Identifikationssymbol Sport : die Beeinflussung der regionalen Identität Bremens durch den SV Werder Bremen

In der vorliegenden Bachelorthesis wurde Sport als Identifikationssymbol und die damit zusammenhängende Beeinflussung der regionalen Identität einer Stadt dargestellt. Als konkretes Beispiel wurde dies an der Stadt Bremen und dem Fußballbundesligisten SV Werder Bremen untersucht. Theoretische Grundlagen zur regionalen Identität wurden erarbeitet, bevor diese in Verbindung mit Fußball vertieft wurden. In den darauffolgenden Abschnitten wurden der SV Werder Bremen, sowie die Stadt Bremen vorgestellt und ihre Identität mithilfe der Identitäts- und Imageanalyse der Stadt Bremen analysiert. Die theoretischen Kenntnisse wurden durch eine empirische Erhebung in Form einer quantitativen Untersuchung ergänzt, welche die Beeinflussung der regionalen Identität Bremens durch Werder Bremen darstellen sollte. Gestützt wurden die Ergebnisse durch zwei Experteninterviews. Die Untersuchung bestätigt die theoretischen Erkenntnisse nur zum Teil, was in einem abschließenden Fazit näher erläutert wird

Temporal coordination of the metaphase to anaphase transition

The cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events culminating in the formation of two identical daughter cells. Ensuring the order of the events is essential for genomic integrity and cell proliferation. The sudden and synchronous splitting of chromosomes during the metaphase to anaphase transition is one of the visually most dramatic events of the cell cycle. The transition is driven by the activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which initiates the destruction of its two essential targets, cyclin B and securin. Cyclin B degradation inactivates the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and triggers a multitude of processes during mitotic exit. Degradation of securin releases separase from its inhibition. Active separase subsequently triggers the highly synchronous separation of sister chromatids. The separation is irreversible and therefore needs to be highly accurate and tightly coordinated with mitotic exit. Yet, little is known about the molecular events that determine the timing of the single processes and coordinate the individual processes relative to each other. I have systematically studied the dynamics of the metaphase to anaphase transition in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe using live cell imaging assays with high temporal resolution. My analysis shows that the synchronicity of sister chromatid separation directly depends on the degradation kinetic of its upstream regulator securin, which suggests the absence of additional feedback regulation. Stochastic processes dominate the order in which sister chromatids separate, but an intrinsic bias in chromosome segregation exists, which is enhanced by decreased separase activity or securin degradation rates. Sister chromatid separation has to be tightly coordinated with the cyclin B degradation-driven processes of mitotic exit. I find the temporal order of events during the metaphase to anaphase transition to be remarkably robust against changes in securin and cyclin B, even if the overall timing of the respective events is severely altered. Competition of securin and cyclin B for the shared degradation machinery as well as systematic variability in the protein thresholds at which certain events occur contribute to the observed temporal robustness. I further investigated the consequences of potential misregulation between securin and cyclin B degradation-dependent events and show that high CDK1 activity at anaphase results in untimely destabilization of chromosome attachment, activation of the mitotic checkpoint and inhibition of the APC/C. Yet, we find that inhibition of the APC/C occurs with slow kinetics, which might provide an additional buffer against the detrimental consequences of such a loss in coordination

The Apparent Requirement for Protein Synthesis during G2 Phase Is due to Checkpoint Activation

Protein synthesis inhibitors have long been known to prevent G2 phase cells from entering mitosis. Lockhead et al. demonstrate that this G2 arrest is due to the activation of p38 MAPK, not insufficient protein synthesis, arguing that protein synthesis in G2 phase is not absolutely required for mitotic entry

The Development of tunable metalation resistant pincer ligands for supporting f-elements

xxvi, 171 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cmThe synthesis and characterization of a carbazole-based family of NNN tridentate pincer ligands and their respective organolanthanide chemistry was explored using both traditional synthetic and computational methodologies. The two modular ancillaries, a bis(phosphinimine)carbazole and a bis(pyrazolyl)carbazole ligand, were systematically developed with the intent of mitigating intramolecular cyclometalative reactivity that had been observed in previous ligand systems. The bis(phosphinimine)carbazole ligand was designed with geometrically constrained phospholane rings, which were incorporated into the ligand in a bid to reduce the propensity of cyclometalation at the PR2 site. The bis(pyrazolyl)carbazole ancillary explored the incorporation of strongly electron donating pyrazolyl rings into the ligand scaffold, as an alternative donor moiety to phosphinimines. Between the two scaffolds, distinguishable reactivity and stability was apparent upon formation of dialkyl lanthanide complexes. These differences were directly correlated to the unique steric and electronic properties provided by each framework

Nachhaltige Logistik der Kurier-, Express- und Paketdienste (KEP)

NACHHALTIGE LOGISTIK DER KURIER-, EXPRESS- UND PAKETDIENSTE (KEP) Nachhaltige Logistik der Kurier-, Express- und Paketdienste (KEP) / Bernecker, Tobias (Rights reserved) ( -

In vitro synchrotron-based radiography of micro-gap formation at the implant–abutment interface of two-piece dental implants

Micro-radiography using hard X-ray synchrotron radiation is the first potential tool to allow an evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the dental implant–abutment complex during force application, thus enabling the enhancement of the design of dental implants which has been based on theoretical analysis to date

Homeosis in a scorpion supports a telopodal origin of pectines and components of the book lungs

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

Sirolimus inhibits key events of restenosis in vitro/ex vivo: evaluation of the clinical relevance of the data by SI/MPL- and SI/DES-ratio's

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sirolimus (SRL, Rapamycin) has been used successfully to inhibit restenosis both in drug eluting stents (DES) and after systemic application. The current study reports on the effects of SRL in various human in vitro/ex vivo models and evaluates the theoretical clinical relevance of the data by SI/MPL- and SI/DES-ratio's.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Definition of the SI/MPL-ratio: relation between <b>s</b>ignificant <b>i</b>nhibitory effects in vitro/ex vivo and the <b>m</b>aximal <b>p</b>lasma <b>l</b>evel after systemic administration in vivo (6.4 ng/ml for SRL). Definition of the SI/DES-ratio: relation between <b>s</b>ignificant <b>i</b>nhibitory effects in vitro/ex vivo and the drug concentration in <b>DES </b>(7.5 mg/ml in the ISAR drug-eluting stent platform). Part I of the study investigated in cytoflow studies the effect of SRL (0.01–1000 ng/ml) on TNF-α induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAEC) and human coronary smooth muscle cells (HCMSMC). Part II of the study analysed the effect of SRL (0.01–1000 ng/ml) on cell migration of HCMSMC. In part III, IV, and V of the study ex vivo angioplasty (9 bar) was carried out in a human organ culture model (HOC-model). SRL (50 ng/ml) was added for a period of 21 days, after 21 and 56 days cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neointimal hyperplasia was studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expression of ICAM-1 was significantly inhibited both in HCAEC (SRL ≥ 0.01 ng/ml) and HCMSMC (SRL ≥ 10 ng/ml). SRL in concentrations ≥ 0.1 ng/ml significantly inhibited migration of HCMSMC. Cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia was inhibited at day 21 and day 56, significance (p < 0.01) was achieved for the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in the media at day 21. The number of apoptotic cells was always below 1%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>SI/MPL-ratio's ≤ 1 (ICAM-1 expression, cell migration) characterize inhibitory effects of SRL that can be theoretically expected both after systemic and local high dose administration, a SI/MPL-ratio of 7.81 (cell proliferation) represents an effect that was achieved with drug concentrations 7.81-times the MPL. SI/DES-ratio's between 10^-6and 10^-8indicate that the described inhibitory effects of SRL have been detected with micro to nano parts of the SRL concentration in the ISAR drug-eluting stent platform. Drug concentrations in DES will be a central issue in the future.</p