preparation of (-)-homolaudanosine (R)-18. By X-ray crystallography the conformation of 1 in the crystal lattice was established and the preferred conformation of 1 in solution was elucidated by NOE experiments. Finally, the addition reaction of 7a to the iminium ion 21 derived from menthyl carbamate 20 was investigated, which reaction, however, proceeded only with insignificant asymmetric induction