Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst

Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...Proudění vod a geochemické procesy uvnitř nesaturované zóny (NZ) ve dvou zcela odlišných typech krasových prostředí byly sledovány za využití přirozených stopovačů (chemismus, stabilní isotopy 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, dále 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr, uranin). Velikost horizontální složky proudění a reakce chemismu skapů na zvýšené hydrologické události byly zkoumány v Moravském krasu (Česká republika), zatímco charakter proudění vody a chemismus vod byly studovány v solném krasu na diapirech v JV oblasti pohoří Zagros (Írán). V prostředí dobře vyvinutého epikrasu dosahuje horizontální složka proudění definovaná parametrem Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontální složka migrace, T - mocnost NZ) typicky hodnot 0,1 - 0,6 (Moravský a Slovinský kras). Naopak v oblastech kde byl epikras postižen glaciací či lidskou činností je míra horizontálního transportu vyšší (Hmax/T 1,6 - 24). Tento parametr je důležitý pro navržení ochranných pásem nad jeskyněmi. Střední doba zdržení dusičnanů ve 120 m mocné NZ Moravského krasu je značná, převyšuje 16 let. NZ nad Ochozskou jeskyní (Moravský kras) podléhá polootevřenému až otevřenému systému vůči CO2. Při vysokém průtoku skapů tvoří podíl srážkové vody pouze 5%. V průběhu roku nad jeskyní dochází k odplyňování vod a srážení kalcitu, jak dokládají hodnoty δ13 C, molární poměry Mg/Ca a Sr/Ca....Institute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied GeophysicsÚstav hydrogeologie, inž. geologie a užité geofyzikyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

New tracer tests in the Moravian karst II: The Punkva underground river in the surrounding of the Macocha Chasm.

Two tracer tests with uranine dye were performed on underground segment of the Punkva River (Punkevní and Amatérská Caves, Moravian Karst). Results demonstrated large volume sof submerged part of karst conduits in surroundings of the Macocha Chasm. These results and other observations correspond well with expectations of very slow tracer movement in large sump (mean cross section area about 30 m2) during low water stage.Two tracer tests with uranine dye were performed on underground segment of the Punkva River (Punkevní and Amatérská Caves, Moravian Karst). Results demonstrated large volume sof submerged part of karst conduits in surroundings of the Macocha Chasm. These results and other observations correspond well with expectations of very slow tracer movement in large sump (mean cross section area about 30 m2) during low water stage

Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst

Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior..

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FLUORESCENT DYES IN REGARD OF FLUORIMETER MEASUREMENT

Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesÚstav geochemie, mineralogie a nerostných zdrojůPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

COMPARISON OF SELECTED FLUORESCENT DYES IN REGARD OF FLUORIMETER MEASUREMENT

Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesÚstav geochemie, mineralogie a nerostných zdrojůPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Transport of dissolved solids in unsaturated zone of karst: Study of stable isotopes and chemistry

Ústav hydrogeologie, inž. geologie a užité geofyzikyInstitute of Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology and Applied GeophysicsFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst

Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior..

Study of neutron-rich isotopes near N=152 shell closure using Timepix type detectors integrated into the mass separator MASHA

The MASHA facility [1–3] was developed as a high precision mass-spectrometer for heavy and super heavy elements with masses up to 450 a.m.u. It uses ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) method. Its unique properties opens great prospective for the investigation of neutron-rich nuclei produced in multinucleon transfer reactions. Mainly nuclei near the neutron N = 126 and N = 152 shell closures are of great interest. This region of nuclei is not so far thoroughly enough investigated while its research has direct relation to the synthesis of super heavy elements. As is known the island of stability close to super heavy elements (Z = 112–118) exists due to the shell effects in nuclei. More detailed investigation of these shell effects can greatly help in the synthesis of next super heavy elements. Heavy neutron rich radon isotopes were produced in the multinucleon transfer reaction 40Ar + 232Th at Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Dubna. Radon isotopes with given masses were detected using two types of detectors: a multi-strip well-type detector (made in Canberra) and a position-sensitive quantum counting hybrid pixel detector of the Timepix type [4]. The latter detector has an array of 256x256 square pixels each with a pitch size of 55 um for the full sensitive area 14x14mm2. Radon isotopes implanted into the detector emit then alpha and beta particles until they reach the stable or long-lived isotopes at the end of their decay chains. The positions of radon isotopes, the tracks, times and energies of the beta particles were measured and analyzed. New software for the particle recognition and data analysis of the results obtained from the experiment was developed and used. It has been proven that MASHA + Timepix setup is a powerful instrument for investigation of neutron-rich isotopes far from stability limits