Correlation between Parents' Knowledge of Calcium Foods and Dental Caries Experience in Preschool Children

Problem statement: The prevalence of caries in Indonesia in children aged 3-4 years is 81.5% with a def-t score of 6.2 and the prevalence of caries in children aged 5 years is 90.2% with a def-t score of 8.1. Preschool children are prone to dental caries, one of the dental and oral health service efforts that can be done is in the form of preventing dental and oral diseases. It has been found that foods and drinks containing calcium can help prevent dental caries. Purpose: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between parents' knowledge of calcium-based foods and the dental caries experience of preschoolers at IT Al-Hikmah Kindergarten, Cirebon City. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all children and parents of TK Al-Hikmah Cirebon City with a total sample of 60 parents and 60 children. Analysis of the results of the study using the Spearman rank test. Results: The majority of parents' knowledge about calcium-based foods was good (55%) and the category of dental caries experience for preschoolers was very low (26.7%). Parents with good knowledge and their child's caries experience rate is very low (21.7%). The Spearman rank test results have a significance value of 0.00 and a correlation coefficient value of -0.580. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship with moderate strength and not in the same direction between parents' knowledge about calcium foods and preschool children's caries experience

Neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in herbal therapy

Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons from precursor cells that involves a series includes the proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synapse formation. During the formation, some neurons will undergo a process of programmed cell death or apoptosis; it is related to the trophic factor / neurotrophin molecules of the substance that is to sustain life as BDNF cells found in the nervous system among other areas in the hippocampus. Problem neurogenesis is expected to reach 17% of the entire population, basic pathology due to reduced synapse, neurotransmitters and neuronal networks. Provision of adequate stimuli can trigger neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. WHO estimates that 80% of the world population use herbal medicine for the treatment of major health considering safe and without side effects. Already many herb plants are currently used as a treatment for nerve. In a review of this article we try to give an overview illustration of our understanding of neurogenesis and BDNF with various problems related to the prospect of therapy for both of them, through the treatment of phytochemicals as an alternative treatment that is safe and effective, using several types of herbs below levels / doses used, how to work, and the methods used

Description of Dental and Oral Hygiene and Extrinsic Dental Stain Among E-Cigarette Smokers in the Vaper Community in Tasikmalaya City

Smoking behavior can have a negative effect on health. It not only causes a systemic effect, but can also cause pathological conditions in the oral cavity. The World Health Organization is pursuing a strategy by replacing the use of conventional cigarettes with electric cigarettes, because they do not contain tar and carbon monoxide compounds, although some evidence says that vaping or e-cigarettes have not been proven safe. This study aims to determine the description of dental and oral hygiene and extrinsic dental stain among e-cigarette smokers in the vaper community in Tasikmalaya City. This was a descriptive study which presents a complete description of the problem under study. The study samples involved 43 respondents. The study used the assessment instruments of OHIS Green and Vermillion index and the extrinsic stain index according to Shaw and Murray. 43 respondents were willing to be examined for the mouth condition. The results of the study showed that 58% of respondents had moderate dental and oral hygiene status. 61% of respondents had moderate level of extrinsic dental stain. It can be concluded that the Vaper community in Tasikmalaya City had a moderate status of oral hygiene and extrinsic dental stain. It is recommended that future researchers can observe a comparison of oral and dental hygiene between conventional smokers and e-cigarette smokers so that it is expected to increase public knowledge about the impact of cigarettes and e-cigarettes on dental hygiene and stain

Acinetobacter baumannii – a problematic microorganism with increasing antibiotic resistance

IntroductionIn the last years, the growing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has been registered all over the world, incl. in our country. This increases the cost of treatment, burdens health care facilities and staff, and - on an individual level - worsens the quality of life of patients, especially the risk of death. The aim of this study is to discuss up-to-date data on the problematic and increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii and their containment.Materials and MethodsInformation from the last five years is selected from scientific databases: CDC, ECDC, Elsevier, PubMed, Sciencedirect, BulSTAR, Medical Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs.Results and DiscussionAccording to experts, emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii should be contained using complex measures: screening of risky patients, increased measures in infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. The COVID-19 pandemic over the past year has contributed to increase in resistance due to the heightened and in many cases irrational use of often broad-spectrum antibiotics. The need for laboratory testing of susceptibility/ resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hospital isolates to antimicrobials is frequently overlooked.ConclusionsStrict control of infections is needed to limit the increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, including through monitoring, and an early and accurate laboratory diagnosis. It is necessary to raise the level of awareness regarding antibiotic policy, both among medical professionals and among people in society as a whole, through information events and materials

THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM MUSA PARADISIACA L. (MPL) FRUIT ON THE CASPASE-3 MRNA GENE EXPRESSION IN RAT AMYLOID BETA INDUCED, AN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MODEL

 Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze caspase-3 mRNA gene expression in a Wistar rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with Musa paradisiaca L. (MPL) ethanol extract or banana extract (BE)Methods: MPL was evaluated for its effect on the caspase-3 mRNA gene expression of rat amyloid beta (Aβ) induced, an AD model. Each model included twenty Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: K0, without AD induction and no BE; K1, AD induction and no BE; K2, AD induction+BE 250 mg/kg body weight (BW); K3, AD induction+BE 500 mg/kg; and K4, AD induction+BE 1000 mg/kg. AD induction was performed by Aβ1-42 (0.2 ug) injection at the intracerebroventricular area. mRNA caspase-3 level measurements were performed by real time-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Paired t-test analysis showed no significant differences of caspase-3 mRNA level before Aβ induction among five groups (p>0.05). At 6 weeks post-Aβ induction, there was significantly increased caspase-3 mRNA in all groups except K0 (p<0.05). Notably, after 3 weeks of BE administration, caspase-3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in all BE-treated groups; in the K1 placebo group, caspase-3 mRNA expression increased. The maximum decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression was in group K4 (-BE 1000 mg/kg BW), and the minimum was in group K2 (-BE 250 mg/kg BW).Conclusion: The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of MPL fruit could decrease caspase-3 mRNA gene expression in AD rat

Pengaruh Berkumur Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) Terhadap Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut serta Derajat Keasaman Saliva Pada Anak Usia 10 – 11 Tahun

Plaque buildup on the tooth surface and a decrease in salivary pH can be a risk of dental caries. Children aged 10-11 years are an age that is prone to dental and oral health problems such as dental caries. The percentage of children who have caries at the age of 10-11 years is 82%. Red betel leaf is known to contain antibacterial compounds that can be used as natural ingredients in making mouthwash to inhibit plaque formation and increase salivary pH. The research objective: to determine the effect of red betel leaf decoction (Piper crocatum Ruiz Pav.) on oral hygiene and the degree of acidity of saliva in children aged 10-11 years. Research methods: using a quasi-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test designs. Sampling by purposive sampling as many as 20 people. The research measuring instrument used the PHP index and saliva pH. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results: after gargling red betel leaf stew, the average oral hygiene status increased from 2.90 to 1.98 and the degree of saliva acidity increased from 6.65 to 7.7, the Wilcoxon test results obtained p-value = 0.000 (0.05). Conclusion: there is an effect of gargling red betel leaf decoction on oral hygiene status and the degree of acidity of saliva in children aged 10-11 years

Beta Amyloid Peptide Role in Animal Modeling Trial of Alzheimer's Disease

The Objective of this paper is to investigate the profile changes of Amyloid Beta (A?) levels in the blood serum using AmyloidASerum (SAA)Mouse ELISA Kit and histopathological image of hippocampal tissue in mice injected with amyloid beta-protein (A?) fragment 1-42.Wistar rats were randomly selected and were divided into two cages. First Cage contained three mice which were injected A?1-42 peptide in the intracerebroventricullar (ICV) area with each dose of 0.

Ocimum Basilicum as Alternative Natural Cancer Care

Cancer is the most dreadful disease worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. The exact cause of cancer development and progression is not fully known. Ocimum Basilicum (OB) or basil contains citric acid, essential oils, 1-8 sineol, arigin, anetol, flavonoid, boron, stigmasterol, eugenol, beta-carotene, magnesium and tryptophan. Works as an anticancer through phenolic compounds (caffeine acid, p-kumarat acid) which is an antiproliferative agent, which will increase the number of non-apoptotic cells in the synthesis phase in the cell cycle and decrease the number of non-apoptotic cells in the G2/M phase. While caffeine acid may cause an increase in FasL, which is a receptor of death (Fas). The existence of a complex between FasL and Fas can induce signaling that induces cell death. Phenolics have also been shown to decrease the Bcl2 antiapoptotic protein, so apoptosis does not work. Increased Bcl2 expression will be followed by an increase in Bax, which is produced because cancer cells may mutate in the p53 protein, triggering a dimer between the two and triggering apoptosis through Fas. OB extract, containing flavonoids that have an effect as a chemopreventive agent by protecting lymphocytes from cancer induction. Another compound is the essential oil (terpenoid) that can inhibit tumor by improving the performance of Human Natural Killer in immune system (immunostimulan), so as to destroy tumor cells and increase macrophage cells that act as the phagocytes of damaged cells. In this review will be discussed about the role of OB in the natural treatment of cancer and the working mechanisms involved in it

A MINI REVIEW OF INDONESIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second normal of vaginal mucosal infection after bacterial that influencing right around 70%-75% of women once in a lifetime. Azoles antibiotics are used in treatment for VVC but limited because cause drug resistance in patients. Therefore, today need for new antifungal agents for Candida albicans infection that safe and without side effect. This article reviews Indonesian medicinal plants related to the antifungal activity and mechanisms of action against C. albicans. The searches for this review were conducted via the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, online Science Direct, Science and Technology Index. The document relevant analyzed and included in the study. Almost 34 medicinal plants used for anti-Candida in Indonesia were reported. About 5.88% and 94.12% of Indonesian medicinal plants were significant and weak as an anti-Candida activity, respectively. The plants with the greatest anti-Candida activity were Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Syzygium aromaticum. The anti-Candida action involved disruption of hyphae production, membrane permeabilization, cell wall, biofilm formation, envelope, and filament formation. These results contribute to the drug discovering of the anti-Candida from Indonesian medicinal plants

Animal Modeling Try Strain Balb/c Mice With Gardnerella Vaginalis

Gardnerella vaginalis is the causative agent of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of the bacterial class and is the main species of bacterial vaginosis (BV), classified as gram-negative bacteria, and is anaerobic facultative. The incidence of bacterial vaginosis increased rapidly in Indonesia with a prevalence of approximately 20-30% of women of childbearing age suffering from sexually transmitted infections diagnosed BV and an increase of 50-60%. BV is the leading cause of vaginal infection in women of childbearing age and is one of the most common infectious diseases in the gynecological obstetrics. Balb-C is a trying animal with a human-like cervical vagina. Objective: To identify the dose of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria that has the potential to live on the vagina of experimental animals. Methods: Balb/c female strain, adult age 8-12 weeks, weight 20-25 g. Using the patient's urine specimen suspect Bacterial vaginosis was inoculated on intravaginal Balb-c each of 10 ?l doses of 3 x 106, 3 x 105, and 3 x 104. Prior to inoculation (H0), a vaginal swab was taken and continued at H