Changes in the Relationship between the Outcomes of Cohabiting Partnerships and Fertility among Young British Women: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 Birth Cohort Studies

We investigate the effects of a range of time-varying fertility indicators, including pregnancy, and the presence and characteristics of children, on the outcomes of nonmarital unions for two cohorts of British women. We compare the effect of conceptions and births on the odds that a cohabiting partnership is dissolved or that it is converted to marriage for women born in 1958 and 1970. The analysis uses a multilevel competing risks model to allow for multiple partnerships and conceptions, and to distinguish between two outcomes of cohabiting unions (separation and marriage). We also use a multiprocess model, in which the outcomes of cohabitation are modelled simultaneously with fertility, to allow for the potential joint determination of partnership and childbearing decisions. The analysis is based on partnership and birth histories between the ages of 16 and 29, and social background, in the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study

Decreixement sostenible : beneficiós ecològica i econòmicament

L'edició mensual del "Journal of Cleaner Production", una publicació internacional líder sobre innovació tecnològica i industrial, publica els resultats d'un estudi coordinat per Giorgos Kallis, François Schneider i Joan Martínez Alier, investigadors de l'Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) de la UAB. La publicació, que inclou 15 articles de reconeguts economistes, sociòlegs i experts en medi ambient, reflecteix la idea de que un "decreixement sostenible", per exemple una reducció equitativa de la producció i del consum, milloraria les condicions ambientals i el benestar humà.La edición mensual del "Journal of Cleaner Production", una publicación internacional líder sobre innovación tecnológica e industrial, publica los resultados de un estudio coordinado por Giorgos Kallis, François Schneider y Joan Martínez Alier, investigadores del Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) de la UAB. La publicación, que incluye 15 artículos de reconocidos economistas, sociólogos y expertos en medio ambiente, refleja la idea de que un "decrecimiento sostenible", por ejemplo una reducción equitativa de la producción y del consumo, mejoraría las condiciones ambientales y el bienestar humano.This month's edition of the periodical "Journal of Cleaner Production", a leading international journal on industrial and technological innovation, publishes the results of a coordinated study organized by Giorgos Kallis, Francois Schneider and Joan Martinez-Alier from the ICTA at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). The publication, which involves 15 analytical and empirical articles from distinguished economists, social scientists and environmental scientists, reflects on the idea of "sustainable degrowth", i.e. an equitable downscaling of economic production and consumption that will improve environmental conditions while enhancing human well-being

Populism, Sovereigntism, and the Unlikely Re-Emergence of the Territorial Nation-State

In the last three decades, the rise of a populist challenge to the liberal political mainstream exposed how shallow the supposed victory of global liberalism was, even in its heartlands in Europe and North America. Exclusive nationalism and nativism, identity politics, critiques of globalisation and internationalism, and calls for democratic reempowerment of the demos have converged politically on a new locus of inflated territorial, indeed ‘border’ sovereignty, aligning the call of ‘taking back control’ on behalf of a radically re-defined community (‘we’) with a defensive re-territorialisation of power along existing fault lines of nation-statism. In this paper, I argue that the very same call has become the new common political denominator for all populist platforms and parties across Europe. I argue that populists across the conventional left-right divide have deployed a rigidly territorialised concept of popular sovereignty in order to bestow intellectual coherence and communicative power to the otherwise disparate strands of their anti-utopian critiques of globalisation. In spite of significant ideological differences between so-called right- and left-wing populism, in the short-term the two populist projects have sought to stage their performances of sovereigntism on, behind or inside the borders of the existing nation-states

The factory of illusions in the ‘Third Rome’:Circus Maximus as a space of fascist simulation

Although the site of the ancient Circus Maximus was one of the most loaded spaces of the Fascist ‘Third Rome’, it has received limited attention as a privileged site where a dizzying array of myths and illusions were entertained, simulated, and deposited as new Fascist layers on Rome’s urban and mnemonic palimpsest. Previously a decayed, ‘unsightly’, and overcrowded hodgepodge of layers of life, history, and memory, it was substantially restored, ruthlessly emptied of its previous life, and then used for a multitude of Fascist rituals and projections (parades, celebrations, exhibitions, mass spectacles). In this article, I explore the diverse facets of the circus’s transformation in the 1930s and argue that the site was used as a prime space of enacting and simulating the full thrust of the Fascist regime’s regenerative repertoire, involving erasure and disruption of layers of the past, new additive elements and spatial practices, as well as a multitude of projections of a decidedly modern Fascist new order and temporality

The political ecology of deforestation. Notes on three contributions to the subject

This review essay introduces three recent contributions to the issue of deforestation from a political ecology perspective. The case studies examined, Western United States, Indonesia and India, exemplify the power relations and the distributional issues that surround the practices of forest management in these geographical contexts. Thus one common focus of the books is who benefits and who loses from the processes of environmental change induced by forest management.Aquest estat de la qüestió introdueix tres contribucions recents al tema de la desforestació utilitzant la perspectiva de l'ecologia política. Els casos d'estudi examinats, l'oest dels EUA, Indonèsia i l'Índia, palesen les relacions de poder i les qüestions distribucionals que envolten les pràctiques de gestió forestal en aquests tres contexts geogràfics. Un punt focal dels tres llibres és, doncs, qui se'n beneficia i qui hi perd pel que fa als processos de canvi ambiental generats per la gestió forestal.El presente estado de la cuestión introduce tres contribuciones recientes al tema de la deforestación utilizando la perspectiva de la ecología política. Los estudios de caso examinados, el oeste de los EEUU, Indonesia e India ejemplifican las relaciones de poder y las cuestiones distribucionales que rodean las prácticas de gestión forestal. Así, el nexo de unión de los tres libros es quién se beneficia y quién sale perdiendo en los procesos de cambio ambiental inducidos por la gestión forestal.Le présent état de la question propose trois contributions récentes sur l'étude de la déforestation selon la perspective de l'écologie politique. Les études de cas examinés, l'ouest des États Unis, l'Indonésie et l'Inde, fournissent des exemples sur les relations entre le pouvoir et les questions distributionnelles concernant les pratiques de gestion forestière. Ainsi, le point de concordance des trois ouvrages présente les bénéfices et les pertes au sein des processus de changements environnementaux liés à la gestion forestière

Capitalism, socialism, degrowth : a rejoinder

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-055

Limits, ecomodernism and degrowth

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICUnidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-

A Layman\u27s Guide to the Pauline Epistles

Much has been written on the subject of New Testament Introduction. An investigation disclosed the astonishing and revealing fact, that most of the Introductions which could be recommended to laymen were in old books which were no longer in print. It was also discovered that some which were available for laymen, were too brief in content as well as inadequate for comprehension. Some of the books were in too fine a print to attract the layman. Most introductions do not contain the message of the several epistles. Thus this study was undertaken

Evaluation of Enamel Surface Roughness After Laser Removal of Clear Aligner Attachments

Introduction: Following orthodontic appliance removal, the primary objective is to remove all remaining adhesive from the facial surfaces and return the enamel to its pretreatment state. Composite remnant removal must be performed with as little to no damage to the superficial layer of enamel to ensure long-term health and esthetics of the dentition. Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of multiple composite remnant removal methods with no consensus as to which method should be the standard of care1-7. Traditional methods of composite removal after bracket debonding have included tungsten-carbide burs, white stone burs, green stones, and composite discs; which all damage the enamel surface to some degree. Technological advances in the last decade have allowed for the use of lasers to be incorporated into the field of dentistry. Very few studies have evaluated the prospect of using Nd:YAG, CO2, and Er:YAG laser for composite removal following orthodontic bracket debonding but no studies have investigated these methods for clear attachment removal. Therefore, the goal of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Er:YAG laser to remove clear aligner attachments. Methods: Forty freshly extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups). Prior to experimentation, the sample teeth had a portion of the buccal enamel surface flattened to normalize the surfaces. Pre-treatment enamel surface roughness value (Ra) was measured using the Veeco DEKTAK 150 stylus profilometer, pre-treatment surface gloss (degrees) was measured using the Novo-Curve Glossmeter, and pre-treatment enamel surface morphology was analyzed using the Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope. Clear aligner attachments were bonded to the sample teeth using the small wire bonder Mini Mold attachment. In the control group, clear aligner attachment removal was completed using a multi-fluted tungsten carbide bur with high-speed handpiece. In experimental group 1, clear aligner attachment removal was completed using Er:YAG laser at 215 mJ/30 Hz/6.45 W. In experimental group 2, clear aligner attachment removal was completed using Er:YAG laser at 300 mJ/20 Hz/6W. In experimental group 3, clear aligner attachment removal was completed using Er:YAG at 240 mJ/20 Hz/4.8 W. Pulp temperature changes during clear aligner attachment removal was measured using a K-type thermocouple. Surface roughness, surface gloss, and morphology were also be examined following clear aligner attachment removal. Results: Post hoc analyses using the Tukey HSD post hoc criterion for significance indicated that the average roughness score was significantly lower before treatment than the control group (p \u3c 0.001), experimental group 1 (p \u3c 0.001), experimental group 2 (p \u3c 0.001), and experimental group 3 (p \u3c 0.001). It was also noted that the average roughness score was significantly lower in the control group (M = 2.77, SD = 1.18) when compared to the three experimental groups. Post hoc analyses using the Tukey HSD post hoc criterion for significance indicated that the average gloss was significantly lower in the control (M = -5.93, SD = 1.67) than experimental group 1 (M = -12.25, SD = 3.39, p \u3c 0.001), experimental group 2 (M = -13.36, SD = 3.12, p \u3c 0.001) and experimental group 3 (M = -11.89, SD = 2.03, p = 0.001). Post hoc analyses using the Tukey HSD post hoc criterion for significance indicated that the average temperature was significantly lower in the control group (M = 1.58, SD = 0.53) and experimental group 2 (M = 1.49, SD = 0.29) than experimental group 1 (p = 0.006) and experimental group 3 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: All four clear aligner attachment removal methods significantly increased the enamel surface roughness and decreased gloss; however, the multi-fluted tungsten-carbide bur provided the least amount of unwanted side effects on enamel surface roughness, morphology, and gloss. The multi-fluted tungsten-carbide bur and Er:YAG laser can both safely remove clear aligner attachments with very little to no risk of pulpal necrosis