EAPC task force on education for psychologists in palliative care

It is argued that psychological aspects of care and psychosocial problems are essential components of palliative care. However, the provision of appropriate services remains somewhat arbitrary. Unlike medical and nursing care, which are clearly delivered by doctors and nurses respectively, psychological and psychosocial support in palliative care are not assigned exclusively to psychologists. It is generally expected that all professionals working in palliative care should have some knowledge of the psychological dynamics in terminal illness, as well as skills in communication and psychological risk assessment. On the one hand, palliative care education programmes for nurses and doctors comprise a considerable amount of psychological and psychosocial content. On the other hand, only a few palliative care associations provide explicit information on the role and tasks of psychologists in palliative care. Psychologists’ associations do not deal much with this issue either. If they refer to it at all, it is in the context of the care of the aged, end-of-life care or how to deal with grief

The experience of teasing in elective cosmetic surgery patients

The role of teasing as a motivator for patients undertaking elective cosmetic surgery was investigated. Pre-operative data were collected, using a range of standardized tests in addition to open ended questions about their experience of teasing, from 449 patients aged 18 to 70 undergoing elective cosmetic surgery in Australia. Just under half of the sample indicated that they had been teased or bullied about their appearance. Teased patients showed significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression and dysmorphic concern; lower levels of physical attractiveness and appearance satisfaction; and lower levels of satisfaction with discrete aspects of their appearance than nonteased patients. Teasing also contributed to longer periods of considering surgery as an answer to body dissatisfaction concerns, even when controlling for age. Prevention education initiatives on appearance-related teasing should be targeted at school students. This, along with earlier detection of the psychological impacts of weight and appearance-related teasing, fewer people, if offered strategies for coping through counseling, may contemplate surgery as a response to this teasing

Formation and dynamics of van der Waals molecules in buffer-gas traps

We show that weakly bound He-containing van der Waals molecules can be produced and magnetically trapped in buffer-gas cooling experiments, and provide a general model for the formation and dynamics of these molecules. Our analysis shows that, at typical experimental parameters, thermodynamics favors the formation of van der Waals complexes composed of a helium atom bound to most open-shell atoms and molecules, and that complex formation occurs quickly enough to ensure chemical equilibrium. For molecular pairs composed of a He atom and an S-state atom, the molecular spin is stable during formation, dissociation, and collisions, and thus these molecules can be magnetically trapped. Collisional spin relaxations are too slow to affect trap lifetimes. However, helium-3-containing complexes can change spin due to adiabatic crossings between trapped and untrapped Zeeman states, mediated by the anisotropic hyperfine interaction, causing trap loss. We provide a detailed model for Ag3He molecules, using ab initio calculation of Ag-He interaction potentials and spin interactions, quantum scattering theory, and direct Monte Carlo simulations to describe formation and spin relaxation in this system. The calculated rate of spin-change agrees quantitatively with experimental observations, providing indirect evidence for molecular formation in buffer-gas-cooled magnetic traps.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figure

S-COL: A Copernican turn for the development of flexibly reusable collaboration scripts

Collaboration scripts are usually implemented as parts of a particular collaborative-learning platform. Therefore, scripts of demonstrated effectiveness are hardly used with learning platforms at other sites, and replication studies are rare. The approach of a platform-independent description language for scripts that allows for easy implementation of the same script on different platforms has not succeeded yet in making the transfer of scripts feasible. We present an alternative solution that treats the problem as a special case of providing support on top of diverse Web pages: In this case, the challenge is to trigger support based on the recognition of a Web page as belonging to a specific type of functionally equivalent pages such as the search query form or the results page of a search engine. The solution suggested has been implemented by means of a tool called S-COL (Scripting for Collaborative Online Learning) and allows for the sustainable development of scripts and scaffolds that can be used with a broad variety of content and platforms. The tool’s functions are described. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and ease of script reuse with S-COL, we describe the flexible re-implementation of a collaboration script for argumentation in S-COL and its adaptation to different learning platforms. To demonstrate that a collaboration script implemented in S-COL can actually foster learning, an empirical study about the effects of a specific script for collaborative online search on learning activities is presented. The further potentials and the limitations of the S-COL approach are discussed

Combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker for diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis

Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Studies suggest that combination renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-inhibiting therapy provides additive benefit in DN. However, these studies are small in size. We performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating combination therapy for DN. Methods: Studies were identified through a search of medline, embase, cinahl and the Cochrane Database. All trials involving combined ACEI and ARB for slowing progression of DN were included. The primary end point was 24-h urinary protein excretion. Blood pressure, serum potassium and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were secondary end points. Results: In the 10 included trials, 156 patients received ACEI + ARB and 159 received ACEI only. Most studies were 8-12 weeks in duration. Proteinuria was reduced with ACEI + ARB (P = 0.01). This was associated with significant statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.005). ACEI + ARB was associated with a reduction in GFR [3.87 ml/min (7.32-0.42); P = 0.03] and a trend towards an increase in serum creatinine (6.86 μmol/l 95% CI -0.76-13.73; P = 0.09). Potassium was increased by 0.2 (0.08-0.32) mmol/l (P \u3c 0.01) with ACEI + ARB. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 5.2 (2.1-8.4) mmHg (P \u3c 0.01) and 5.3 (2.2-8.4) mmHg (P \u3c 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that ACEI + ARB reduces 24-h proteinuria to a greater extent than ACEI alone. This benefit is associated with small effects on GFR, serum creatinine, potassium and blood pressure. These results should be interpreted cautiously as most of the included studies were of short duration and the few long-term studies (12 months) have not demonstrated benefit. © 2007 The Authors

Control of interneuron dendritic growth through NRG1/erbB4-mediated kalirin-7 disinhibition.

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a secreted trophic factor that activates the postsynaptic erbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Both NRG1 and erbB4 have been repeatedly associated with schizophrenia, but their downstream targets are not well characterized. ErbB4 is highly abundant in interneurons, and NRG1-mediated erbB4 activation has been shown to modulate interneuron function, but the role for NRG1-erbB4 signaling in regulating interneuron dendritic growth is not well understood. Here we show that NRG1/erbB4 promote the growth of dendrites in mature interneurons through kalirin, a major dendritic Rac1-GEF. Recent studies have shown associations of the KALRN gene with schizophrenia. Our data point to an essential role of phosphorylation in kalirin-7's C terminus as the critical site for these effects. As reduced interneuron dendrite length occurs in schizophrenia, understanding how NRG1-erbB4 signaling modulates interneuron dendritic morphogenesis might shed light on disease-related alterations in cortical circuits

The modulation of adult neuroplasticity is involved in the mood-improving actions of atypical antipsychotics in an animal model of depression

Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an increasing impact in global public health. However, a large proportion of patients treated with currently available antidepressant drugs fail to achieve remission. Recently, antipsychotic drugs have received approval for the treatment of antidepressant-resistant forms of major depression. The modulation of adult neuroplasticity, namely hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal remodeling, has been considered to have a key role in the therapeutic effects of antidepressants. However, the impact of antipsychotic drugs on these neuroplastic mechanisms remains largely unexplored. In this study, an unpredictable chronic mild stress protocol was used to induce a depressive-like phenotype in rats. In the last 3 weeks of stress exposure, animals were treated with two different antipsychotics: haloperidol (a classical antipsychotic) and clozapine (an atypical antipsychotic). We demonstrated that clozapine improved both measures of depressive-like behavior (behavior despair and anhedonia), whereas haloperidol aggravated learned helplessness in the forced-swimming test and behavior flexibility in a cognitive task. Importantly, an upregulation of adult neurogenesis and neuronal survival was observed in animals treated with clozapine, whereas haloperidol promoted a downregulation of these processes. Furthermore, clozapine was able to re-establish the stress-induced impairments in neuronal structure and gene expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate the modulation of adult neuroplasticity by antipsychotics in an animal model of depression, revealing that the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine reverts the behavioral effects of chronic stress by improving adult neurogenesis, cell survival and neuronal reorganization.This work was co-funded by the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), and Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (Projects NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023). This work has been also funded by FEDER funds, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE) and by National funds, through the FCT, under the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038. We thank Luís Martins and Ana Lima for the technical assistanceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker for diabetic nephropathy - a meta-analysis

WSTĘP. Inhibitory konwertazy angiotensyny (ACEI) i blokery receptora angiotensyny (ARB) zapobiegają progresji nefropatii cukrzycowej (DN). Wyniki badań sugerują, że połączenie układu renina-angiotensyna-aldosteron (RAAS) i czynników hamujących działa addytywnie w procesie leczenia DN. Ponieważ badania te obejmowały niewielkie grupy chorych, autorzy niniejszej pracy przeprowadzili metaanalizę prób dotyczących leczenia skojarzonego DN. METODY. Badania do metaanalizy wybrano na podstawie baz danych MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL i Cochrane. Włączono wszystkie próby dotyczące skojarzonego leczenia za pomocą ACEI i ARB. Głównym punktem końcowym było dobowe wydalanie białka z moczem, a dodatkowe punkty końcowe obejmowały: wartości ciśnienia tętniczego, stężenia potasu we krwi i współczynnika przesączania kłębuszkowego (GFR). WYNIKI. W 10 włączonych do analizy badaniach 156 chorych otrzymało ACEI i ARB, a 159 jedynie ACEI. Większość badań trwało 8-12 tygodni. U osób leczonych ACEI i ARB uzyskano zmniejszenie proteinurii (p = 0,01), co wiązało się ze znaczną statystyczną heterogenicznością (p = 0,005). Terapia ACEI i ARB była związana ze zmniejszeniem GFR [3,87 ml/min (7,32-0,42); p = 0,03] i tendencją do wzrostu stężenia kreatyniny w surowicy (6,86 umol/l 95% CI -0,76-13,73; p = 0,09). Stężenie potasu zwiększyło się o 0,2 (0,08-0,32) mmol/l (p < 0,01) u chorych leczonych ACEI i ARB. Skurczowe i rozkurczowe ciśnienie krwi obniżyło się odpowiednio o 5,2 mm Hg (2,1-8,4) (p < 0,01) i 5,3 mm Hg (2,2-8,4) (p < 0,01). WNIOSKI. Wyniki metaanalizy sugerują, że łączne stosowanie ACEI + ARB w większym stopniu zmniejsza 24-godzinne wydalanie białka z moczem niż przyjmowanie jedynie ACEI. Korzystne efekty terapii skojarzonej są wynikiem niewielkiego wpływu leków na GFR, stężenie kreatyniny i potasu w surowicy oraz ciśnienie tętnicze. Rezultaty te należy interpretować ostrożnie, ponieważ większość analizowanych badań charakteryzowała się krótkim czasem obserwacji, a w kilku długoterminowych próbach (12 miesięcy) nie wykazano korzystnego wpływu leczenia.AIMS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Studies suggest that combination renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-inhibiting therapy provides additive benefit in DN. However, these studies are small in size. We performed a meta-analysis of studies investigating combination therapy for DN. METHODS. Studies were identified through a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Database. All trials involving combined ACEI and ARB for slowing progression of DN were included. The primary end point was 24- Blood pressure, serum potassium and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were secondary end points. RESULTS. In the 10 included trials, 156 patients received ACEI + ARB and 159 received ACEI only. Most studies were 8&#8211;12 weeks in duration. Proteinuria was reduced with ACEI + ARB (p = 0.01). This was associated with significant statistical heterogeneity (p = 0.005). ACEI + ARB was associated with a reduction in GFR [3.87 ml/min (7.32-0.42); p = 0.03] and a trend towards an increase in serum creatinine (6.86 umol/l 95% CI: -0.76-13.73; p = 0.09). Potassium was increased by 0.2 (0.08-0.32) mmol/l (p < 0.01) with ACEI + ARB. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 5.2 (2.1-8.4) mm Hg (p < 0.01) and 5.3 (2.2-8.4) mm Hg (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS. This meta-analysis suggests that ACEI + + ARB reduces 24-h proteinuria to a greater extent than ACEI alone. This benefit is associated with small effects on GFR, serum creatinine, potassium and blood pressure. These results should be interpreted cautiously as most of the included studies were of short duration and the few long-term studies (12 months) have not demonstrated benefi