Influence of Artifical Discontinuities in Rocks on the Propagation of Ultrasonic P-Waves

In this work, experiments were conducted on rectangular prismatic samples with dimensions of 60×60×360 mm^{3}, which were cut from the rock blocks with no joint or anisotropy. Rock samples were obtained from different quarries in Turkey, known by the rock type as Afyon Çay marble, Burdur red limestone, Afyon gray, Lymra limestone, Muğla dolomite, Denizli travertine, and Isparta andesite. Experimental results indicated an increase in seismic wave attenuation as the number of artificial joints increased. However, seismic wave attenuation rate was found to be higher on the samples with parallel joint pattern than the samples which consisted of various directional joint pattern. This feature has explained the importance of seismic velocity anisotropy in rocks. The relationship between the number of joints in seven different rock samples and ultrasonic P-wave velocity was examined statistically and the results were evaluated together with similar studies in the literature

Pollution Determined by Using Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements: A Case Study from İzmir-Aliağa

Wherever industrial development exists, environmental pollution increases day by day. The heavy metals play an important role in soil and environmental pollutions and directly affect the human being lives. In this study, we determine pollutions resulting from heavy metal particles emanating from the brake discs pads of the vehicles on high ways and nearby factories. The field work was carried out in İzmir-Aliağa industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were done at a long profile crossing the İzmir-Çanakkale highway that goes through the study area. Here, we have determined the effect of heavy metals causing pollution in the surroundings. The studies indicate that the average acceptable values of magnetic susceptibility in such areas is about 0-50×10¯⁵ SI. Here we show that the magnetic susceptibility measurement values obtained along our study profile are about 18 times the acceptable ranges

Body hair scores and total hair diameters in healthy women in the Kirikkale Region, of Turkey

WOS: 000222617700017PubMed: 15227736It was aimed to determine the normal hair scores of women of Kirikkale region according to the Ferriman-Gallwey scale and to investigate the relationship between the hair shaft diameter and hair scores. Hair scores were calculated in 204 healthy women, and hair shaft diameters were measured from the hair samples collected from 60 patients. Body mass index, waist to hip ratio, insulin resistance and blood androgen levels were determined. Neutral, hormonal and total hair scores were 2.1 +/- 1.4, 3.1 +/- 2.7 and 5.2 +/- 3.6, respectively. The average total hair diameter and hormonal hair diameter were 191.93 +/- 90.49 mum and 121.8 +/- 75.9 mum respectively. The correlation between total hair diameter and total hair score was statistically significant (r = 0.704 p < 0.001). Also, the correlation between hormonal hair diameter and hormonal hair score was statistically significant (r = 0.724 p < 0.001). While hair scores and diameters show meaningful positive correlation with androgen levels, they show negative correlation with age. In our population, 95% value of total hair score was 11, and for the hormonal score, it was 9. Hair diameters increase with hair score, regardless of total or hormonal of hair scores. Hair scores and hair diameters may be affected by blood androgens in healthy women

Analysis of the spatial layer discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution and its application to rate model for H.264/SVC encoder

Knowledge of the discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution (DCT-DIST) is important for the encoder design. For example, rate control relies on this knowledge to estimate a possible bit rate and then decide proper coding parameters before the actual encoding task is performed. Therefore the rate control performance is fairly dependent on how accurately the DCT-DIST is modelled. The spatial enhancement layer (SL) DCT-DIST for H.264 scalable video coding (SVC) is studied in this Letter. SL DCT-DIST knowledge is furthermore used to derive a novel rate model. Our results can help design a proper rate control module for the H.264/SVC encoder

Plio-quaternary stress regime in Eşen Çay Basin, SW Turkey

The Plio-Quaternary Eşen çay Basin is situated at the junction of Hellenic and Cyprus arcs in southwestern Turkey. The basin is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the region in relation to the Hellenic and Cyprus arcs. Fault data from unconsolidated Pliocene and Quaternary deposits, as well as from pre-Pliocene lithologies, areanalysed in order to reconstruct the evolution of the stress field evolution from Pliocene onwards. Inversion of measured fault slip vector data identifies two main stress states: extensional and strike-slip. Both states are characterized by a NE-SW-trending minimum horizontal stress axis (?Hmin = ?3). The mean R value is 0.67, indicating a triaxial state of stress. The inversion also indicates the existence of extensional and strike-slip faulting characterized by a NW-SE-trending ?3 axis. This indicates a change in the direction of the minimum horizontal stress axis (?3) from a NW-SE-trending ?3 that dominated prior to Quaternary to a NE-SW-trending ?3 that dominated during Quaternary up to actual time. © The Geological Society of London 2013

Late cenozoic stress field in the Cameli Basin, SW Turkey

A history of deformation has been determined for the Cameli Basin located in the western part of the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, interpreted as the on-land continuation of Pliny-Strabo fault system (e.g., eastern boundary of the Hellenic Arc). Inversion of fault slip vectors affecting Mio-Pliocene to Quaternary formations in the Cameli Basin, in the southwestern segment of the transtensional Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, yields two different normal faulting stress regimes characterized by a roughly orthogonal set of extensional axes; a NW-SE (N129±19°E) ?3 axis and a NE-SW (N50±16°E) ?3 axis. The orientation of fault sets is predominantly around the NE-SW direction in the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, making the extension NW-SE. The mean R values are 0.74 and 0.69 for both extensions indicating a triaxial stress state, which is clearly different from radial extension and from transitional to strike-slip stress state. The NW-SE extension is probably responsible for the formation of the Cameli Basin during Mio-Pliocene time. In contrast, the inversion of focal mechanism solutions of shallow earthquakes occurring within the Cameli basin identifies a present-day, predominantly extensional stress regime, characterized by an approximately N-S (N184°E) ?3 axis, which has an R value of 0.637 indicating a triaxial stress state. The nearly orthogonal extensional stress regimes seem to have been acting contemporaneously with each other at different intensities from the Mio-Pliocene onwards in SW Turkey. This may be attributed to the geodynamic effects related to the subduction of the African plate beneath Anatolia, diffusing along Hellenic and Cyprus arcs and in the west-southwestward extrusion of Anatolia.Our hypothesis is that the cause of the early NW-SE extension is the slab-pull force due to the subduction process along the Cyprus arc, considered to be dominant up to Plio-Quaternary. The later NE-SW to present-day ~ N-S extension, dominant since the Plio-Quaternary, is related to the combined forces of the Anatolian extrusion and the subduction process along the Hellenic arc. © 2010 Elsevier B.V

Plio-Quaternary Stress State in the Burdur Basin, SW-Turkey

This study defines the Plio-Quaternary to present day stress regime in the Burdur Basin, located at the northeastern end of the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone in SW Turkey. This fault length, which is considered the landward continuation of the Pliny-Strabo trench, is an important feature in SW Turkey. The inversion slip vectors measured on fault planes indicate a consistent normal faulting stress regime during Plio-Quaternary time, continuing into recent times as indicated by earthquake focal mechanism inversions. Both states have consistent NW-SE trending horizontal minimum stress axes (?3). The orientation of fault sets is predominantly around the NE-SW direction in the major Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone, making the extension NW-SE. The mean stress ratio is 0.74 indicating a triaxial stress state, which is clearly different from radial extension. The NW-SE extension is probably responsible for the formation of the Burdur Basin during Plio-Quaternary time. This extension, which is probably caused by slab-pull force due to the subduction process along the Cyprus arc, produces a dominant normal motion along the FBFZ. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.107Y321This work was financially supported by TUBITAK-ÇAYDAG (Project no: 107Y321 ). The authors would like to thank Catherine Yiğit for assistance with English exposition that improved recent version of the text. The authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that greatly improved the quality of the manuscript

Lake Burdur and its area from last 2000 years : sedimentary record of climate and environmental evolution

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